Qarax Nuclear - mid ka mid ah calaamadaha horumarka sayniska?

1945 waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay ma aha oo kaliya guusha ee Xulafada ee dagaalkii labaad ee caalamiga ah in ka badan Nazi Germany iyo xulafadeeda, laakiin sidoo kale weli ay dhacdo kale kuweyn. Laba magaalooyinka Japan waxaa lagu halligay kaliya labo bambooyin, mid kasta. Dadka ayaa galay marxalad cusub. Waxaa bilaabay da'da nuclear.

Qarax A nuclear la magac funny "Boy Little" waxay ahayd lacag ugu horeysay abuuray by physicists, wuxuu keeni karaa baabba 'oo baaxad weyn oo ka mid ah cadowga si guul leh u codsatay in dagaalka. diyaarad taariikhi ah B-29, si ay u fuliyaan shaqada this, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in Museum American ee Duulista iyo Astronautics, in uu guddiga duralumin safeeyey ku qoran magaca Taliyaha hooyada markabka, Enola Gay, sida kiiskan. 6 August, tasoo ah koowaad iyo labaad ee saddex maalmood ah, magaalada Nagasaki la sameeyo. Tani waxay bam nuclear sidoo kale magac funny - "Fat Man".

Bamka ayaa marka hore la dhigay fudud quruxsan, "madfac" Mabda '. mass A supercritical of uranium la saaray in jirridda of goosin ka mid ah madaafiic ka qoryaha markabka, iyo dayaca ee amarka, la abuuro lagama maarmaanka u ah ee reaction silsilad ay seal a. Qarax Nuclear lahaa dherer ah saddex mitir, oo miisaankeedu yahay afar tons, oo dharka miisaankiisuna wuxuu la'aan dagaalka ee uranium ah lacag dhan ilaa 64 kiilo, kuwaas oo jawaab kaliya oo ku saabsan 700 garaam. Inta kale ee miisaanka hubka ahaa mid laga cabsado oo ka gabal sheegay foosto, qolof, xasiliya, fiyuusyada iyo qalabka kale ee dugsiga sare.

oolnimada Low, taasoo soo gaaray qarax ugu horeysay ee nuclear sabab u ahayd a yar shucaaca wasakhda ah ee ciidda yar iyo weynba fasalka this hubka awoodda burbur, cabiraa kun oo tan oo TNT loo baahan yahay inuu u keeno dhaawac sida. The "kid" waxay ahayd abbaaraha 15 000 oo tan. Wixii la barbardhigo - payload ugu badan waa isku mid "Superfortress" B-29 ahaa 9 tons. sano iyo afar iyo badh ka mid ah is qarxiyay this lahaa in la sameeyo weera ah maalin walba si ay u keeni cadowga ku saabsan burburinta sida.

Dadka ayaa had iyo intii ka sii weynayd oo hore doondooneen, oo isku dayaya in ay derejeeyo, iyo gaar ahaan berrinkii qalab for burburinta wax nool oo dhan. Ros TNT u dhigma, codsatay technology cusub "israac" iyo xal kale oo xariif ah si loo hagaajiyo ratio of Saamaynta "waxtar leh" hubka qaaradda.

Perigee The xoogga burbur abuuray by physicists, waxay ahayd "sheyga AN 602". Ma aha in ay ahayd wax aan macquul aheyn in la abuuro wax ka sii cabsi badan, aad dareemi kartaa waxa uu noqon lahaa meel.

Bamka ayaa ugu awooda nukliyeerka ee taariikhda dhaqanka ayaa sidoo kale helay magaciisa, in kastoo aan rasmi ahayn, "gruel" ama "Kuzka". Waxa uu abuuray oo dhan ku hanjabay in ay muujiyaan NS Maraykanka Khrushchev, iyo inta lagu jiro XXII Congress of CPSU ah (1961) dhawray inuu ballankiisa.

Marka hore, sida "bang" 100 megatons, laakiin ka qoomameeyay Norilsk Iron iyo Steel Works. Waxaan ku heshiinney on qeybtii u dhigma. dhererka bam - laba iyo toban mitir ah dhexroor - laba iyo badh, jidhka isku mid, ka stomegatonnoy iyo bombolyuk caadiga Tu-95 ma ku haboon ma, u lahaa in ay wax yar ka jar geesaha iyo ka saari duubka. Saamaynta ayaa dhaafo oo dhan laga filayo, ruxruxo lama filaan ah ku kala firidhsanaayeen meeraha saddex jeer ah.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa mar dambe cadaatay in sida bam military nuclear looma baahna, gaarsiinayo in bartilmaameedku yahay dhibaato, iyo xoogaa eedeeyay awood yar u keeni kartaa dhaawac soo horjeeda ee ka badan hal qarax Rafaa.

Waxaa la rajeynayaa in taariikhda khilaafka nuclear oo si ay u buuxiyaan labada bambooyin ugu horeysay hoos 1945.