Oo ahaa ugu horeeyay ee fuuli Mount Everest? In waxa sannad inay fuulaan Mount Everest?

Republic of Nepal, oo loo yaqaan dhashay ee Buddha ah, waa dalka ugu buuraleyda ee dunida. Oo dhanka woqooyina waxaa xuduud la Hamalayan Weyn Range, caan dhowr danbow aad iyo aad u 8,000 mitir, oo ay ku jiraan Mount Everest waxa uu ku yaalaa - ee buurta ugu sareeya ee adduunka (8848 mitir).

Everest: Yaa ku guuleystay meesha ilaahyada

Sida ay aaminsan caanka ah, meeshan waxaa loo tixgeliyaa Hooyga ilaahyada, sidaas ninna ma dhacday inuu fuulaan.

sare ee dunida xataa ahaa magac gaar ah: Chomolungma ( "Hooyo - ilaahadda nabadda") - in ka Tibetans iyo Sagarmatha ( "foodda jannada") - Nepal ah. Everest u noqday kuwa loo yaqaan oo kaliya ee 1856, waxaan aadan oggolayn la Shiinaha iyo Hindiya, iyo sidoo kale dembiilaha si toos ah u bedelayaan - aristocrat British, aqoonyahan-sahmiyaha, military giringiriyey mid - Dzhordzh Everest, kan kara inuu marka hore loo ogaado goobta saxda ah ee ka danbow Hamalayan, oo sarajooggeeduna wuxuu. waqti ka saxaafadeed The weli waa waqti ay jiraan muran ku saabsan buurta, oo ku yaalla Asia, waa in aan ku leeyihiin magac Yurub. marka hore kan ka guulaystay Everest - ka shirwaynaha kuwaas oo ku riyoonaya kasta fuule?

top qurux xarrago dunida

Nature Everest la dhagaxyada, barafka iyo barafka weligeed ah halis ba'an iyo tacitly qurux badan. Waxaa had iyo jeer ku badan qabow xad-dhaaf ah (ilaa -60 ° C), ifafaale soo noqnoqda - kuli iyo bogagga barafka, iyo buuraha on dhinacyada oo dhan la afuufi dabayl xumaa xawaaraha kacay duufaan weyn oo 200 km / h. At sare ah oo ku saabsan 8000 mitir bilaabo ah "aaga dhimashada", loo yaqaan sida la'aanta ah ee ogsijiin (30% lacagta la joogo heerka badda).

Halista aawadood oo ah waa maxay?

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inkastoo xaaladaha dabiiciga ah sida adag, Fatxi ee Everest ahaa oo waa riyo ee Mountaineers badan caalamka oo dhan. Istaag on top of daqiiqado yar inay hoos tagaan taariikhda, eegto dunida ka hoos samada height - waa tan aan farxad? Waayo, sida daqiiqad la ilaawi karin ee climbers diyaar u yihiin in ay naftooda halis galiyaan iyaga u gaar ah. Oo halista ah ee iyagoo og in ay joogi karaan qarkii sahamin ah weligiis iyo weligiis. arrimaha Human dhimasho suurto gal ah, halkaas ka helay waa ah ogsijiin la'aan, qadhqadhyo, dhaawac, wadnaha oo shaqadiisa gaba, shilalka lagu dhinto iyo xitaa asxaabtiisa warheynta.

Sidaas darteed, sanadkii 1996, koox ka mid ah climbers ka Japan u fuulo ee Everest kulmay saddex Indians - climbers ku jiray xaalad miyir li'i. Waxay ku dhintay sababtoo ah Japanese ah ma lahayn wax caawimaad ah, "tartamaya", indifferently ag marayo. Sannadkii 2006, 42 climbers, si wadajir ah ula warbaahinta marin «Discovery» indifferently maray si tartiib tartiib ah u dhintaan hypothermia England David Sharp, ayaa sidoo kale isku dayay in uu waraysi la isaga iyo sawiro ka qaado. Sidaas darteed, daredevil ah oo keligiis go'aansaday inay qabsadaan, Mount Everest, dhintay qadhqadhyo iyo gaajo ogsijiin. Mid ka mid ah climbers Ruush Alexander Abramov falalka noocaas ah asxaabta uu sharaxayaa: "At sare ah oo ka badan 8,000 mitir ee nin doonaya inay qabsadaan shir, waxaa si buuxda u qabsadeen oo aan lahayn ciidamo dheeraad ah si ay u caawiyaan in la eego u qaali ah sida."

Isku dayga in George Mallory: guul ama inaan la siin?

Sidaas dib markii kii ugu horeeyay ee ka guulaystay Mount Everest oo dhan? Furitaanka of George Everest, oo aan ka guulaystay buurta, wuxuu ahaa wadadii uu jecel yihiin adeeein ee climbers badan si uu u gaadho shirwaynaha dunida, in marka hore (ee 1921) ay go'aansadeen in ay Dzhordzh Mellori - qaranka Everest. Nasiib darro, isku day uu ku guul daraystay: barafka culus, dabaylo xoog badan iyo la'aanta ah ee waayo-aragnimo ah u qaadeen si ay u height ah fuule British joojiyay. Laakiin munaaraddii haleeli Mallory gacan haadiyey, oo wuxuu kaxaystay laba fuulo guulaysan (ee 1922 iyo 1924). Inta lagu jiro ee la soo dhaafay duulaan Dzhordzh Mellori iyo xaaskiisa Endryu Irvin of farabadan of gebi ahaanba la joojiyey. Last dhex farqiga oo daruuraha ku soo baxna ugu sareysa oo ka mid ah wuxuu arkay mid ka mid ah xubno ka mid ah duulaan ku Noel Odell. Kaliya 75 sano ka dib, duulaan Maraykanka search Mallory weli laga helay at sare ah ee 8155 mitir. Iyada oo ku saleysan meesha ay ku yaalaan, climbers ee yaamayska ku dhex dhacday. Sidoo kale in wareegyada tacliimeed, daraasadda of isku mid ah iyo hadhaagii goobta, waxaa la soo jeediyay in George Mallory - ninkii ugu horeeyay ee ka adkaan Everest. oo ma ay helin meydkii Endryu Irvina ee.

1924-1938 sano ayaa lagu calaamadeeyay by ururka weli tiro ka mid ah guutadii, si kastaba ha ahaatee, guul daraystay. iyaga on Everest muddo illoobay, sababtoo ah dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka ka dib markii.

trailblazers

marka hore kan ka guulaystay Mount Everest? Storm nepokorimuyu top go'aansaday in 1952 Swiss ah, laakiin height ugu safray iyaga ag taagnaa qiyaastii 8,500 oo mitir, 348 mitir, ma qaadaan climbers ay sabab u tahay xaaladaha cimilada xun.

Haddii aynu ka fikirno in Mallory ma heli kari waayeen inay buurta dhaladeedii ugu sarreeya dunida oo dhan, su'aasha ah, kuwaas oo marka hore ay qabsadeen Mount Everest, waxaan odhan karaa - New Zealand Edmund Hillary sanadkii 1953, oo ma uu nafsaddiisa, iyo caawiye - Sherpa Norgay Tenzing .

By habka, Sherpa (Tibetan, "Cher" - bari, "pa" - dadka) - dadka isku mid ah, iyada oo aan taas, laga yaabee, Qofna awoodi doonaan in ay gaaraan top si heel. buurtan dadka deganaa ee Nepal in ka badan 500 oo sano ka hor. Waa ay fududahay in Sherpas u suurtagashay in ay fuulaan Mount Everest, maxaa yeelay, buurtan - dalkooda, taas oo caan ah si ay jid kasta laga soo bilaabo yaraantooda ay aad.

Sherpas - kaaliyaha lagu kalsoonaan karo oo ay jidka ku to top

Sherpas - dad aad u wanaagsan-dabeecad oo aan keeni kartaa dembi qof. Dadkaas iyaga ah, dilka kaneecada caadi ah ama mouse duurka jooga waxaa loo arkaa dembi ah mid laga cabsado, kaas oo loo baahan yahay oo aad u otmalivat. Waxaan Sherpas leeyihiin af u gaar ah, laakiin waxa ay haatan ku dhow yihiin qof kasta oo ku hadla Ingiriisi. In this guusha weyn Edmund Hillary - guulayste koowaad ee Everest. In mahadnaq caawimaad ka qiimo badan ku dul lacag u gaar ah si ay u dhisaan dugsi ku yaal mid ka mid ah magaalooyinka waaweyn.

Inkasta oo la lays nolosha Sherpa ilbaxnimo oo dhan oo ay maraan jidkii nolosha weli inta badan raggu. degsiimooyinka Dhaqameed - guri dhagax ah laba dabaq ah oo ku saabsan dhulka taas oo sida caadiga ah ku jira lo ', yaks, ido, riyo ah, iyo qoyska laftiisa waxaa inta badan ku taala dabaqa labaad; waxaa jira jikada, qolka hurdada, qolka nool. ugu yaraan Furniture. Thanks to Mountaineers hormood sidaas ma aha dheer ka hor waxaa jiray korontada, gaaska ama nooc ka mid ah kuleylka dhexe ay ilaa iyo haatan ma. Sida shidaalka wax lagu karsado ay isticmaalaan yaks qashin, kuwaas oo la soo ururiyay oo la engejiyey, dhagaxyada.

Haleeli Mount Everest ... oo hore u guulaystay danbow fog, Edmund Hillary ama Dzhordzh Mellori? Qubarada waxa ay raadinayaan jawaabta maalinta la joogo, iyo sidoo kale jawaabta su'aasha ah waxa sannad guulaystay Everest ee 1924 ama 1953.

Records ee Everest

Everest koreen oo ka badan hal qof, xataa diiwaanka ayaa la saaray fuulo ku meel gaar ah ugu sareysa. Tusaale ahaan, sanadkii 2004 Sherpa Pemba Dorj iyada uga yimid xerada salka 10 saacadood 46 daqiiqo, halka inta badan climbers on hawlgalka isla qaadan kartaa ilaa dhowr maalmood. Ugu dhaqsaha badan buurta 1988, Jean-Mark France Buaven, si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu u sameeyey boodi si paroplane.

Haweenka kan ka guulaystay Mount Everest, gudaheedana sinaba uma ay ka liita nin, oo madax iyo joogto ah looga gudbo fuulo kasta meter ugu sareysa. The ugu horeysay ee qeybtii caddaallad ah ee aadanaha in 1975 uu ahaa Japan Junko Tabey, 10 maalmood - Phantog, fuule Tibetan.

marka hore kan ka guulaystay Everest ee dadka waayeelka ah? guulayste ugu da'da weyn ee danbow waa 76-jir ku nool dalka Nepal - Min Bahadur Sher Khan, iyo ugu da'da yaraa - 13-sano jir ah American Urdun Romero. Waxa xiiso leh ku dheganaanta ah guulayste kale oo dhallinyaro ah oo ka mid ah "top dunida" - 15-sano jir ah Sherpa Temba Tseri, kuwaas oo isku day kowaad wuxuu ahaa lagu guulaysan la'aan xoog iyo qadhqadhyo ku ah labada gacmood. Marka laabtay Tembe 5 faraha gooyeen in ma isaga joojin, wuxuu ka guulaystay Mount Everest si loo fuulaana labaad.

Ka mid ah dadka naafada ah sidoo kale waxay leeyihiin ninkii ugu horeeyay inuu guulaysto Everest. Tani waa Mark Inglis, u kacay inuu sare ee adduunka ee 2006 iyadoo la kaashanayo lugood. Hero xitaa ku kaftamay in ka duwan climbers kale, ma qabowgu suulasha. Oo wuxuu cagaha qabowgu ka hor iyadoo isku dayaysa inay fuulaan ugu sarreysa ugu sareeya ee New Zealand - Mount Cook, ka dib markii taas ay ka gooyeen.

Sida muuqata, Everest ayaa qaar ka mid ah awoodaha sixir ah in ay haddii boqolaal climbers iyo ido. Si aad u mar kale ka adkaan iyo mar kale dib ugu yimid, isku dayayaan in ay mar kale sameeyo.

peak qurxiyey - Mount Everest

Oo ahaa ugu horeeyay ee fuuli Mount Everest? Maxaad dad keentay in ay meeshan? Sababaha this waa badan yihiin. Bishimaha dareemayaasha, la'aanta thrills, waxay doonayaan waa in aad iskaaga u tijaabiso xiiso nolol maalmeedka ....

millionaire Texas Dick Bass - ninka kan ka guulaystay Everest. Wuxuu aan la fuule xirfadle, Eebase ma qaataan sano on diyaarinta dhamaystiran waayo, jiirtii khatar ah oo ay go'aansatay in ay ka adkaan ugu xumaa dunida mar, sida ay iyagu yidhaahdaan, halkan iyo hadda. Bass ahaa diyaar u ah inay bixiyaan lacag kasta oo kuwa ka qayb xaqiijinta uu riyo u muuqda wax aan macquul aheyn.

Dick Bass weli awoodaan in ay gaaraan shir of Mount Everest, iyo caawiyeyaasha in duulaan ay ahayd in la soo shirin koox gaari Fulitaanka kor oo raaxada millionaire; Dadka ayaa waday load oo dhan, teendhooyin, taangiyada oxygen, biyaha, cuntada. Taasi micnaheedu waa in, jiirtii dhacay ah "oo dhan loo dhan yahay" oo ay ahayd bilowga safarka ganacsiga ugu sareysa.

Waxay ahayd tan iyo markaas, tan iyo 1985, si ay u gaaraan shirkii wuxuu noqon karaa qof kasta in uu leeyahay inuu sameeyo lacag ku filan. Si aad u taariikhda, kharashka hal fuulitaanka sida kala duwan tahay 40 ilaa 85 kun oo doolar, taas oo ku xidhan dhinaca fuulid buur. Haddii safarka qaadataa meel on qayb ka mid ah Nepal, waa qaali maxaa yeelay waxa ay u baahan fasax gaar ah boqorka, oo qiimihiisu yahay 10 kun oo doolar. Inta soo hadha waa lacag ururka of duulaan ku.

Oo xataa lahaa aroos ...

In 2005, Mona Mulet oo yaraada ama Georgie ciyaaray on top of arooska dunida ee. Fulitaanka dabaqa sare, laba ka qaadeen dhowr daqiiqo ee waji oxygen, oo gashanno hubka luquntooda ubaxyo isku midab dhaqanka. Markaas budo casaan oo yaraada ama subkay foodda uu aroosadda in ay calaamad u guur. Newlyweds uu fal ka qof walba qarsoodi: waalidka, saaxiibada, asaxaabta on duulaan, maxaa yeelay, ma ay kalsooni ku qaba in natiijada guul falalka qorsheysan.

Sidaas daraaddeed inta qof fuulaan Mount Everest? Waxa la yaab leh, taariikhda, in ka badan 4,000 oo qof. Oo wakhtigii ugu fiicnayn for oo kedis ah xaaladaha cimilada qabow loo arkaa in ay guga iyo dayrta. True, idyll this socdaa wakhti yar - yar todobaad, in climbers ah ayaa isku dayaya in ay isticmaalaan kuwa ugu badan dhala.

Sida laga soo xigtay tirakoob kuwa ka adkaan Everest dhinto toban kasta, iyadoo inta badan shilalka ka dhaca inta lagu jiro soo jeeda, marka awoodda waxaa u dhowaadeen inay simbiriirixdaan. Fikrad ahaan, aad fuuli karaan Mount Everest in dhowr maalmood. In dhaqanka, loo baahan yahay isku dhafan si tartiib ah oo si mug leh ups iyo hakisey hawshii.