Bamka ayaa qaaradda: sharka universal, ama talogelin ah, dagaalladii dunida?

History of hubka nuclear bilaabmaa ku daahfurtay of Jacques Curie ee 1939. Markaas saynisyahano ogaaday in reaction silsilad ah qaybo ka mid ah waxaa la socon kara by sii daayo tamarta dhaafsiisantahay. Ka dibna waxa ay noqotay saldhig u tahay hubka nukliyeerka.

Bamka ayaa qaaradda waa hubka burburka culus geysta. In geeddi-socodka ah ee qaraxa la sii daayay sida xaddi weyn oo tamarta on meel yar in qiyaas ah oo ku saabsan dhulka gariir seismic dhacaan.

Arrimaha saameynaya hubka nuclear: a ruxruxo xoog lama filaan ah, kulaylka, iftiinka, ionizing shucaaca, iyo sidoo kale awood garaaca wadnaha electromagnetic. Bamka ayaa qaaradda laga sameeyey oo ku salaysan plutonium. Sidoo kale, uranium loo isticmaalo.

Qaraxa ugu horeeyay ee qaaradda loo sameeyay oo lagu tijaabiyaa Americans July 16, 1945 magaalada Almogordo. Waxaa dunida tusay ciidanka amaanaa hubka nukliyeerka. Markaas, bishii August ee sanadkii la mid ah, hubka cusub ee loo adeegsaday dhanka ah dadka rayidka ah ee Hiroshima iyo Nagasaki. magaalooyinka Japan ayaa ku dhowaad tirtiraa gooyso oo caalamka oo hirarku waa lama filaan ah, oo ka dib ka badbaaday qaraxii ka mid ah dadka deggan dhintay cudurkan ka shucaaca. Waxa ay ahayd mid xanuun badan oo muddo dheer. Isticmaalka US hubka nuclear uu sababay aan wax badan by lagama maarmaan ciidamada, sida ujeedka lagu doonayo in cabsiiyo Midowga Soofiyeeti hub cusub. Dhab ahaantii, waxa ay ku calaamadsan bilowgii Dagaalkii Qaboobaa iyo tartanka hubka.

Stalin unbaa fahamsan yahay guud-mar ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma qaadaan hanjabaad. All ciidamada dalka waxaa lagu tuuray on abuurka ah "jawaab symmetrical" - hubka nuclear Soviet. Guddiga An ad hoc hoos imaanaya hoggaanka L. Beria la aasaasay ee ay horumarka, oo ay ka mid nuurar sida sayniska sida I. Kurchatov, Kapitsa iyo Joffe. documents Jarmal ah kayd uranium oo tayo sare leh Bulgarian qabtay ayaa ka caawiyay si loo hubiyo in mashruuca shidaal ee nuclear, iyo sirdoonka habboon oo ku saabsan US hubka nuclear horumarinta si weyn degdegsiimada.

Information in Midowga Soofiyeeti waxaa si firfircoon horumarinta bam nuclear, ka dhigay US talada haya jecel yahay aqoonyahanada, Sagna dagaal ka hortag ah. Ujeedada this, qorshe loo sameeyay a "qoriga" by kuwaas oo si talaabo military qaadan waxaa loo qorsheeyey 1 January 1950. Waqtigaas, Mareykanka horay 300 bamka nukliyarka. Qorshuhu wuxuu u yeedhay burburinta toddobaatankii magaalooyinka waaweyn ee Soviet.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Midowga Soofiyeeti ku garaaceen kuwa Xad gudbee. In 1949, August 29, ayaa si guul leh u baari qarax ah qaaradda in goobta imtixaanka Soviet at Semipalatinsk. qalabka, kuwaas oo u dhashay magaca code "RDS-1" ah, waxaa hoos at 7 subaxnimo. Dhacdadani waxa ay la ogeysiiyo dunida. imtixaanka Successful hubka nuclear ee 1949 fashiliyay qorshaha of Americans weeraray Midowga Soofiyeeti sababta oo ah hanjabaad aargudasho. Ka dib oo dhan, hadda in Midowga Soofiyeeti ayaa sidoo kale qaraxa qaaradda dhamaatay Maraykanka 'monoboli nuclear. " A, wajiga firfircoon ee Dagaalkii Qaboobaa cusub.

Qarax nuclear Soviet lahaa awoodda 22 kaliya kilotons. Haddaba qalabka thermonuclear awood qaado megatons tamarta burbur. Dadka ku abuuray hub ugu burbur, laakiin joogitaanka hubka sida isaga oo ka dagaallo cusub oo dunida ku hayaa.