Pilot Stepan Mikoyan: Biography, sawiro

Stepan Mikoyan - pilot imtixaanka Soviet, diyaaradaha, Hero of USSR ah, haysta oo ka mid ah Amarro of Lenin iyo Banner Cas, Meyeydaan ayaa lala xiriiriyay diyaaradda. Waxa uu ahaa kuwaas oo ahaa mas'uul ka ah maaraynta caanka ah "Buraan" - Shuttle Space, kaas oo u ku imtixaamaa guul weyn in November 1988

carruurnimada

Mikoyan Stepan Anastasovich, kuwaas oo Biography waxaa lagu tilmaamay in this article, waxa uu ku dhashay Tiflis (hadda Tbilisi) 12 July 1922 Aabbaha Anastas Ivanovich Mikoyan ahaa hogaamiyaha xisbiga iyo gobolka Soviet ah si fiican u yaqaan, oo hooyadiis Ashkhen Lazarevna Tumanyan uu. Guurka ahaa muddo dheer ah oo ku faraxsan. In erayadii Stepan Mikoyan, isagu ma uu xusuusan karin hal mar marka waalidku uu isugu cadhoonina ama codkooda la kiciyey. Waxay mar walba loola dhaqmo midba midka kale jacayl badan iyo xishmad.

qoyska Mikoyans ahaayeen shan. Ugu da'da weyn oo iyaga ka mid ahaa Stepan. Isaga oo saddex carruur ka yar oo loo magacaabay ka dib markii commissars Baku caanka - Sergo Ordzhonikidze, Alekseya Dzhaparidze, Stepan Shaumyan iyo Ivana Fioletova, kuwaasoo la Anastas Mikoyan ayaa mar walba xiriirka saaxiibtinimo. ina labaad ayaa loo magacaabay Volodya, sida uu ku dhashay hal sano ka dhimashada ka dib markii VI Lenin. Dhammaan carruurta fasax qaatay cariish ah "Zubalovo". Sida laga soo xigtay Stepan Mikoyan, waxay ahayd meel aad u weyn, ku lifaaqan by derbi leben sare. Oo meel wadnaha waxaa ka mid ah waxaa jira aqalada kale "Zubalovo-2", halkaas oo Stalin la qoyskiisa ku noolaa.

Tan iyo Anastas Ivanovich ahaa halyay caan ah, wuxuu ahaa saaxiibo dad badan oo ka soo ambabaxay ka Iosifa Stalina, taas oo markii danbe laga cadaadiyo. Stepan iyaga oo dhan ogaa, iyo saaxiibada carruurnimada la ina hogaamiyaha Vasiliem Stalinym.

samada hiwaayad

In ka 30meeyada ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay, ku dhowaad wiil dhalinyaro kasta oo doonayay inuu naftiisa ku xirmaan diyaaradda. About samada halka riyoodaan oo ah boqolaal kun oo Soviet dugsiyada. Waxaan ahaa ma laga reebo oo ahaa curadkii Stepan Mikoyan. Intaa waxaa dheer, hiwaayad this ayaa ka caawisay adeerkiis Artem Ivanovich, kuwaas oo wakhtigaas ahaa samaynta diyaaradaha yar yar.

Bishii Agoosto 1940, Stepan Mikoyan, oo ay la socdaan saaxiib Timurom Frunze dhigta dugsiga duulaya Kachin. Sannad ka dib, horraantii September 1941, uu si guul ah ka qalin jabiyay dugsiga ee magaalada Krasny Kut (gobolka Saratov.). Ka dib markii in uu u soo diray inuu ciidankii bedelka 8aad ee ku sugan tuulada yar Sennoy, waqooyiga Saratov. Halkan, wuxuu lahaa haddiiba dib-u-bartaan in ay duusho diyaarad "Yak-1." Bartamihii bishii December ee isla sannadkaas ku saabsan qaybinta Stepan Mikoyan (xaashidan photo soo bandhigay maqaal ah) galo dagaalka ka Ciidankii 11 th, qayb ka mid ah 6-dii IAK PVO iyo ilaalinta samada ka badan Moscow.

War Great Patriotic

Imaanshaha u socdeenna, pilot dhallinyarada ogaadeen in uu ciidankii ka hor inta aanay u duulay si ay u weeraraan Jarmal dhulka ciidamada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhammaan December iyo qayb ka mid ah January 1942, uusan marnaba u suurtagashay in ay u soo duuli on mission ah, sida xaaladaha ba'an ee cimilada uma ay oggolaan si ay u fuliyaan wax hawlaha firfircoon ee hawada. Marka of maalmood degan Stepan Mikoyan noqday ku lug uu diyaarad "Yak-1" ee duulimaadyada ka, ujeedada taas oo ahayd si ay u dedaan Ciidamada Soviet magaalada ee degmada Volokolamsk iyo, gaar ahaan, iyo awr ee General L. M. Dovatora kan sameeyaa waqti ka weerarada waqti leeyihiin territory Jarmal-qabsadeen.

Waa wax qarsoodi ah arrin inta badan, diyaaradaha Soviet hoos dab ka yimid qoryaha lidka diyaaradaha cadowga. Sidaas waxa mid ka mid ah maalmaha January 1942 cadowga qoryaha lidka diyaaradaha dab on our diyaaradaha furay, oo ayan ku jirin cimilada u soo jeestay xun maratay oo waxaa jiray Baraf culus ahaa. Laakiin, inkastoo taasi, koox dad ah uu ahaa awoodaan in ay si sax ah dhul on runway mudan Stepanu Mikoyanu, kuwaas oo meesha jidadka Moscow, ku xiga si ay Aerodrome Dhexe ee Moscow, halkaas oo uu ku dejiyey 11 th Fighter Ciidankii ogaa.

Baabtiiskii dhiigga

Guud ahaan inta lagu jiro xilliga qaboobaha ee 1941-1942. pilot dhalinyaro ah oo qeyb ka ah uu ciidankii ka dhigay 10 duulimaad guul, laakiin 11 daqiiqo ayaa laga yaabaa dilaa ah isaga loogu talagalay. January 16, halka daboolaya Istra uu diyaarad qaar ka mid ah shil qosol ah waxaa ku dhacay Sarreeye labaad 562 th Ciidankii Mihailom Rodionovym. Stepan Mikoyan, kuwaas oo Biography laga yaabaa taas oo, weli u suurtagashay in ay dalka gaarigiisa gubanaya, duuliye u yidhaahdaan, xaq on caloosha. dayrta ee diyaaradda Soviet lagu arkay dhalinyarada tuulada. Waxay jiideen gubay, lug jaban oo si tijaabo ah wadada, oo halkaas, helidda gaari baraf qaar ka mid ah, isaga qaaday isbitaalka duurka ku.

dembiilaha Mikhail Rodionov la doonayo in la siiyo tribunal ah, iyo Sarreeye ku Mikoyan ka dib markii uu dib u soo kabashada ka qabtaan. Laakiin tani, oo waa inuusan marna maxkamadda yimid. Horraantii bishii June 1942, Senior Lieutenant Rodionov ayaa lagu dilay dagaal hawada ah dhow Kaluga, taas oo uu Ottawa degenaa waxaa la guddoonsiiyey Hero horyaalka ee Midowga Soofiyeeti ee. Oo Stepan lahaa si aad ugu bogsiisid nabrahoodii for a bilood ka badan dhowr.

diyaarad cusub

Bishii Agoosto 1942 in Lyubertsy on Wanaajiyey horay saddexaad waxay yimaadeen 434 th Fighter Aviation Ciidankii, taasi oo markii dambe u noqday Ilaalada 32aad ee. Waxay caan ku tahay xaqiiqda ah in uu mar la diriray 26 duuliye, kuwaas oo helay horyaalka ee Heroes ee Midowga Soofiyeeti. Si wada jir ah, waxay hoos u toogtay diyaarad ka badan 520 cadowga. Markaas 1942 Taliyaha regimental ahaa geesiga 24-sano jir ah oo Ivan Midowga Soofiyeeti Kleschev, oo ahaa mas'uul ka ah unug laftiisa Vasily Stalin.

Wiilka hogaamiyaha ka carruurnimada ogaa walaalaha Mikoyans - Stepan iyo Vladimir. First, guutada qaaday kuwa ka yar, oo ka dib ka diiwaangashan iyo labaad. veterans dagaal iyaga la adeegi jiray dhinac ka dib, waxaa naloo sheegay in laba walaalo ahaayeen kuwo aad u dishibiliin, ku dadaala iyo kuwa is-hoosaysiiya, si ay u dhow isla markiiba ku biiray qoyska regimental saaxiibtinimo.

Bilowga September 1942 BUUXIYAY shaqaalaha ciidankii, fadhiistay on diyaaradaha gaadiidka u duulay Sennoy. Halkan, duuliye ku lahaa si ay u horumariyaan diyaarad cusub dagaalka "Yak-7b", kaliya si toos ah uga Aviation Saratov ee Plant soo gaaray. Dhowr maalmood ka dib yimid amar inay u guuraan Airporka kale, oo ku yaalla meel u dhow beerta "Stalingrad", taas oo kaliya 60 km magaalada ka. Kleschevsky guutada markiiba degmnada galay Army 16aad.

Dogfights badan Stalingrad

The howlgalka dagaalka ee hore ee ciidankii dhowaan la sameeyey shakhsi amray Ivan Kleschev. Maxaa yeelay, marka hore Stalingrad ka hawada, dadka cusub ee la laayay ayaa lanooga noocan oo kale ah. Stepan Mikoyan ka dib loogu yeeri in indhaha uu u muuqday magaalada ololaya. qiiq madaw oo ka dababka ka kacay inuu dhowr kiiloomitir, oo isagu wuxuu dhex fiiriyey iyada oo biyaha buluug ah Don iyo Volga. In samada hir boqolaal diyaaradaha, kuwaas oo intooda badan ay ahaayeen dagaalyahanada Jarmal iyo qarax.

Sida la og yahay, taliyaha regimental Kleshchev mar walba soo bandhigay cusub dogfights ah si tartiib tartiib ah. Iyo, inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in Stepan Mikoyan hore u lahaa qaar ka mid ah waayo-aragnimo dagaal cirka ku jira oo ka badan caasimada, haddana waxay go'aamisay in ay taabacsan. xeelad Tani waxay ka caawisaa duuliye dhallinyarada amrayo helaan waayo aragnimo dagaal oo aan halis badan.

Cayrin Muddo ka duulimaadka

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qeybtii labaad ee September ahaa kii ugu xumaa ee: kaliya seddex isbuuc dogfighting guutada halaagnay in ka badan 80 ka tirsan cadowga. Laakiin khasaare dhex jiray qaybahoodii qaarkood weyn: 25 diyaaradaha iyo 16 duuliye. Waxaa ka mid ahaa dadka dhintay walaalkiis ka yar Vladimir Stepan Mikoyan. Taliyaha regimental Ivan qudhiisu Kleshchev waxaa dhaawac halis ah.

dhimashadii walaalkiis ka dib markii Mikoyan Stepan Anastasovich la joojiyay ka duulaya amarka amarka. In xasuusta of Vladimir duuliye on diyaarado badan keenay Looxii "Waayo Volodya!". Horraantii Oktoobar, hadhaagii guutada loo diray xaggiisa dambe. saraakiil dhowr ah la siiyay Hero horyaalka ee Midowga Soofiyeeti, iyo Vladimir (darjada) iyo Stepan la siiyay amar military ee Banner Cas.

War Mikoyan dhammeeyeen darajo kabtanka oo waxaa lagu abaalmariyey laba sharaf dagaalka. Inta lagu guda jiro colaad ah, oo wuxuu lahaa oo ay u qaataan dhowr dagaallada ka dhanka ah diyaaradaha cadowga, laakiin, sida ay waraaqaha, oo ay ku jiraan 6 koox oo ku guuleystay account dagaal ay.

Study in Academy Engineering ah

In 1945, guul Mikoyan ku guursadaa saaxiibkiis jir Eleanor, gabadhii pilot imtixaanka Petra Lozovskogo, kuwaas oo lagu naxdin leh ku dilay halka duulaya diyaarada dagaalka ee a "I-4". Ka dib markii arooska, ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa soo galeen ee Academy Ciidamada Cirka. NE Zhukovsky ee Kulliyadda Engineering. Dhegeystayaasha kuwaas oo horey u haystay sano oo khibrad ah, waxaa loo oggolaaday inuu duuli diyaaradaha ee asturidda Academy ah. guutada Tababarka ahayd ee tuulada. Belopesotsky dhow Kashira. Ka dibna, seddex ka mid ah lahaa in ay ka adkaadaan ah diyaaradaha dagaalka ee cusub.

Waayo, mashruuc uu qalin Mikoyan Stepan Anastasovich doortay adag iyo halkii ay ku dhiirato in muddo theme ah. Waxay ka walaacsan dagaalka taatikada supersonic. Inta badan, dhammaan xogta ku saabsan horumarinta diyaaradaha mustaqbalka "MiG-19" uu ka adeerkiis Anusha Mikoyan helay.

Mashruuca qalin Stepan hogaaminayo VF caanka ah Bolkhovitinov in xitaa ka hor dagaalka waxaa ku hawlan dhismaha qarax culus "DB-A", oo mar dambe abuurka ah ee ugu horeysay ee gantaalada baabbi'iyuhu Midowga Soofiyeeti "bi". Sidaas darteed, waxaan dhihi karaa hubaal ah in Mikoyan ardayda la dhigata fasalka ay by duuliye xirfadeed iyo injineerada farsamo ahaayeen bilowga aad u uunka oo ka mid ah diyaaradaha jet.

shaqo adag

Bishii Agoosto 1951, Stepan Ananstasovich helay booska imtixaanka duulimaadka ee Air Force NII. Halkan uu ku qaatay 23 sano dheer ee jirrabaya diyaarad dagaal oo kala duwan ay leeyihiin Yakovlev, Mikoyan iyo Sukhoi. Waxa uu, ka badan qof kasta oo kale, waxa uu si guul ah marka la isku daro shaqada ee pilot la booska uu ka injineer hogaanka SRI.

Tan iyo 1975 Stepan Mikoyan - the Hero of Midowga Soofiyeeti. Wuxuu waxay kasbatay darajo sare oo imtixaanka kama dambeysta ah ee interceptor ah "MiG-25". Waayo, mar kasta uu shaqada uu ahaa awoodaan in ay ka adkaadaan ah 102 noocyada kala duwan ee diyaaradaha, isagoo waqti isku mid ah in hawada in ka badan 3.5 kun. Hours.

barnaamijka "Buraan"

In 1974 Stepan Anastasovich by go'aanka guddida caafimaadka ayaa laga saaray baaritaanka gaadiidka dagaalka, Laakiinse isaga waxaa loo oggol yahay in ay ka shaqeeyaan helicopters iyo gaadiidka iyo diyaaradaha rakaabka. At 56 sano jir, wuxuu ogaa in uu awoodo in uu ma noqon doono mar kale si guul ah soo maray tijaabada caafimaadka, sidaasi darteed waxaan u lahaa inuu aqbalo dalabka inuu u dhaqaaqo shaqo kale.

Bishii April 1978 wuxuu noqday ku xigeenka sare naqshadeeye Mikoyan "hillaac" NGO. Halkan GE Lozino-Lozinsky abuuray markab orbital "Buraan". Under xaaladahan, xilligan fursad u soo ururay sannado badan oo waayo-aragnimo shaqo Stepan Anastasovich on ururka imtixaanka horyaalka, marka waxaa la go'aamiyay in la abuuro analoogga ah Hawada ee doonnida, la odhan jiray "Product 002". imtixaanka Flight, keydka iyo tababar farsamo ee duuliye ku lug Mikoyan ah. Waxa uu ahaa mas'uul ka ah maaraynta iyo dhab ah "Buraan" in uu diyaarad hore iyo meel.

qorkiisa

Koobaya, waxaan dhihi karaa hubaal ah in Lieutenant General Aviation Stepan Mikoyan ku dhowaad naftiisa oo dhan in diyaaradda, ama halkii, ay hoggaamiso. Oo xataa sida 70-sano jir ah guud a cawl-cirro lehba, uu si joogta ah ka eryay gaariga isaga qudhiisa, "Yak-18T".

Inkastoo uu mashquul jadwalka, weli wuxuu helay waqti aad u qoraan buug. Taariikh nololeed ee dabiiciga ah, qorkiisa si sax ah u fikiri nolosha ee Midowga Soofiyeeti iyo dhammaan wixii uu ku noolaa iyo sida uu u shaqeeyay iyada qoraaga caanka ah Stepan Mikoyan. "Quusiyay of pilot baaritaan military" yimid horeeyay ee UK, iyo dambe ee Russia. Buugani ismaandhaafka dan weyn keliya ma aha ee duuliye laakiin sidoo kale dadka caadiga ah daryeela oo ku saabsan taariikhda gobolka.