Calaamad - waa farshaxanka calaamadaha isgaarsiinta

Calaamad - hanti arrimuhu farshaxanka, kaas oo u muuqday dhexe ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay ee France. Tani qaab tahay arrin degdeg lagu helay caan ubalaadhan oo sii waday in ay si firfircoon u horumariyaan ilaa qarnigii labaatanaad.

Calaamad - waa mid ka mid ah arimaha ugu muhiimsan ee dunida farshaxanka. Inkastoo uu ka soo muuqday oo kaliya ee qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad, xubno ay si buuxda arki karaa tan iyo wakhtiyadii hore. Tusaale ahaan, Sharciga Calaamooyinka Masiixiyada, xaladii la farshaxankiisa Dr Makumbe Gothic iyo rijiyeeyay. The asalka ah, farshaxankiisa ghostly in artist ka qoray xilligii of nasjonalromantiske, waxaad ka arki kartaa xubno badan oo ka mid ah calaamadda.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, horumarka ugu weyn waa isbeddel ku tahay ayaa qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad sida soo horjeeda xaqiiqo iyo impressionism. jihada Tani furan muujiyeen aragti xun horumarinta bourgeoisie. Calaamad - hadal ah oo u xiisootay xorriyadda xagga ruuxa, ahi loo dareemeyn isbedel taariikhi ah oo bulshada dunida iyo aadanaha oo dhan.

Erayga "calaamad" laftiisa markii ugu horaysay la daabacay "Le Figaro" - a xilliyeedyada si caddaalad ah oo caan ku daabacan - 1886, siddeed iyo tobnaad ee September. Fikradda wayn ee dhaqdhaqaaqa ayaa la tilmaamay in suugaanta, caanka ah Abwaan Faransiis Charles Baudelaire. Waxa uu rumeysan yahay in kaliya characters ayaa si buuxda u muujin karaan gobolka khiyaano maanka Abwaan ama artist.

aasaaska falsafada iyo bilicsanaanta of calaamad bilaabay inuu shiidaa horumariyaan isku mar mar dalal badan oo reer galbeedka Yurub. The wakiilada ugu weyn ee calaamadda - S. Mallarmé ah, P. Verdun, Rimbaud, P. Valéry ee France, M. Maeterlinck, E. Verhaeren ee Belgium, G. Gaupman in Germany, R. Rilke in Austria, Oskar Uayld UK; H. Ibsen, iyo K. Hamsun ee Norway. xataa Waxaad dhihi kartaa in calaamadda ee sagaal goor dambe oo qarnigii labaatanaad hore, gebi ahaanba ku tiirsan tahay suugaanta.

Calaamad - waa ilaa xad echo ah nasjonalromantiske. Sharraxaadda ee labada waji aad u la mid ah oo la xiriira yihiin. Astaanta - waa shayga of aragti ee ay gabayaa. Waxa uu muujiyay macnaha qarsoon ee wax, ayaa shaaca ka qaaday qarsoon ee la rinji asalka ah otherworldly, macnaha fahmayn ee ifafaale ka dadka caadiga ah qarsoon. Calaamooyinka rinji by artist ah, loo arkaa in ay si dhab ah kuwii nebiyada, iyo artist qudhiisu ahaa abuuraha, aragti ah oo uu arki karin in dhacdooyinka iyo ifafaale ah Aayaadka ku qarsoon qaar ka mid ah aayahooda.

Calaamad farshaxanka waxaa diinta ka howgala ruuxi ah, is dhexgalka dunida hoose nin, qofku shakhsiyadiisu iyo shaqsi, la dunida ka baxsan. Sida ay calaamad of fikradda guud ee dunida dhabta jirta ee ka baxsan dunida noo muuqda, oo uu qayb ahaan oo kaliya laga arki karo. Waa nooc ka mid ah farshaxanka u dhaqmo dhexaadin u dhexeeya Caalamka, kuwaas oo, waa habka Isbadal iyo fasiraadda dhinaca ruuxiga ah ee nolosha.

Calaamadda uu noqday istiwooday suugaanta ku, farshaxanka iyo naqshadaha ee dalal badan, oo saameeya si weyn dunida farshaxanka. Symbolists dhigay dhulka ee Surrealism sida ay u doonayaan in ay innovate, cosmopolitanism iyo tijaabooyinka badan.