The dheer barbar - dhulbaraha

Baahida loo qabo in si sax ah loo ogaado meesha uu saaran yahay dhulka iyo waxyaabaha ay ku hareereysan noqday gaar ahaan khuseeya qof qaba bilowgii daraasadda firfircoon ee caalamka.
wadataa Geographic - loolka iyo dhigaha - waxaa go'aamiya dhibic ka mid ah isgoyska of laba xadhig khayaali ah - isbarbar iyo loolalka. isku midka ugu dheer ee qaboobaha ah oo bilaabmaa - dhulbaraha.

Asalka magaca

line An khayaali ah in la aasaasay oo ku saabsan dusha sare ee dhibcood dunida dacaladeeda ku yaal meelsha labada ulaha laga gelin lahaa, meeraha a qaybiyaa laba barka, labada barka. Eraygii magaca soohdinta noocan oo kale ah uu leeyahay xididada qadiimiga ah. Latin «aequator», goolka barbaraha, la aasaasay ka falka «aequō» - simo. In dhaqanka caalamiga, "dhulbaraha" soo galay luqada Jarmalka, ka Äquator.

Ereygan wuxuu leeyahay macnaha guud. In joomateri ee jirka saddex dhinac-cabbir ah isagoo labada dadab iyo in ay labada dhidibka iyo diyaarada dhabanada, waxa ay leedahay ay dhulbaraha, oo ay barbar dheer - isgoyska of dusha sare ee jirka la diyaarad dhabanada. In xiddigaha yaqaan in dhulbaraha samadu, dhulbaraha magnetic of meeraha ama star.

Land - waa geoid ah

aaminsan in dhulka uu yahay qaab disc flat, loo warsaday kaliya by culimada Giriigga ee hore. u caddaatay by dhammaadkii qarnigii XIX ah, in qaab reer dhulkeenna - ma ahan oo kaliya gudbikaraa kaamil ah, laakiin waa jidh gaar ah rogista cajaladda - geoid ah, dusha sare ee kaas oo saameeyay arrimo badan - ". dabayl runtan" ciidanka of cuf u Laba dhibcood geoid lagu qeexay by its dhidibka of wareeg - waa Waqooyiga iyo Koonfurta Pole. Meelsha iyaga ka waa midka ugu dheer on Earth, dhulka "dhexda" - dhulbaraha.

Laakiin geoid ma aha saxda ah, laakiin keliya qiyaastii sharaxayaa qaabka caalamka. Taasi waxay noqon lahaa ay ka maqan yihiin buuro iyo dooxooyin, haddii ay jiraan oo kaliya ay ahayd mid deggan, dusha loo igmaday ee badaha adduunka ee. Heerka Tani waxay ka ciyaartaa door muhiim ah navigation iyo geodesy - warbixinta isaga ahaanshaha calamado toosan for goobaha farsamada iyo injineernimada kala duwan.

Dhererka dhulbaraha

Fahmaan oo midka ugu dheer ee suurtogalka ah oo ku saabsan qiimaha gaarka ah ee cabbirka joomateri ee geoid ah. gacan The Dhulbadhaha, sida wareegyada, "horyimid" on oogada Dhulka, loo siman yahay si gacan ka mid ah caalamka. cabir sax ah u muujiyaan in u dhimaya nabadgelyada this kala duwan ee qaybaha kala duwan ee caalamka - gacan horjeeda waa 21.3 km ka yar Equatorial ah. Qiimaha celcelis - 6371 km

Sida laga soo xigtay goobada caanaha - 2πR - xisaabi kartaa dhererka dhulbaraha. heerarka kala duwan ee fiisikada qeexo tirada la farqi ah oo ku saabsan 3 m in celcelis ahaan - 40075 km. goobada ee suusho ah - 40.007 km, taas oo daliil u ah tayada joomateri gaar ah geoid.

eber Latitude

Grid, kaas oo la daboolay dunida dacaladeeda ah - model caalamka muuqaalka - 360 loolalka foomka ku biiro labada ulo 180 iyo khadadka siman dhulbaraha, qaybiyey xubnihii ulaha 90 on labada dhinac waxaa ka mid ah. asalka ah ee dhigaha tan iyo 1884 waxaa loo arkaa inay suusho dhuray dhex Observatory Greenwich ka, ee ku taalla koonfur-bari ee caasimadda Ingiriiska. isku midka ugu dheer in kala qaybinaya caalamka ee barka ah waqooyiga iyo koonfurta - asalka ah ee lool.

Isku duwaha - this qiimaha angular, cabiraa digrii. Longitude - xagal u dhexeeya diyaarada marayay eber - Greenwich - suusho iyo mid ka dhigan line a xira pole dhulka iyo barbaro iyada oo barta. Si bari ee Greenwich 180 ° dhigaha bari oo wuxuu u yeedhay inay wax wanaagsan, xagga galbeed - waxa ay leedahay qiimo negative iyo waa in loo gudbiyaa sida galbeed.

dhibcood ka ulihiina meelsha si ay u sameeyaan diyaarada Equatorial. gacan The laga bartamaha dunida dacaladeeda, iyada oo hal dhibic siiyey oo ay dusha sare, la xirrira la diyaarad this xagal kuwaas oo magnitude waa loolka ah. isku midka ugu dheer ayaa eber lool. Waqooyiga Dhulbadhaha, xagal this waxaa loo arkaa positive - ka 0 ° ilaa 90 °, koonfurta - xun.

Calaamadaha iyo cibaadaysi

Dhulbaraha - kaliya xuduud milaratigooda oo u dhaxaysa laba barka, laakiin waxa uu mar walba ku kiciyey caasinimada aadanaha. Badmaax oo ka yimid dalalka kala duwan oo go'aansaday in ay u hoggaansamaan cibaadaysi gaar ah marka gudbaya loolka ku eber, gaar ahaan kuwa ku samayn markii ugu horeysay. Halkee dhulbaraha maraa meel deggan, wariyaasha ka taagay calaamadaha gaarka ah iyo dhismayaasha ka dhigaya shuruud line dhabta ah. dalxiisayaal Rare seegi fursad ay ku la hal lug ee koonfurta, oo tan kalena waxay istaagaan - in Safra waqooyiga. Markaas illoobin magaca dunida ugu dheer isku midka ah, ma suurtowdo.

Laakiin waxaa jira a gobollada ku dhow-Equatorial oo ka mid ah dhulka iyo sifooyinka kale ee u gaar ah iyaga siin qiimo gaar ah. jiidashada The gravitational waa wax yar ka yar latitudes kale oo dunida dacaladeeda dardar wareeg dheeraad ah. Tani waxay ka badbaadiyaa badan oo shidaal gantaal in la keeno pride galay falagiisuu. No soo beegay in ee Equatorial Guiana French xeebta South American waa bilaabo adag meel ugu waxtarka badan ee - Kourou spaceport.