Waa kuwee yaroow Wadaajiyey Aaway? Tani waa su'aal xiiso leh oo ku saabsan jagada qastaan ee Russia

Ka mid ah isku duba riday oo da 'ah 18-19 waxaa loo qoondeeyey kala duwan oo ka mid ah kooxaha. Oo xiiso gaar ah waa yaroow possessional oo la Wadaajiyey Aaway. Waa qeyb weyn isku duba riday, kaas oo si rasmi ah loo arkaa in ay hantida gobolka, laakiin dhab ahaan u sakhiray in ay dhiig-miirashada daran by mulkiilayaashii warshadaha iyo warshadaha.

Sheekada ee addoonsi yaroow category

qarnigii XVII ee taariikhda Russia haatan waa wakhti uu dhalashada ka sprouts ugu horeysay ee shuuciyad. By boqornimadii Alexei Mikhailovich waa muuqaalka kore ee manufactories, oo ay ku jiraan Buurtayda Urals ah. From xaqiiqda iyo dhacdo la xidhiidha of fikradaha sida beeralayda la Wadaajiyey Aaway. Tan waxaa loo sharxay by baahida loo qabo in la isticmaalo ka shaqeeya shirkadaha cusub ee shuruudaha kaliya dhameystiro (ee 1649) ee serfdom. All ku qastaan ee mudadaas waxaa loo kala qaybiyey laba kooxood oo waaweyn: serfs ah iyo chernososhnye (state).

Midkii kowaad wuxuu u ma laga yaabaa in si xor ah loo soo kiraystay, oo ugu dambaysta ayaa ka caga jiidayay in ay macdanta iyo shaqada qodniinka- oo xidhiidh la leh darnaanta shaqada. In macnaha guud ee ganacsatada ka codsaday gargaar gobolka a of yaraanta daran ee shaqaalaha. Dabayaaqadii bilaabaan in ay sheegtaan in ay ku qastaan dhirta gobolka la shardi ah in breeders, waxayna u bixin lahaa cashuurta iyo baadda ah iyo Abaal Marintooda Sugan. In mustaqbalka dhaqanka ee aaneeyay kordhiyay in warshado gobolka.

The yaroow loo aaneeyey inay warshadaha

Markii hore, shuqulka yaroow loo qoondeeyey warshado ka, ayaa la arkay sida boon - taas macnaheedu waa caawimo ku meelgaar ah xagga dambe ee shaqada warshad, sida: Qoryaha shixnad, dhuxusha, iron ore, birta. Waxaa loo maleeyey in beeralayda yeelan doonaan in ay ka shaqeeyaan lacagta in aad bixiso doonaa breeders State ee bixinta Sakada ay. Laakiin si tartiib tartiib ah wax ka bedelay. Maamulka Warshadda ayaa waxaa iyo aad u badan soo jiitay in ka shaqeeya off ah yaroow, kuwa badan oo iyaga ka mid ah ayaa noqday macdan qodayaasha. Shuqulladan oo dheeraad ah ayaa la bixiyaa, laakiin ugu yaraan. yaroow Wadaajiyey Aaway hoos Peter 1 bilaabay qaadashada lacag sugeysayna guud Russia shaqo warshadaha lagu jiro shaqada beerta xagaaga. Farmer la faras - 10 senti, iyo horseless - 5 senti. Laakiin, sida caadiga ah ee Russia, sharciyada aan had iyo dhaqan. Oo tan iyo markii ay lagama maarmaan ahayd in la codsado in ay ka shaqeeyaan kasta oo "nin naftiisa", xubin qoyska dadka waaweyn in ay ka shaqeeyaan muddo sannad ah ee warshadda for aabbihiis jir ah, wiilal yar yar awoodaan. Iyada oo maamulka warshadda xaqiijisatay xaq u leeyahay inuu ku ciqaabo shaqaalaha sakhiray. yaroow Wadaajiyey Aaway loo arkaa enslavement. Waxaa ka tagay ilaha ku qoran badan oo cabashooyin ka mid ah milkiilayaasha warshad, iyo muran ka muhiimsan waa in ay ka qayb dhaqdhaqaaqa anti-dowladda, gaar ahaan kacdoonkii Emelyana Pugacheva. Sayidka, booska uu ka qastaan loo aaneeyey inay u geedka, waxaa suurtagal ah in Gallobayse in serfdom.

yaroow possessional

Tan iyo 1649 xayiran monoboli ah noblemen iyo boyars in hantida u ahaa reer qastaan, oo ay ku jiraan suurtogalnimada ay sale. Laakiin Butros 1 soo wajahay baahida loo qabo in ay caawiyaan bourgeoisie ee curdinka xallinta arrinta shaqada ee warshadaha ay. Sidaa darteed, sharciga waxaa loo soo saaray in 1721, taas oo u oggolaanaysa in iibka ah ee manufactories yaroow kuwii gobta ahaa, si aad u sameysato ganacsigooda khaaska ah u gaar ah. Kooxdani waxa ay bulshada waxaa loo yaqaan yaroow possessional. Iyagu ma iibin karo ama mortgage sooci dhirta iyo isticmaalaan shaqada inay shuqullo shisheeye. Sayidka, gobolka dhulgoosadka xalin dhibaatadda of yaraanta shaqada ee warshadaha yar yar Ruush. Sayidka, ee yaroow qarnigii 18aad la Wadaajiyey Aaway - tani ma aha possessional. In mustaqbalka, ratio ee shuruudaha la beddelo.

Wadaajiyey Aaway possessional iyo beeralay qarnigii 19

By qarnigii 18aad, dowladda joojiyay dhaqanka ee la wadaajinaysaan in ay dhirta ka mid ah yaroow gobolka. Tani waxay fasireysaa xasillooni joogtada ah ee Urals iyo cabashooyinka ee milkiilayaasha. In 1807, Alexander I qaaday tallaabo xagga tirtiridda kooxdan oo ah beeralayda. Inta badan oo iyaga ka mid yihiin dhaafi shuqullada khasab ah ay guushu ku geedka, waxaa ku hadhay ugu yaraan loo baahan yahay si loo hubiyo in hawlgal joogto ah. Nasiib darro, bixinta waxay khuseysaa oo keliya in ay Urals ah. ereyga "yaroow Wadaajiyey Aaway" baaba'aa si waafaqsan booska ee 1807. Tani, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma ka dhigan tahay dabargoynta ee dhiig-miirashada ee yaroow in dhirta oo dhan. Tiro kooban oo yaroow hadhay hoose ee breeders, wuxuu noqday yaqaan "shaqaalaha maarmaan." Waxay si rasmi ah noqday dhigantaa la qastaan possessional. Kaliya ka dib markii la baabiiyo of serfdom warshadaha Ural iyo warshado kale lagu qasbay in ay u guuraan shaqada kiraystay.

Qaar ka mid ah tirakoobka

Waayo, markii ugu horeysay ee xaqiiqda ah ee diiwaangelinta ka mid ah yaroow in ay warshado ku taariikhda dib ugu 1633 sano, iyo marka la eego tirada, waxay ahaayeen saddex boqol oo wax yar ka badan dadka. Inta badan si firfircoon habka this ka dhacay qeybtii hore ee qarnigii 18-kii, ka dib markii casriyeynta ee Peter. By dhammaadkii qarnigii 18aad, this category in ka badan 312 000 oo qof. Ka dib markii dib u habaynta ee 1861, in ka badan 170,000 beeraley ah ay heleen possessional doonista boqorka-liberator.