La shaqaynta cad titanium

Mid ka mid ah laba nooc oo cad, inta badan la isticmaalo ee rinjiyeynta casriga ah - titanium cad. Waxay yihiin ka xoogbadan, in qaar ka mid ah noocyada kale ee ay caanka ah ee tayada - lead iyo zinc.

Background: Lead

rinjiga cad by fannaaniinta isticmaalay tan iyo wakhtiyadii hore. Xataa BC ugu horeeyay ee qarnigii, taariikhyahan Roman Pliny ku tilmaamay habka abuurista nuuradda ah oo chips hogaanka khal. Ka dibna, ay technology soo saarka ee hogaanka cad ayaa loo sameeyey in dal kasta oo weyn oo Yurub ah. Waxaa si weyn loo isticmaalaa in rinjiyeynta, iconography, baahida farsamo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, lead - wax aad u sun ah. Burburka uu keeno hogaanka u Cad fannaaniin xirfad leh iyo waxdhisayaasha, iyo sidoo kale masaakiinta, ku hawlan in ay wax soo saarka, waa wax aan macquul aheyn si ay u xisaabiso.

zinc

Waxaa jiray formaldehyde kale - caddaan foolmaroodi ah, laga sameeyey oo lafihii oo baraar ah, nuurad cad, qolofta ukunta iyo xataa luul. Laakiin oo dhan oo iyaga ka mid ahaayeen kuwo aad u dhif ah, ay adag tahay in sameeyo oo sidaas daraaddeed qaali ah. Taas darteed, farshaxan si joogta ah u isticmaalaan sunta rasaasta. noocyo badan - kaolin, midabyo, baaruud, hogaanka iyo qasacad - weli waa aan ilaa muda soo saarka ee hogaanka u cad.

Tani waxay sii waday ilaa 1780, markii laba farmashiyaha Faransiis Bernard Courtois iyo Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau, wuxuu bilaabay inuu raadiyo rinjiga yar halista ah. Ay doorashada ku dhacay xabagta zinc, oo ku salaysan oo cad ka helay wax yar oo sun ah. Dhibaatadu waxa ay ahayd in ay qiimaha. Zinc xabagta ahaayeen qiimihiisu yahay afar jeer ka qaalisan hogaanka, fanaaniin badan oo ka hadhay oo aamin ah wax hore.

Titan

Dhammaadkii qarnigii XVIII Ingiriis William Gregor iyo Klaproth Jarmal ah helay bir hore aan la garanayn, kaas oo markii danbe lagu badalay hogaanka ee wax soo saarka mass cad. Laakiin ka hor bilowgii titanium qarnigii XX waxaa loo tixgeliyaa aan waxtar lahayn, iyadoo aan loo eegayn waxa ha ku rakibin biraha. Kaliya ee 1908, farmashiye Yurub helay isticmaalka a, waxaa ka - titanium dioxide waxaa loo isticmaali jiray in wax soo saarka ee nooc cusub oo ah cad. Tan iyo 1920, Europe ayaa la bilaabay wax soo saarka mass of pigments dioxide titanium waxaa ku dhowaad gebi ahaanba bedelay suuqa hogaanka. Ka hor inta Russia helay hal-abuurnimo oo kaliya in ay soddon jirka ahayd ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay. Sababo la xaqiiqada, cilmi maareeyaan in la kala saaro shuqullada dhab ah horrantii qarnigii labaatanaad by khiyaamo: copyists taxadar la'aan ma ku tirinayaa in waxyaalaha Ruush-uqabso inta qoray isticmaalaya hogaanka cad, titanium danbe cadaadiyo.

Isbarbar dhigga ee noocyada kala duwan ee cad

• Sumoobo. White hogaanka kala duwan heer sare ah sun iyo waxa ay hadda si gaar ah loo isticmaalo ee midabada tahay. Ururka Caalamiga ah ee Ilaalinta Shaqaalaha mamnuucayaa rinjiyaynta derbiyada meelood la hogaanka cad ku nool. Men-Ranjiilayaasha in siddeed iyo toban sano jir iyo haween ka mid ah da 'kasta waa ka mamnuuc inay hogaanka u shaqeeya. cad zinc wax yar oo sun ah, khatar ma u leeyahay nolol, iyo titanium loo qori karaa iyada oo aan wax dhibaato ku ah caafimaadka.
• Dhexaragga (awood dhuumanayay). Zinc xabagta leeyihiin sentigiiba ugu hooseeya, si ay si guul leh loo isticmaalay glaze rinjiyeynta classical. Titanium glaze cad ka dhigi shaqayn karto maxaa yeelay, caymiska waa inta ka sareeya (2.7). Laakiin iyagu waa fiican ee rinjiyeynta more cufan prima ah la - Midabka taasu waa ka kor ku xusan midabyo kale.
• Cado. Zinc xabagta leeyihiin titanium ah midab wax yar ka diiran - qabow.
• Resistance. xabagta Zinc, gaar ahaan khad sare oo dhumucdiisuna waxay daaha, ugu danbeyn daboolay dildilaaca. Tan iyo pigments titanium dioxide in arintaasi aysan dhicin - mid ka mid ah noocyada ay si xoog leh in loo isticmaalo rinjiyaynta pride ah. White hogaanka sidoo kale waa mid aad u xoog badan - lagugu leeyahay in ay ilaalinta shuqullada sayid hore.

Sifooyinka kale ee ku pigments titanium dioxide

Waqti ka, shaqada, qoraal pigments titanium dioxide, helid laga yaabaa towns a buluug. In rinjiyeynta saliidda cad waa in la isticmaalaa si taxadir leh. Waxaa laguma talinayo in lagu qaso qaar ka mid ah midabo kale, dhexdana, Cobalt, cadmium. Marka saamaynta razbelivaniya isku qasan iyaga dhacaan, oo ay u sameeyaan xarunta midabo degganayn. Titanium jeedin cad huruud muddo. Titanium dioxide marka la qaso pigments organic noqon karaa discolored muddo. Waxaa laguma talinayo si ay u daboosho shaqada iyadoo la isticmaalayo titanium saliid cad varnish copal - madoobaato lama huraan.

Sababta oo ah, kuwaas oo dhan ceebaha bartamihii qarnigii labaatanaad ka, fanaaniinta ayaa diiday in ay isticmaalaan pigments dioxide titanium. Ay wax soo saarka la joojiyay. Laakiin qaar kale Titanium White - looxa, gouache ama tempera soo saaray heerka la mid ah. Waxay si guul leh u sii waday in loo isticmaali by Ranjiilayaasha badan. Titanium White Oil aad muddo dheer jirey - ay awood ded sare, oo aan sun ahayn iyo aan qaali ahayn iyaga on armaajo oo ku soo laabtay, iyo qof kasta oo maanta kartaa, ku dhaqanka, si loo ogaado in ay isticmaalka Ilaah waa aqbalaa.