Waxa ugu weyn ee Russia. The guulaha weyn cilmiyeed iyo farsamo ee Russia

Maanta waxaan ku nool nahay dunida meesha ay ka jirto ku dhawaad waa wax kasta oo qof jeclaan lahaa for. Laakiin waxa aan ahaa had iyo jeer. Humanity waa muddo dheer oo ay adag tahay in la abuuro xaalado sida. Way adag tahay in la qiyaaso in dadka loo isticmaalaa in lagu sameeyo iyada oo faa'iidooyinka ilbaxnimada casriga ah. Russia, dabcan, waa engine ee horumarka. Qof kasta oo ka mid ah dalkeenna weyn waa in ay ogaadaan oo ku saabsan guulaha ay kuna faani iyaga ka mid ah. Tani waa sharaf, hidaha iyo taariikhda.

Laambad iyo radio

guulaha Sayniska of Russia mahad adduunka oo dhan sida kaalin weyn horumarka ilbaxnimo oo dhan ah aadanaha oo casri ah. ka mid ah kuwo ku saabsan oo aan og nahay dugsiga, laakiin waxaa lagu yaqaan inta badan ee wareegyada dhuuban (kiiskan ay qiimaha waa aan ka yarayn).

Maanta, waxaa jira nal ee guriga kasta ah, laakiin waxa aan ahaa had iyo jeer. The nal ugu horeysay Nuuri sababta oo ah Injineerada Ruush PN Yablochkov iyo A. N. Lodyginu (1874tii). Marka hore, ay abuurtay lama aqoonsan yahay guriga, oo waxaa ku qasbay si ay u horumariyaan fikrado ay dal qalaad. Dabcan, wax badan oo waqti iyo dadaal badan geeyey, saynisyahano si ay u abuuraan kulan nalalka yar. gacan ka badan in ay horumar laambadda ka sameeyey Thomas Edison American, laakiin waxay abuurtaa ah saynisyahano horeysay Ruush!

Radio - guulaha Russia ayaa, si jirka ah cajiib iyo injineer koronto Alexander Popov mahad (1895). Qiimayn dheeraad muhiimadda ay leedahay radio waa mid aad u adag tahay in taariikhda aadanaha. Abroad inta badan loolan eegidda of Alexander Stepanovich, laakiin waxaa jira caddayn aad ku xaqiijisid. By habka, ka been abuurtay oo ka qayb ka mid ah Professor lagu aqoonsaday Russia mar, taas oo uu abaal.

Diyaarad helicopter oo

In la gaaro Russia iyo waxqabadka dadka ay horumarinta diyaaradaha casriga ah waa carqalad ee dabiiciga ah. Hogaamiyaha ciidamada Ruush iyo hindisa Mozhajskij AF labaatan sano ka hor ay la isticmaalo galbeedka maskax dhismaha iyo guul of weelka Cirka. In 1876, uu ahaa kii ugu horeeyay ee dunida inay si raaxo leh u duuli on ayuu ka abuuray faragooysta ah, iyo ka dib soo bandhigay diyaarad ugu horeeyay dunida ee ay engine shiilayo (1882).

diyaarad ugu weyn Sikorsky II Been replenishes liiska "guulaha weyn ee Russia". Uu qaddar ahaa sida in lagu qasbay inuu soo socdaalo Maraykanka, sidaas Maraykanka ayaa sidoo kale ku faraxsanahay natiijada shaqada of this naqshadeeye cajiib ah. Igor ayaa abuuray diyaarad adduunka ee ugu horeeyay ee afar-engine (1913), afar-engine Qarax culus iyo diyaaradaha rakaabka ah (1914), seaplane a transatlantic iyo helicopter design-hal rotor (1942). Waxaa xusid mudan in fikradaha ugu dambeeyay uu soo bixitaankii Mareykanka, inkastoo uu jiro hindisa ah waqti aad u adag.

saynisyahano Ruush - engine ee horumarka

Horumarka tignoolojiga waxaa kala saari Karin xidhiidh la alifay Ruush sida sliders II iyo Kostovich OS

II Guurguurtayaal naftooda iyo dalkooda ku ammaanmay, abuurista engine uumi ah iyo laba-dhululubo engine uumi ugu horeeyay dunida ee (1763). Yaree kala duwan ee codsiga of engine uumi la shiidaa lahayn, Been, kuwaas oo dunida oo ruxay.

Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in engine sari gudaha ugu horeysay iska G. B. iyo Daimler ayey u. Laakiin waxaa sidaas ma aha, wax yar ka hor (in 1879) horumarinta engine petrol ayaa bilaabay OS Kostovich. engine waxay ahayd qayb ka mid ah waxay Been Abuuran uu: .. Blimp, gujis, iwm Waxa uu marka hore loogu tala galay model ah engine multi-dhululubo, muunad ah oo loo qaaday oo aasaas u ah aaladaha casriga ah. By jidka, Rodina Ogneslava Stepanovicha - Astro-Hungary, laakiin waxa loo arkaa a Ruush hindisa, sida uu nool oo ka shaqeysta halkan.

Been saynisyahano laga gudbo caalamka

dadka cajiib ah noloshooda sooco, sayniska iyo Been, sidaas darteed waxaa jira guulaha weyn. Russia, dabcan, waa in ay si taxadar leh more ahayd in ay la xiriiraan dadka cusub fikrado, shaqada iyo aaminsan in guusha dhaqaaqin horumarka farsamada dunida. Sayidka, SP Queens, mid ka mid ah aqoonyahaniinta top berrinkii rocketry bannaan iyo Dhismaha maraakiibta, waxaa la xiray iyo jirdilay.

Under hoggaanka Sergei Pavlovich Russia ugu horeysay ee taariikhda aadanaha ayaa satellite macmal ah dhulka (1957). Wax yar ka dib saldhigga "Luna 2" markii ugu horeysay ee taariikhda dunida ayaa iska qaaday dhulka iyo wax kale meel istaagay, annaga oo ogaaney Laydhka diyaarad ay Midowga Soofiyeeti on Moon ee (1959). Tani xal runtan si kor loogu qaado sharafta USSR ee dunida.

guulaha Sayniska ee saynisyahano Ruush

Russia ayaa had iyo jeer dadka shaqada iyo gunaanad sameeyey sayniska inay si degdeg ah umuuruhu. guulaha Sayniska of Russia, iyada oo aan taas oo ay jirto ma aan samayn karo aan dunida, u muuqday in ay saynisyahano socda mahad:

1. MV Lomonosov (1711-1740 GG.) First diyaariyey mabda'a ilaalinta ee arrinta iyo mooshin, waxaan helay jawi on Venus, oo waa in aad ka galaas-qaadashada ka qayb qaatay. The miday ee Mikhail weerarada ay furitaanka weli jawaab ah ee sayniska bulshada.

2. NI Lobachevsky - xisaab cajiib ah, "aabaha" joomatari non-Euclidean.

3. D. I. Mendeleev. sayniska Ruush dad badan waxa ay la wadaajisaan Abuuraha reer miiska wareegsan xubno kiimikada (1869).

Russia waa hodan ku yahannada kaalin wayn ka qaadatay horumarinta sayniska iyo qaybaha kala duwan ee nolosha aadanaha.

Koorsada - si loo badbaadiyo nolosha

Ma aha oo kaliya guusha ee Russia, laakiin sidoo kale guul weyn of saynisyahano dunida ku baahsan ayaa loo ogol yahay bulshada caafimaadka in ay qaataan talaabo weyn ee bixinta daryeelka caafimaadka.

Ruush saynisyahan-experimenter ugu horeysay ee adduunka ugu sameeyaa beerista sambabada, beerka, wadnaha (1951). Demihov Vladimir Petrovich abuuray model ugu horeysay ee wadnaha macmal ah ee adduunka ee. tijaabo uu (eey laba-madax 1956) iyo maanta aan ku haboonayn in maskaxda ay ka fog sayniska, laakiin isticmaalka shuqulkiisa maraa sanadka.

MA Novinsky yaqaan in beesha caafimaad sida aasaasihii kansarka tijaabo ah. Xoolaha la tallaalo xoolaha ka dhanka ah carcinogenic (1876-1877 GG.). geneticist Ruush NP Dubinin cadaato qeybinta ah ee hiddo (1930).

Dhaqanka Russia

Ma aha oo kaliya in daahfurtay daawo, sayniska iyo farsamada waxay caan ku tahay dalka, guulaha dhaqanka ee Russia waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan oo dunida ku.

Tirada ugu fiican u yaqaan in jiho oo kala duwan, iyo dhaqanka ee ay guusha:

1. Suugaanta. World Classics ka mid ah shuqulladii by qorayaasha Ruush: Pushkin AS, LV Tolstoy, Bulgakov MA, Dostoevsky, Chekhov AP, AI Solzhenitsyn, Akhmatova AA Tsvetaeva MI iyo qorayaasha kale ee tayo leh. In ka badan hal Qarni ayaa koray oo weli u koraan on hawlahaas. suugaanta Guriga - kibirka iyo nafta oo ka mid ah dadka Ruush.

2. Music. Of muhiimadda weyn ee horumarka ah ee dunida ka mid ah music classical lahaa composers Ruush Glinka MI, Borodin AP, Mussorgsky MP, PI Tchaikovsky, Rimsky-arrimo NA, AN Scriabin, Rachmaninov C .Waxaa., DD Shostakovich iyo fannaaniin kale oo tayo leh. Waxaa xusid mudan oo keliya ma aha ee composers weyn, laakiin sidoo kale qoraaga, waa kuwa caanka ku ah dalkeena. Dadka sida Vysotsky VS, aayadaha Tsoi, Vizbor Yu, B. Okudzhava Sh - lyricists, qaab iyo composers of songs, jeclaaday by dadka Ruush. dhaqanka Ruush waa la malaysan iyaga iyo shaqo la'aan.

3. Art. Ku raaxayso abuurka fanaaniinta, kuwaas oo samayn kartaa wax kasta, laakiin si ay u fahmaan iyaga lama siiyo qof kasta. dalka Ruush waa hodan ku ah dadka tayo leh. Fine farshaxanka iyo shuqulladiisii - kibirka of quruunteenna. fanaaniinta Our oo dunida ku baahsan: Ayvozovsky IK FY Alexeev, KP Bryullov, VM Vasnetsov, Wasarada Levitsky, Ostroukhov WAA, IE Repin, Rublev A ., II Shishkin iyo kuwa kale.

Enumerating guulaha dhaqanka Ruush, waa in aynaan illoobin ku saabsan meelaha sida masraxa, shineemada, naqshadaha iyo farshaxan. Tiro badan oo shuqullada cajiib ah oo aad u qaali sayidkooda Ruush siiyey dadkiisa iyo dunida.

Hormar ay dhowaan

Russia ayaa mar walba awood caalami ah. Our dalka weyn ayaa muddo dheer la qabtay, ama heysta daafaca hogaanka meelo badan. Imisa xalkaas lagu sameeyay sayniska, technology iyo dhaqanka ee taariikhda ee dalka! Laakiin xataa maanta, Hooyo Russia ma aha talanti sabool ah. Xiiso leh maanka, male, damacsanaayeen qurux iyo daahirinteeda ee isku wadanka yihiin si aan u dabaal daahfurtay cajiib ah oo waxtar leh.

guulaha Modern of Russia keenin aqoonsi kaliya ee tirooyinka iyo dalka, laakiin sidoo kale dhiirigelin lacageed badan.

List of guulaha ugu weyn ee Russia ee 2014:

1. Ciyaaraha Olympic Winter ee Sochi (anshaxa).

2. Seynisyahanno ka St. Petersburg horumariyo matoor plasma gano gaar ah, kaas oo abuuray kudhegaas ah in ganacsiga saliidda adduunka oo dhan.

3. naaftada cusub, kaas oo la horumariyo by saynisyahano Ruush ciidanka, iska caabin ah dhaxan kala duwan (analogues la tilmaamayaasha sida in dunida weli).

4. Qubarada St. Petersburg ayaa soo saartay la qaadan karo qalab si loo soo celiyo wareegga dhiigga ee jidhka. Mabda'a hawlgalka ay la mid tahay waxyaalaha qalbiga ku jira aan dabiici ahayn. qalab Tani waxay gaar ah ee noociisa ah in lagu xiro in ambalaas oo badbaadiyo malaayiin nafood.

Waxaa keliya oo liis gaaban, taas oo Russia waa kasbatay kuwa kibirsan. Liiskan kuma jiraan horumarka goobaha sida ciyaaraha, siyaasadda, waxbarashada, military iyo in ka badan. raggiisii waaweynaa oo badan oo aan la illoobi: Ya Gagarin, Kalashnikov MT, PN Nesterov, HADDII Kruzenshtern iyo kuwa kale. Waa wax fiican in ay ku nool yihiin wadan oo dhan guulaha weyn iyo talanti waa ay adag tahay si ay u ururiyaan liiska yar.

The guusha ugu muhiimsan ee Russia

Halkan waxaa kaliya qayb yar oo ka mid ah guulaha ay gaareen degaanno sayniska iyo dhaqanka ee dalka, dhacdooyin muhiim ah in loo sameeyo dunida ixtiraamaan Russia.

Laakiin waa maxay guusha ugu weyn ee Russia? In taariikhda oo dhan lahaa arinta daahfurtay in badan oo waa weyn in eryay horumarinta dhan binu-aadmiga oo, laakiin waxa la oran karo waa sida mudnaanta?! Jawaabtu waa cadahay.

The guusha ugu muhiimsan ee Russia, iyada oo kibir iyo xoog - tayo leh, jecel dalka dadkooda. Masiirka ee Sweden badan waa mid aad u adag, xataa naxdin leh, laakiin waxay sii waday in ay abuuraan, ku abuurta iyo gaaro goolasha ugu badan hami, maxaa yeelay, haddii kale way kari waayeen. Humanity waxaa la isticmaalayo fikrado iyo shuqullada isku wadanka yihiin waa in ay u sheegaan "mahadsanid". Russia qasac leh han, waxa ay leedahay in ogaada kasta oo wanaagsan muwaadin.