West Russia: description, xaqiiqada oo xiiso iyo taariikhda. History - galbeedka iyo bariga Russia

In qarniyadii dhexe, Western Russia ka mid ah dhulalka ay xuduud la leh Hungary, Poland iyo Lithuania. Tan iyo bilowgii qaybsanaanta siyaasadeed ee gobolka ayaa dhowr madaxda, tartamaya kasta oo kale, waayo, hogaanka.

Qayb ka mid ah Kievan rus '

Ka hor inta ah ee hal gobol qadiimiga Ruush on dhulka ee Western Russia daganaa ururada qabaa'ilka ee Eastern Slavs: Dregovichi, drevlyans, Volhynians, Ulichi iyo White Niko. In qarniyo IX-X. ay ku lifaaqan Kiev. Marxaladani waxay la dhammaystiray inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Vladimira Svyatoslavicha (980-1015).

West Russia ee waqooyiga garab ah qabiilooyinka Baltic: Lithuania, Prussia iyo Zhmud. deggan Kuwanu ee xeebaha Baltic ganacsiga malab Slavs iyo cadaatay. In muddo ah iyagu ma ay khatar in Russia. Waxay ahayd deriskiisa u xoog badan galbeedka - Kingdom Polish ah. Dadka Slavic la baabtiisay sidii caadadii Roman. faraqa u dhexeeya Catholics iyo Orthodox ayaa mid ka mid ah sababaha keena xaalad kacsani ka dhex Russia iyo Poland. In 981 Vladimir Sun Cas ayaa sheegay in dagaalka on Prince Mieszko waxaan ku guuleystay dalka waxa loogu yeero ee Cherven, taas oo ahayd magaalada ugu weyn ee Przemysl.

In galbeedka koonfurta Russia dhamaaday ee deel, oo guriga ku jiray in ka guuraa Turkic ku hadla. Marka hore waxaa jiray Pechenegs ah. Qarnigii X in lagu bedelay Polovtsy ah. Sidoo kale waxa u dhaxeeya ahaa in ay labada steppe diyaarin safarada joogto ah Russia, oo ay la socdaan boobka iyo rabshadaha ka dhanka ah dadka rayidka ah.

Muddada qaybsanaanta siyaasadeed

dhimashada Yaroslava Mudrogo ee 1054 midaysan gobolka Ruush Old Ka dib waxaa loo kala qaybiyey dhowr madaxda. Hawlgalkani waxa uu ahaa mid si tartiib ah. In qaar ka mid ah amiirradii Kievan, sida Vladimir Monomakh ah, dalka mar kale uu noqonayaa guud. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dirir iyo Seniority agnatic ugu danbeyn kala qaybsan Russia. Qarnigii line madax ugu weyn ee ku yaala galbeedka Russia ahaa Volyn ay caasimada magaalada Vladimir-Volyn.

Rostislav guri ammaan

Halkan guri ammaan dalku soo degay ka Rostislav Vladimirovich - awow u Yaroslava Mudrogo of line sare. Fikrad ahaan, wakiilada farcankii xataa lahaa xuquuqda sharciga ah si ay Kiev, laakiin ee "hooyadii magaalooyinka Ruush" dalku kale Rurik. Marka hore carruurta ayaa ku nool barxaddii Rostislav Jaropolk Izyaslavich - taliyihii Kiev. In 1084 cornflowers Rurik Volodar iyo laaday out of Prince Vladimir ah, oo muddo degan gobolka oo dhan.

Ugu dambeyntii Rostislavichi qabtay Volyn ka dib markii Lyubech Congress ee 1097 iyo raadiyo dagaal sokeeye. Isla mar ahaantaana ay aqoonsi siyaasadeed in magaalooyinka kale ee yar yar ee gobolka (marka laga reebo Vladimir iyo Przemysl) - Terebovlya iyo Dorogobuzh. Awow Rostislav Vladimir Volodarevich ee 1140 iyaga ku biireen iyo abuuray madax cusub ay caasimada u ahayd Galicia. dadka deggan ayaa koray hodan on ganacsiga cusbo la dariska ah. Western Russia ahaa si weyn uga duwan ee waqooyi-bari halkaas oo cufan Slavs ku noolaa kaynta dhow qabiilooyinka Finnish.

Jaroslav Osmomysl

Marka ina Vladimir Yaroslav Osmomysl (garoomada 1153-1187 GG.) Kibir Galician soo maray da 'ah oo dahab ah. Dhammaan intii uu boqortooyadiisa ayuu isku dayay in uu iska caabin ah lahelso ee Kiev iyo isbahaysiga la Vladimir-Volyn. halganka Tani waxay ku dhamaatay guul. In 1168, hoos imaanaya hoggaanka isbahaysiga amiirrada Andreya Bogolyubskogo qabtay Kiev iyo in la qiyaamay wuxuu ka dhacay, ka dib markii taas oo ah magaaladii aan marnaba soo kabsaday. Its muhiimadda siyaasadeed hoos u dhacay, iyo Galich, on lid ku ah, waxay ahayd xarunta of Western Russia.

Jaroslav hogaaminayo siyaasad firfircoon shisheeye, gelidda gaashaanbuur iyo dagaalka ka dhanka ah Hungary iyo Poland. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyadoo dhimashada on Osmomysl Galicia bilaabay dirir. Wiilkiisa iyo bedelka, Vladimir Yaroslavich qiray sarraynta ee Prince Rostov ee Vsevolod Nest ee Big. Oo wuxuu la dagaallamay mucaaradka Boyar iyo waxaa ugu danbeyn laga saaray magaaladoodii. In uu meel la odhan jiray Volyn Prince Roman Mstislavovich, isu keenidda labada qaybood ee ah madax dhexe oo xoog leh.

Association of Galicia iyo Volyn

Roman Mstislavovich - duwan amiirradii hore Galich - ahaa farcankii toos Vladimira Monomaha. Sida laga soo xigtay hooyadiis, wuxuuna ka mid ahaa qof qaraabo ah oo guri ammaan talada haya Polish. Ma aha la yaab leh in ilmo soo bixiyey in Krakow.

dhimashada Vladimir Yaroslavich Roman ka dib Galich yimid, wada jir ah ula ciidanka Polish, oo isaga laga siiyey boqorkii soo ag - uu xulafo. Tani waxay dhacday 1199. Taariikhda waxaa loo arkaa maalinta abuurka hal kibir Galicia-Volyn. History of Western Russia muddo this waa dhafista xiiso leh siyaasadda Slavic Dr Makumbe.

Roman Mstislavovich laba jeer qabsaday Kiev, laakiin uu amiirku ma uusan helin, oo carshiga ka mid ah dadka deegaanka aamin ah kii isu helay poluvassalnoy ku xiran tahay isaga. mudnaanta weyn taliyaha Galician ahaa ururka of taxane ah oo ololayaal ka dhanka ah Polovtsian, taas oo saameyn ku labadaba reer galbeedka iyo bariga Russia. Dagaal la guuraa ah, Roman billaabeen inay gargaar ka mid ah qaraabada oo dhan kama uu guri ammaan Rurik ah. Waxaa jira aragti la xaqiijin waa in 1204, ka dib markii dayrta ee Constantinople isaga u qaxeen musaafuriyay Emperor Alexios III Angelos.

Dagaal for aabbeheed Daniel dhaxal

Roman Mstislavovich ku dhintay 1205 ka dib markii shil ugaarsiga ah. Wiilkiisa Daniel ahayd oo kaliya ilmaha dhashay. boyars Galician ka faa'ideystay this, isaga loo diiday carshiga. naftiisa oo dhan, Daniel la aristocracy caasiyoobay, amiirradii Ruush iyo deriska galbeedka xaq u diriray inuu ku soo laabto dhaxal aabbihiis. Waxay ahayd xilligii dhalaalaysa oo dhan cayn kasta oo dhacdooyinka ka buuxsamay. Waxa ay ahayd inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Daniel Romanovich Western rus gaadhay barwaaqo dhaqaale iyo siyaasadeed.

amiirka awoodda ahaa fasalka serviceman, iyo dadka deggan magaalooyinka, kuwaas oo ay taageerayaan taliyihii Wanaajiya. In ka sano ah nabad iyo barwaaqo, Daniel caawiyay koritaanka iyo Daar wayn cusub iyo xarumaha wax laga gato, si ay u soo jiidato ganacsi baayacmushtariyaashii iyo kuwii farsamo xirfad leh. Markii la dhisay iyo Lviv Hill.

Da'da dahab ah ee Western Russia

Markay qaan, in 1215 wiil ahaa Prince of Volyn. dhaxalka iyo ka noqday hantida ugu weyn. In 1238, ugu dambeyntii ayuu u soo noqday madax u ahaa Galich, iyo bilo yar ka qabtay Kiev. kaco The awoodaha cusub hortagi duulaankii Mongol ah. Back in 1.223 Daniel dhallinyarada ahaa ee ka kooban isbahaysiga amiir Slavic qaybgalay ee Battle of Kalka ah. Markaas Mongols ka fuliyeen weerar maxkamad steppe Polovtsian. Adkaadeen ciidamada huwanta, ay ka fariistay, laakiin yimid ka dib markii goor dambe 30-mada. Marka hore, ee Russia North-Eastern uga xunyihiin. Markaasaa waxaa u timid Warega dhaxalka Daniel. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in Mongols leeyihiin sicad poistrepali oo ciidankiisa, wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay ka fogaadaan halligaad weyn sida balliga Oka iyo Klyazma.

Daniel isku dayeen in ay la halista Mongoliyaan dagaalamaan by gelidda gaashaanbuur la leedahay dalalka Catholic. Marka Galician rus iyo Western Europe wada oo ku baayacmushtaray midba midka kale. Rajeyneysa in ay caawiyaan, Daniel xataa inay aqbashay inay horyaalka reer boqor ka Pope, iyo in 1254 oo ahaa boqorkii dalka Russia noqday.

Xooggiisu ahaa on par leh Poland awood iyo Hungary. Waqti uu ku Russia North-West soo gaartay ay Saliibiyiintu ka, iyo ku-waqooyi bari ee Mongols ah, Daniel guulaysteen, inay nabadda ee hantidoodii. in 1264 uu ku dhintay, tegaayo dhaxalka u weyn in Caruurtooda.

The hoos u dhac iyo khasaaro of madaxbanaanida

Carruurta iyo farac ka mid ah Daniel awoodi waayeen in ay ilaaliyaan madaxbannaanida siyaasadeed ka West ah. Galich iyo Volyn dalka waxaa loo kala qaybiyay Poland iyo Lithuania, oo qaatay in ka badan madaxda hore ee Ruush by guurka saldanadii, oo ku andacoonaya of ilaalinta ka Mongols ah. In 1303 dhacay dilal u gaar ah, kaas oo si toos ah hoos timaada Wadaad of Constantinople waxaa la aasaasay gobolka.

Dagaalka oo la Russia badan dariska galbeedka marka Poland iyo Lithuania lagu kala qaybiyey dhaxalkii Galicia-Volyn. Tani waxay dhacday 1392. Si dhakhso ah, labada dal saxiixay urur shaqaale oo ay u sameeyaan hal Rzeczpospolita ah. Ereyga "Western Russia" ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u noqdaan shinka.