Mawduuca ku saabsan daraasadda Biology Guud waa set oo ah hawlgaladii ka danbeeya arrin nolosha

Dabiiciga ah ma aha oo kaliya mid ka mid ah daraasadaha ugu horeysay aadanaha oo ka mid ah goobaha asaasiga ah ee sayniska, laakiin sidoo kale element muhiim ah in ay horumar u tahay ilbaxnimada. Mawduuca ku saabsan daraasadda Biology Guud waa set oo ah hawlgaladii ka danbeeya arrin nolosha. Chief iyaga ka mid ah: soo taranka iyo ontogenesis, hiddo iyo kala duwanaansho, horumarka taariikhiga ah ee dhirta iyo xayawaanka noocyada iyo doorashada dabiiciga ah. In this article waxaan eegi doonaa iyaga at si faahfaahsan.

Doorka maaddooyinka taariikhda dabiiciga ah ee horumarinta bulshada

cilmiga noolaha codsatay hawlan baadhitaanka la taaban karo oo ka mid ah ifafaale kor ku xusan ee dabiiciga ah, iyadoo la isticmaalayo natiijada horumarinta warshadaha casriga ah ee biology guud - cell iyo injineernimada hidde, bayotechnoolajiyadda, iyo genetics dadweynaha. horumarinta degdegga ah ee technology warshadaha iyo habka of Caalamiyeynta dhaqaalaha dunida waxaa lagu qasbo saynisyahano si ay u galaan in baaritaanno dhab ah oo ku saabsan arrimaha amaanka deegaanka ee nidaamka dabiiciga ah.

Sida sayniska naturalistic, cilmiga bayoolajiga guud qaabka ugu adag ee ururka nolosha, dadka-noocyada, iyo sidoo kale heerarka kala duwan ee nidaamka dhawrista iyo biosphere ah.

Taariikhda horumarka aqoonta noolaha

saynis ah in daraasad dabiiciga ah ee ay kala duwanaanta oo dhan, waxa uu ku dhashay waxyaalaha moolka dheer oo aqoonta aadanaha iyadoo la kaashanayo ku faylosuufiinta ee qadiimiga ah Greece iyo Rome, laakiin noqday kuwa loo yaqaan biology oo keliya qarnigii XIX ah, iyada oo shuqullada J. Lamarck iyo G. Treviranus. Mid ka mid ah da'da weyn ee nidaamo ay tixgeliyaa Taxonomy ku salaysan C. Linnaeus, iyo fataahadda, horraysay ee treatises of Hippocrates, Galen iyo Aesculapius.

shayga waxbarasho ee biology guud waa in la dhiso midnimada noolaha ugu horraysay kelli, ka dibna - heerka gacanta. Xaaladan oo ah aragti cilmiyeed, ee ay soo Ruush evolutionist PF Goryaninovym iyo saynisyahano Jarmal M. Schleiden iyo T. Schwann caddeeyeen in qaab aasaasiga ah ee nolosha on Earth - Waa unug. R. Virchow jeediyay mabda'a "nool - ka ku nool" joojiyo in ay wada hadal ku saabsan suuragalnimada in qarnigan lama filaan ah noolaha saynisyahano ka nonliving arrinta.

Cytology by hababka sida centrifugation, microscopy electron, habka lagula soconayo, daraasaad qaabka prokaryotes iyo unugyada nucleated iyo aasaas u ah horumarka mowduucyo wax ku ool ah ee sayniska dabiiciga ah: histology, genetics, taranta.

mabaadi'da dheefshiidka ee nidaamka nool

cilmiga bayoolajiga Guud ma aha oo kaliya ka kooban kiimikada iyo qaab-dhismeedka of noolaha, laakiin sidoo kale habka ka danbeeya ay dheef. Kiimikada noole dhiso regularities of falcelinta dhiska, sida photosynthesis ee dhirta. Waxa kale oo ay baarayaa biosynthesis borotiinka (qoraal iyo geedi socodka turjumaad), ayaa go'aaminaya shuruudaha lagama maarmaanka u ah dareen diidmo ah dissimilation bixinaya unugyada reserve tamarta loo baahan yahay sidii u taagoo of NADPH iyo ATP.

Tan iyo shayga waxbarasho ee biology guud waa heerka kelli ah ee nolosha, si dhab ah loo tixgeliyo falcelinta ee catabolism. Under xaaladaha laylinta, unugyada xayawaanka daydaa 36 jiirarka ee ATP ka Britain kasta oo glucose ee reactions of wareegga Krebs ah.

Geedaha iyo fangaska in reactions shiid tamarta ee xaaladaha anaerobic sidoo kale dhegi C ₃ H ₄ O ₃ ilaa khamriga ethyl, iyo oggol yahay - in ay jėrto. triphosphate adenosine - Laakiin xaaladaha oo dhan, ee u taagoo ee tamarta arrinta ku dhexsameeysmo jirka.

Sida aad arki karto, mawduuca daraasaddan Biology Guud waa farsamo-shiid. The wakiillo ka socda duurjoogta uu baxa qayb ka mid ah ensaymes ee pathways lagmamaarmaanna la mid ah. Tani waxay muujinaysaa midnimada asalka ah ee nolosha ka foomamka unugyada isirka u caadi ah. In si faahfaahsan ku filan arrinka daboolay qaybtan sayniska dabiiciga ah sida aragtida ah ee horumar.

Fundamentals of biology guud

magaca waxa uu leeyahay anshaxa dugsiga naturalistic soo bandhigay manhajka, laga bilaabo fasalka 9. Thanks to mabaadi'da sayniska iyo didactic oo joogtada ah, ardayda dugsiga sare ku bartaan oo ku saabsan duur-joogta, barbaro on aqoonta koorsada of cilmi barasho dhir, cilmi barasho xayawaan, anatomy. Si ay u sameeyaan sawir buuxa oo ah nooca carruurta - hawsha ugu muhiimsan ee waxbarasho.

Aasaaska of Cytology, ontogeny, qaabka dhaxal - in barataa biology guud. Mowduucyada sidoo kale u huray in taariikhda horumarka dunida organic iyo waxyaabaha aasaasiga ah ee ecology, horseeda in xal dhab ah in maskaxda ardayda iyo ka qayb horumarka buuxa ee qofnimadooda.