Xaqiiqooyinka Interesting ka nolosha Tolstoy. Tolstoy Aleksey Nikolaevich

Graf oo academician ah USSR Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy wuxuu ahaa qoraa aad u tayo iyo boosaska badan, kuwaas oo ku qoray noocyo iyo asluubta badan oo kala duwan. In uu Arsenal laba ururiyay oo gabayo, cirfiid-abuurey daaweynta warkii, tiro badan oo ah riwaayadaha, suxufinimada iyo articles kale. Laakiin wax kasta ka sarreeya, wuxuu - Qoraaga weyn iyo Master of sheekooyin xiiso. Waxa uu siin lahaa State USSR ee Prize (ee 1941, 1943 iyo darjada 1946). Biography suugaaneed ka kooban yahay xaqiiqooyin qaar ka mid xiiso leh uga noqdeen nolosha ee Tolstoy. iyaga oo ku saabsan iyo in la sii hadli doonaa.

Tolstoy: Life iyo Work

December 29, 1882 (Old January 10th, 1883kii) ee Nikolaevsk (Pugachev) gobolka Saratov waxaa u dhashay Tolstoy Aleksey Nikolaevich. Marka hooyadiisna waxay ahayd uur leedahay, ninkeeda N. A. Tolstogo tagay oo u dhaqaaqay iyadoo shaqaalaha Zemsky A. A. Bostroma ku nool.

Alyosha caruurnimadiisii ku qaatay in estate uu adeer tuulada gobolka Sosnovka Samara. Waxay ahayd sannadihii ugu faraxsan yahay, waayo, ilmo ayaa koray aad u xoog badan oo hedonistic. Markaas Tolstoy dhammeeyey St. Petersburg Institute of Technology, shahaadada laakiinse aanan difaacay (1907).

Laga soo bilaabo 1905 in 1908 ayuu bilaabay in ay daabacaan gabayo iyo tiraab. Fame in qoraaga yimid ka dib markii sheekooyinka iyo tixaha "Zavolzhye" wareegga (1909-1911 GG.), Tixaha "Jackass" (1911) iyo "The mudane curyaan ah" (1912). Halkan uu ku tilmaamay dhacdada aan rasmi ahayn oo aan caadi ahayn ka dhacay kula gobolka Samara dalkiisa mulkiilayaasha lala yaabo.

Adduunka ugu horreeya ee

xaqiiqooyinka Interesting ka nolosha Tolstoy la sheegay in ee World koowaad, waxa uu ka shaqeeyay sidii wariye dagaal. Markaasuu wuxuu ahaa mid aad u xamaasad leh oo ku saabsan Revolution February ah. Writer halka ku nool Moscow. Waqtiga kacaanka hantiwadaagga, dowladda ku meelgaarka Guddoomiyaha Tolstoy magacaabay diiwaangelinta print. Laga soo bilaabo 1917 in 1918, oo dhan hawlaha hal abuur leh qoraaga mana soo bandhigay ee murugada iyo walaac.

Ka dib markii kacaanka, ka 1918 si ay u 1923, nolosha Aleksey Tolstoy dibedda maray. In 1918 wuxuu aaday inuu Ukraine ee safar suugaanta, iyo in 1919 waxaa la daad gureeyay ka Odessa in Istanbul.

haajirid

Ku soo noqoshada theme ee "Tolstoy: noloshii iyo shaqadii", waxaa la ogaadaa in laba sano uu ku noolaa Paris, ka dibna u dhaqaaqay 1921 Berlin, halkaas oo uu bilaabay in la dhiso xiriir jir ah qorayaasha ku hadhay Russia. Sidaas darteed, marna on qabtay dalka dibadiisa lagu jiro mudada of Policy Dhaqaalaha ee New (1923), uu dib ugu soo laabtay dalkiisa. Noloshiisa oo dibadda u dhashay midho, oo wuxuu arkay iftiinkii ee uu shaqada taariikh ahaaneed "Childhood Nikita," "Wadada leeyay" (1920-1922 GG.) - nuqulka kowaad (1921), iyadoo jidka ag fadhida, in 1922, wuxuu ku dhawaaqay in Waxa ay noqon doontaa Forbrydelsen ah. Waqti ka, the line anti-Bolshevik ee sheeko la saxo, qoraa la dhigin inay amarkaas beddelaan si ay shaqo, inta badan ka waaban ulaha malab ay sabab u tahay xaaladda siyaasadeed ee USSR. Qoraaga marna ha ilaawin ku saabsan "dembiyadii" - sharaf leh asal iyo socdaalka, laakiin waxa uu ogaa in tiro balaadhan oo ah akhristayaasha uu hadda u muuqday, in xilligii Soviet.

muddo hal abuur New

On yimid sheeko Ruushka "Aelita" waxaa la daabacay (1922-1923 GG.), Nooca Sayniska-fi The. Waxaa sheegayaa sida ay ciidamada Red qabanqaabisaa kacaanka on Mars, laakiin wax ma uu tegin sidii rajeynayay. Wax yar ka dib yimid sheeko labaad ee nooca la mid ah, "hyperboloid ee Engineer Garin" (1925-1926 GG.), Kee qoraaga su'alaha marar badan. In 1925, waxaa jiray sheeko cajiib ah, "Midowga shan." Tolstoy, iyadoo jidka ag fadhida, in kuwa uu sheekooyin sayniska D. saadaaliyay yaabab badan farsamo, sida diyaarad meel, votes qabtay meel, laser, "baarashuud jejebiyey", horyaalka xuduntii qaaradda, iyo wixii la mid ah.

Laga soo bilaabo 1924 in 1925 novel Tolstoy Aleksey Nikolaevich abuuraa kiina garneel, "The Tacaburka ee Nevzorov, ama Ibikus" halkaas oo dalxiisto quudhin tilmaamay. Waa mid ku cad sidan of Ostap Bender ayaa ku dhashay Ilf iyo Petrov.

xaqiiqooyinka Interesting ka nolosha Tolstoy

Horeba 1937, Tolstoy qoray sheeko ku saabsan amarka state of Stalin "Bread", halkaas oo in koorsada dhacdooyinka si cad u arki karaan doorka fiican oo amiir u ahaa proletariat iyo Voroshilov.

Mid ka mid ah sheekooyinka carruurta ugu wanaagsan ee suugaanta adduunka ahaa sheekada A. N. Tolstogo, "Key Golden The, ama Tacaburka ee Pinocchio" (1935). Writer aad u wanaagsan oo si fiican su'alaha sheeko cirfiid "Pinocchio" by qoraaga Talyaani Carlo Collodi.

In muddo ah ka soo 1930kii si 1934, Tolstoy abuuraa laba buug oo ku saabsan Peter iyo waqti. Halkan qoraaga ku siinayaa inuu qiimeyn ah marxalad iyo boqorka fikirka dib u habaynta. Uu buugga saddexaad, "Peter", ayuu ku qoray, markii uu ahaa oonad.

Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalkii Great Patriotic Alexey qoray publications iyo sheekooyin badan. ka mid ah "Dabeecada Ruush", "Ivan Grozny" iyo wixii la mid ah D..

burinaya

aqoonsiga qoraaga Alekseya Tolstogo halkii is burinaya sida, in mabda, oo shuqulkiisuna. In Midowga Soofiyeeti waxay ahayd labaad ee ugu weyn ka dib markii qoraa Maksima Gorkogo ah. Tolstoy ahayd calaamad u ah sida ay waddaniyiin dhab ah Soviet ahaayeen dadkii ku abtirsan ugu sareeya. Waxa uu si gaar ah marnaba ka cawday baahida loo qabo iyo mar walba ku noolaa sida mudane a, maxaa yeelay, marna waxa uu ku joojiyay ka shaqeeya uu teeb, oo ahaa had iyo jeer in baahida loo qabo.

xaqiiqooyinka Interesting nolosha Tolstoy ayaa waxaa ka mid ah xaqiiqda ah in uu dacwaddayda karo kuwa la xiray ama ceeb la yaqaan, laakiin uu kari, iyo xishoodo ka iska. Waxa uu guursaday afar jeer. NV Krandievskaya, mid ka mid ah xaasaskiisa, in jidka qaar ka mid noqday noocooda ah oo ka mid ah halyeeyo ah novel ah "The Road si ay u leeyay".

waddani

Alexei jecel yahay in ay qoraan si macquul leh xaqiiqooyinka dhabta ah, laakiin sidoo kale si qurux badan u abuuray iyo sheekooyin. wuxuu isaga u jeclaaday, waxa uu ahaa naftii bulsho kasta, laakiin waxaa jiray kuwa tusay xad gudub ku ah qoraaga. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ahaa Anna Akhmatova, Bulgakov, Osip Mandelstam (Tolstoy la soo dhaafay xitaa helay dharbaaxay a).

Alexei Tolstoy ahaa dhabta ah ee qaranka Ruush qoraa, waddani iyo halyay, oo marar badan wuxuu ku qoray in ay wax ku shisheeye iyo waxa gabi ahaanba ma doonayaan in ay bartaan luqadaha ajnabiga for dareen wanaagsan oo uu afka hooyo Ruush.

dhimashada Gorky ka 1936 in 1938 ka dib markii uu madax Midowgii Soviet Writers. Dagaalka ka dib, waxa uu ahaa xubin ka mid ah guddiga si ay u baaraan dambiyada ka mid ah soo duulay faashistihii.

Waa in la ogaadaa in sannadaha cimrigaaguna Tolstoy ayaa ka dhacay muddo ka soo 1883kii si 1945. Wuxuu on February 23, 1945 kansarka ku geeriyooday da'da 62 oo waxaa lagu aasay Moscow ee qubuuraha Novodevichy.