Noocyada maraakiibta: magacyada la sawiro

Currently markabka waxaa la odhan jiray weel military. Booyadaha, sidayaal bulk, sidayaal bulk, maraakiibta rakaabka, maraakiibta weelka, mawjadaha baraf iyo wakiillo kale oo ka park farsamo ee maraakiibta rayidka ah ama ganacsiga in this category kuma jiraan. Laakiin mar, in maalmaha hore ee navigation Marka dadka uu leeyahay si ay u buuxiyaan bannaan ee cad ee tilmaamaha shiraaca dulmari caddayn ah jasiiradaha cusub iyo xitaa qaaradood, markabka shiraac kasta waxaa loo tixgeliyaa. On guddiga kastaaba wuxuu lahaa qori, iyo kooxda ka koobnaa kuwa ku weheliyana quus diyaar u ah inay wax u sameeyo faa'iido iyo hindiga ee marti fog. Isla mar ahaantaana, ee ka mid ah qarnigii qasan, kala qaybsameen galay noocyada kala duwan ee maraakiibta. List waafaqsan daro casri ah uga yeelilahayn aad u dheer, sidaa darteed waa in aad xoogga on shiraac. Waa hagaag, waxaa laga yaabaa in aad ku dari kartaa qaar ka mid ah doonyaha ku dhibtoonaya.

huuriyo

Si aad u hesho iyaga - share xaalad cakiran. Ciqaabta wakhtiyadii hore sugaya dambiilayaasha naaneys. Oo qadiimiga Masar, iyo Fink, iyo Greece ay ahaayeen. Waqti ka, waxaa jiray maraakiibta kale, laakiin galleys la isticmaalay ilaa qarniyadii dhexe. Ugu weyn ee ciidamada wadista ahaayeen dembiilayaal aad, laakiin iyaga oo ka caawinaya mararka qaarkood waa shiraac, si toos ah ama saddex xagal rakibay on laba ama saddex daqal. By heerarka maanta, maraakiibta, kuwaas oo aan ahaayeen ballaaran, oo ay barakac ay ahayd oo keliya 30-70 tan iyo dherer dhif dhaafto 30 mitir, laakiin wakhtigaas tirada maraakiibta ee guud ma ahaayeen weyn. Kuwii seebab ee saf fadhiistay, sida laga soo xigtay khubaro iyo taariikhyahanadu, aan ka badnayn saddex heerarka siman. Hub ciidan gallery qoreysa ballistae iyo wan qaansada, ee qarniyo ka dib, kuwaas oo hanti military oo kaabaya madaafiic. Stroke, taas oo ah, xawaaraha dhaqdhaqaaqa, ay gacanta ku kormeerayaasha, weydiinaya laxanka daf gaar ah, iyo, haddii loo baahdo, iyo karbaash.

Barki

Noocyada weelashii shiraaca, saffarro yaqaan in yar, laakiin weli qaar ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah waa ay la socdaan si joogto ah u maraya wada maraan iyo regattas caalamiga ah. barge "Sedov" iyo "Kruzenshtern" kaydiyaa Russia. Maraakiibta Kuwani kaliya ma muujiyaan dunida quruxdiisa, laakiin sidoo kale ay gacan waxbarashada badmaax oo dhalinyaro ah, gudbinta waxqabadkooda in xeerkii badda ee Ruushka.

Sidaas daraaddeed, jilif (magaca noocyada yimaado ka Vlaamse erayga «jilif») waa markab la tiro ka mid ah munaaradaha saddex ilaa shan. shiraac oo dhan si toos ah, marka laga reebo an mizzen SNAP uugu (daqal AFT). Shaqaalaha saran - Maraakiibta waa kuwo waaweyn, sida "Kruzenshtern" ayaa dherer ah oo ku saabsan 115 mitir, width a of 14 mitir, shaqaale ka mid ah 70 qof. Tan waxaa la dhisay 1926, markii matoorada uumi hadda baahsan ee ay qaab-dhismeedka joogo iyo awooda kaabayaal unit awoodda ku dhowaad shan iyo toban boqol kilowatts, ku raran yihiin laba propellers garoonka go'an. xawaaraha markabka, oo haatan uma muuqato yar, aadeen koorsada of geynayey gaaro 17 kuus kuus. nooca ballanta, guud ahaan, waa caado ah in badda baayacmushtariga oo ka mid ah XIX qarnigii - Delivery oo xamuul isku qasan, mail oo rakaab ah by khadadka badda.

Brigantine kicisaa shiraac

Dhab ahaantii, geynayey isla, iyadoo laba loox, loo yaqaan Brigantine. Dhammaan noocyada kala duwan ee maraakiibta kala duwan ee ay ujeedada iyo navigability. Brigantines qoondeeyey xawaaraha gaar ah iyo hufnaan. Aadeen isdabamarinta isku qasan on shiraaqii (foremast) dhoofnay si toos ah iyo si uugu grotto ah. Burcad badeed markab jecel badaha. Ilo Historical xuso brigantine waxa loogu yeero "Bermuda Grotto", ie dhoofnay ah saddex xagal, fidiyey dhexeeya liktrosom iyo luff ah, laakiin mid ka mid ahaa xubnaha ugu badbaaday noocyada waxaa laga yaabaa in aan ku faana iyaga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Gudigga waa kuwan oo xiiso leh oo kaliya in ay ku takhasusay.

markab

Sida raxan ka mid ah qaar ka mid ah maraakiibta dagaalka u muuqday, qaar kalena la waayay, halka qaar kalena ay qaadan on macnaha a kala duwan. Tusaale waxaa ah markabka. Aragtidani waxa uu ka badbaaday noocyada dambe sida dagaalka, dreadnoughts , iyo xataa dagaalka. True markab dagaal oo casri ah si qallafsan u dhiganta fikradda ah markabka antisubmarine weyn Soviet, laakiin waxa ay u muuqataa gaaban iyo bartey qurux badan. In dareenka asalka ah, waa weel saddex-masted la sharraxaa ka mid ah qoryaha madaafiicda 20-30. By jidka, "Frigate" ka qarnigii XVII muddo dheer ah lagu daray magac "Dunkirk" ka dhigan tahay isticmaalka ahaaneed meel gaar ah te'atradii badda ee dagaalka, taas oo ku xiga si ay u Pas-de-Calais. style Tani qoreysa xawaaraha gaar ah. Markaas, sida madaxbannaani kordhay gacan ka, ayaa lagu magacaabay si fudud markab. Barakaca - celcelis ahaan markii in, ku dhowaad . 800-1000 m markab The ugu caansan Ruush loo yaqaan "Pallas", waxa ay ku saabsan in 1855, waxaa loo sameeyey duulaan sharaf badan xeebaha bariga Asia hoos amarka Admiral E. V. Putyatina.

caravel

"Waxay ku socdeen sida caravel a ..." - sung ee song pop caan ah. Aan dhib lahayn si ay u sahamiyaan noocyada maraakiibta shiraaca, ka hor inta curinta qoraalka hits mustaqbalka. ammaan A waa yara sug maqlana. Ma aha gabar kasta oo uu doonayo in uu la barbar dhigo awoodda ku sidday ee, doon weyn oo si caddaalad ah oo culus. Ka sokow, sanka caravel sare xoogsheegtay, waxa sidoo kale uglyadet karaa si maldahan la rabin.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inta badan ee noocan ah, dabcan, a guryaha nautical wanaagsan. Waxa uu la og yahay inta badan xaqiiqda ah in Columbus dhigay duulaan si ay xeebaha World New ahaa saddex caravels ( "Santa Maria", "Pinta" iyo "Nina") oo dhan. Dusha, waxay lagu kala sooci karaa at sheegay in taangiyada kacsantahay (sanka dar-tago), iyo sidoo kale SNAP shiraaca. Daqal saddex jib si toos ah, iyo inta kale - oo ka Latin shiraac (uugu).

Ujeeddo - badda dheer iyo safarada transoceanic.

From "caravel" erayga morphologically dhacdaa erayga Ruush "Markabka". Waxaa siiyey magaca iyo diyaarad rakaab Faransiis caanka ah, waa mid aad u qurux badan.

cijiyo

Waayo, dabaasha dhakhso yihiin dhammaan noocyada kala duwan ee maraakiibta. Magacyada maxkamadaha waxaa had iyo jeer ma soo xusuustay, laakiin waxaa ka reeban. U sheeg qof erayga "markab", ka dibna wax walba ka fekeri doonaa wax - qaar ka mid ah "Aurora", ka kale ee "Varyag". About cijiyo waa mid ka kaliya doorasho - "Cutty Sark". Markab Tanu waa jidhkaygii dheer oo dhuuban hoos taariikhda tageen sababo dhowr ah, laakiin ugu weyn oo ugu muhiimsan uu ahaa tayada uu xawaaraha. Samatabbixi shaaha laga Shiinaha, si deg deg ah u keeni mail si deegaanada fog oo uu ku sameeyo amar aad u jilicsan of Queen ayaa laydin siiyaa inaad waxa cijiyo iyo kooxahooda. Oo ay shaqo kuwaas oo weelal ilaa muuqaalka kore ee steamships, iyo mararka qaarkood ka dib.

galleons

Maraya noocyada jir ah maraakiibta, ka mid ma illoobi kartaa oo ku saabsan Armada weyn, horjeeda a of raxan Ingiriiska ee qarnigii XVI ka. unit ugu weyn ee this xoog amaanaa ahaa Galleon Spain. Kulanka kaamilka ah isaga, ma aan yeelan karaan markabka shiraac waqtiga. At ay muhiimka ah waa caravel sare, la superstructure hoos taangiga (isla "furka aad sanka" ayaa ku dhowaad la waayay), iyo jirka ah elongated. Sidaas darteed, shipbuilders Spanish jir ah ayaa soo hagaagay iska caabin ah, yareynta caabiga hirarka iyo, sidaas awgeed, la kordhiyo xawaaraha. Dhaqaajinta ayaa sidoo kale soo hagaagtay. Noocyada kale ee Galleon qarnigii XVI maraakiibta eegay u dhow gaaban iyo mid aad u sareeya (waxaa khasaaro ah goolka in fududahay ahaa in la garaaco). Si kooban Utah (superstructure AFT) iibsaday qaab qaab, iyo shaqaale ka noqday xaaladaha raaxo badan. Waa galleons marka hore u muuqday musqulo (musqulaha), halkan ka asalka ah ee erayga.

Barakaca ee "dagaalka ee qarnigii XVI ee" dhaxaysey 500 ilaa 2 kun. Tan. Waxay ugu dambayntii ayaa mid aad u fiican, waxay lagu qurxiyey sawirro sir ah, iyo sanka oo waxaa madaxa loo saaraa taaj farshaxan heer sare.

schooners

Waxaa jira noocyada kala duwan ee maraakiibta waaweyn, kaas oo noqday "workhorses" loogu talagalay in lagu qaado noocyo kala duwan oo cargoes. iyaga ka mid ah meel gaarka ah ayaa waxaa kujira schooner ah. Waxaa mnogomachtovye maxkamad, lagu gartaa in in ugu yaraan labo ka mid ah ay rigs uugu. Waxay yihiin marselnymi, stakselnymi, Bermuda ama gaff, taas oo ku xidhan waxa ay dhab ahaan ay daqal ku qalabaysan shiraac slanting. Waa in la dhasha maskaxda ku haysaa in xadka u dhaxeeya labada bramselnoy-masted schooner marselnoy ama brigantine oo aad shuruud. nooca Tan waxaa loo yaqaan qarnigii XVII ah. Inta badan faafitaanka uu gaaray in ganacsigaagu Navy Maraykanka, gaar ahaan, Wolf Larsen, qof ee Jack London, iyo raadinta kooxda uu libaaxyo badda waa on board. In la barbardhigo, noocyada kale ee gaadiidka waa adag tahay in la maareeyo (Sida ay George. London habkan xitaa badmaaxa cidlo la heli karo). Inta badan, schooner waxay ahaayeen laba iyo saddex-masted, laakiin waxaa jira xaalado marka SNAP ka badan kuwa Tiro badan ahaa. record Original ayaa lagu wadaa in 1902, markii doonnidii la hoos u biyahay galeen toddoba daqal ( "double Thomas Lawson," Quincy deked markab).

Noocyada kale ee maraakiibta

Photos of sailboats, gaaray regatta caalamiga ah adduunka oo dhan, oo lagu daabacay wargeysyada, wargeysyada iyo bogagga internetka. hits noocan oo kale ah - mar walba dhacdo, quruxda weelashan ma aha dhigma wax kale. Barki, brigantine, corvettes, markab, cijiyo, kechi, yachts yihiin dhammaan noocyada kala duwan ee maraakiibta, ka badbaaday, nasiib wanaag, ilaa maantadan la joogo. lanooga Tani waxay ka Shuqlinayn nolol maalmeedka iyo qaadataa siladda galay qarnigii la soo dhaafay, ka buuxda u quudhin iyo hindiga ee marti fog. Badmaaxe Tani waa xariif farshaxanka navigation shiraaca, sidaas qabaa in dalal badan oo aynu sida si fiican. Fulitaanka ilaa dakhalka, ciidamo shiraac iyo ku neefsaday dabaysha free badda, waxaa suurtagal ah in ay qaataan ay meel maareynta fog casriga ah ee xamuulka qalalan, booyadaha iyo safay safar balkerovozov. Badmaaxe a noocan oo kale ah aad si nabad ah isku hallayn karo qaddar ee shixnadda iyo nolosha rakaabka, isagu ma uu taag darnaan doono.