The Congress of Berlin ee 1878

Successful weerar iyo qasbo Balkans ciidamada Ruush intii lagu jiray dagaalka Ruush-Turkish, kaas oo ka dhacay sano ee 1877-1878, lagu qasbay in dawlada Turkey ay wakiillo iyaga u gaar ah si ay heshiis xabbad joojin ku soo diri. Natiijada waxa ay aheyd saxiixa ku Treaty of Berlin.

Sida ku cad qodobada Treaty of San Stefano waxaa la sameeyay dawlad madax bannaan - Bulgaria weyn, kuwaas oo dhulka sii kordhiyay Badda Madow u Badda Aegean. Turkey lahaa in ay ka baxaan dhammaan ciidamada ka. Waayo, Russia soo laabtay dalka degmada Akkerman of Bessarabia, taasoo lagu soo qaaday in 1856 at Paris ku Peace Treaty, iyo degmada Izmail. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxa uu siiyaa si loo siiyo lacagta oo ka mid ah kharashka dagaalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Congress Berlin ayaa la siiyey fursad ay ku fuliyaan dhammaan shuruudaha hordhaca ah ee Russia.

In England iyo Austria-Hungary xaaladaha sida sababay dhirif xad-dhaaf ah. Tan iyo qabashada Constantinople iyo cidhiidhi ku ahaa riyo dheer-taagan ee England, iyadu ma awoodi kari waayay inay ka hor isu of Ruush hesho. Intaa waxaa dheer, dawladda Ingiriiska ka cabsaday in mid noqoshada ee Bulgaria gudbikaraa oo saamayn ku caawin doona Russia noqon a awood Mediterranean weyn. Waxaa ugu dhakhsaha badan ku dhawaaqay in dawladda British ma inay aqbalaan shuruudaha nabadda ansax ah.

meel la mid ah la qaatay iyo cadaawad Avsto Hungary, waxay bilaabeen inay u guuraan ciidamada soohdinta Ruush. Wada jir ah ula England, waxay dalbadeen kala iibsiga ee arrimaha "aasaaskiisii oo dhammu waa hordhac ah nabadda" si Congress Berlin ee ka fikiray shir caalami ah. Russia laftiisa laga helay xaalad quus ah, maxaa yeelay, dagaalku waa aloosnayd la England ay keeni karaan cawaaqib musiibo, iyo rajo waayo taageerada Germany waxtarla'aan ahaayeen, inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in uu ahaa BISMARCK dirtay Russia inay la diriraan Turkey. Natiijada xaaladahan ahaa Congress of Berlin, kaas oo lagu qabtay magaalada 1878.

June 13, 1878 International Congress waxaa la furay sanadkii Berlin. Ka qaybgalayaashu waxay ka dhigtay dalalka soo socda: Russia, Germany, England, Turkey, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Mareykanka Balkan iyo France. "Boss" ayaa lagu sameeyaa, dabcan, BISMARCK.

Halganka diblomaasiyadeed ahaa mid aad u kacsan. Treaty of Berlin awooday inay la soo wareegto kaliya hal bil ka dib markii furitaanka shirka.

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in marxaladaha ugu muhiimsan ee go'aanka Congress ayaa lagu xusan heshiiska Anglo-Ruush, xuduudaha Bulgaria ee aan la si cad loo qeexay. markan aad muhiim ugu ah dhammaan xubnaha Congress ahaa, sida baas Balkan ahaayeen muhiimadda istiraatiiji ah oo halis ah.

England, oo waxaa la, iyo Austria-Hungary, ma aan taageero ka Germany ayaa isbedelo waa weyn ee shuruudaha ka mid ah heshiis San Stefano, laakiin waxa uu ahaa mid aad u khasaari ee dadyowga Slavic. Treaty of Berlin ahaa in Monaco Bulgarian waxay noqon doontaa in kastoo madax banaan, laakiin wiilkaagiiba ah, maamuleysay xadiday buuraha Bulgarian. qaybta koonfureed ee madaxbannaani ka heshay qayb ahaan halka qayb ka mid ah Boqortooyadii Cismaaniyadda. Natiijada kale oo ahaa soo laabtay reer Makedoniya hoos xukunka Turkey.

The Congress of Berlin ee 1878 ayaa xaqiijiyay in madaxbannaanida Romania, Serbia iyo Montenegro. Austria-Hungary dhamaadka wada xaajoodka ayaa helay xaq u leedahay in mashquulin Bosnia iyo Herzegovina, oo u dhexeeya dhulka ee dalalkaas soo bandhigay ciidamada Austro-Hungarian. Sayidka, awoodaha doonayay in looga hortago in ay midoobeen oo ka mid ah dalalka deriska la ah Slav. Control badan xeebta Montenegro ayaa sidoo kale bixisaa Empire Austro-Hungarian. Qaadhaanka, kuwaas oo ay ku soo rogeen on Turkey, in 300 milyan oo dhacay. Rubles. Russia helay oo kaliya Kardagan, Batum iyo Kars, Bajazet sidoo kale ku soo laabtay Turkey.

Berlin Congress redrew map of Peninsula Balkan ah , iyo sidaas siiyey kor u dhacyada badan intan yar ee dalka ka badan xaaladda guud ee caalamiga ah ayaa sii xumeeyey. Xitaa ka dib markii xoraynta dalalka Balkan ma joojin in ay saaxadda ah oo iska soo horjeeda xoogagga weyn Yurub.