Zhostovo saxaarad, taariikhda iyo hababka qaadashada. Zhostovo rinjiyeynta on baakidh

ubax Bright qurux badan, Ubax, peonies, daisies, illoobin-iga, chrysanthemums iyo ubaxyada dooxadii (waa wax aan macquul aheyn in ay iyaga oo dhan ku qor), ilkaheeda ee artist gacanta u yiqiin kala firdhiyey dushiisa biraha dhalaalaya mugdi ah - a baakidh dhaqanka rinjiyeynta Zhostovo. farshaxanka gaar ah dad of Russia, taas oo uu leeyahay analogues no!

Taariikhda kalluumaysiga Ruush qadiimiga ah ayaa ku dhowaad 2 qarniyo, iyo inta lagu guda jiro waqti in sheyga sayid Zhostovo ma aha oo kaliya ma lumin ay caan iyo qurux, laakiin, on lid ku ah, helay taageero ka sii adduunka oo dhan iyo hodan by fikrado cusub oo ka mid ah fannaaniinta dhallinyarada ah ee maanta.

The asal Zhostovo farsamada gacanta

Maanta, wax kasta oo guri casri ah ku farxi doonaan inay heli doontaan hadiyadda ah saxaarad Zhostovo dhabta ah, taas oo loo isticmaali karaa oo keliya ma aha ee ay ujeedada loo adeegayaa loogu tala galay, laakiin sidoo kale sida gudaha jikada decoration asalka ah. Sidoo kale, haweenka ahaayeen farxad iyo bilowgii qarnigii XIX ah., Markay siiyeen quruxdiisa oo kale.

Laakiin waxa aan ahaa had iyo jeer. Art Zhostovo rinjiyeynta bilaabeen inay qaab qaataan Russia goor dambe oo qarnigii XVIII. Waxay ahayd waqti in ka mid ah ku furto marka hore, sanduuqyada, sanduuqyada buuriga, kiisaska sigaarka, dhammaan noocyada kala duwan ee sanduuqyada, iwm, rinjiyeeyay farsamo ee miniatures xamuurada, taas oo lagu sameeyey tuulooyinka degmada Moscow ee: .. Ostashkovo, Trinity, Novosiltsev Sorokin Zhostovo.

Tartiib tartiib, wax soo saarka ee baakidh heli karaa track ah oo kala duwan, iyo kaalinta hoggaamineed ee iyaga samaynta adag qaaday tuulada Zhostovo. Waana mid ka, ee baakidh horreeyey waxaa la sameeyey oo gebi of papier-mache. Hadda waxaan horeba way adag tahay in la damacsan saxaarad Zhostovo ka qalab noocan oo kale ah lagu sameeyo.

horumarinta dheeraad ah oo farshaxanka Zhostovo

In 1825, workshop Osip Filippovich Vishnyakov waxaa la furay sanadkii Zhostovo. Waxaa ka dhacdadan in ay taariikhda u jiritaanka farsamada gacanta oo kala duwan dad Zhestovskaya. Dabcan, fadhigan aan ahaa mid ka mid ah oo kaliya. Tartiib tartiib abaabulan iyo iskaashiga kale: Yegor Vishnyakov tuulada u dhow Ostashkovo, A. A. Zaytseva tuulada Saddexmidnimada. ay caanka ah ee waxyaabaha ay ahayd weyn! Well ka iibiyey saxaarad Zhostovo ee Moscow, St. Petersburg iyo magaalooyin kale.

In 1830 Zhostovo iyo tuulooyinka dariska ah ayaa dukaamo dhowr ah, Aasaasayaasha ka mid ah ay ahaayeen xeeraan Belyaev, T. M. Belyaev, FV Shapkin, V. L. Leontev iyo JS Kolomna furay. Tartiib tartiib, wax soo saarka ee ku koray, wax soo saarka by gacanta sameeyey ayaa noqotay mar dambe of papier-mache ka dhigay, oo ah waxyaabaha la more raagaya iyo kan casriga ah - bir ah.

fanaaniinta Halyeeyga Zhostovo

Tartiib tartiib, cusub ku dhashay, la yaqaan noo dhan saxaarad Zhostovo. Taariikhda kaydiyaa taariikhda ku laayeen, sheegayaa sida tartiib tartiib badan oo tayo leh beeralayda maxaliga ah ee ku lug leh shaqo ee workshops tahay. Waxaa la yaab leh sida badan talanti ayaa u muuqday mid ah, serfs aan aqoonta lahayn ee caadiga ah. sayidkiisu wuxuu marka hore, kaas oo la xuso qoraalada taariikhiga ah ee 1839, waxay ahayd Serf ah oo Tirinta Sheremetev - Veshnyakov Philipp Nikitin, uu ku hawlanaa baakidh rinjiyeynta oo ay la socdaan wiilkiisii. Saasaana ku dhashay Zhostovo guri ammaan farshaxanka.

The ugu caansan sayid Zhostovo saxaarad: OE Burbyshev (on artist this ee Zhostovo waa halyeeyga, sidaas ayaa Iduna Park), nm Tsaplagin, AE Vishnyakov, K. V. Gribkov, I. S. Leontev , D. S. Kledov, P. S. Kurzin, I. A. Savelev, MR Mitrofanov, A. P. Gogin, I. P. Plahov, BV tirsan. Oo intaas oo dhammu sayid iyo kuwo kale oo badan ayaa tagay calaamad ah oo qoto dheer ee farshaxanka Zhostovo, in la abuuray shuqullada cajiib Zhostovo miniatures ka mid ah xirfadaha fund oo dahab ah.

Zhostovo saxaarad - technology-soo-saarka

The technology-soo-saarka Zhostovo saxaarad asalka qoray sanadihii la soo dhaafay. sayidkiisa waxay leedahay wax badan oo ka mid ah tabaha loo of ganacsiga, inayan ninna u socday si ay u wadaagaan. Sidaas waxa ku saabsan oo keliya marka la eego guud ahaan, waxaad ku sheegi kartaa soo saaridda ee alaabta Zhostovo technology.

Sida kor ku xusan, baakidh oo casri ah waxaa lagu sameeyey bir. Waxaa laga yaabaa in qaab ugu yaab leh, waxa ay ku xiran fikradda asalka ah ee farshaxanka. Ka hor inta rinjiyaynta saxaarad waa in ay ahaadaan si taxadar leh safeeyey iyo daboolay Primer ah lakabka double diyaariyey ku salaysan madow carbon iyo kaolin. Markaas workpiece waa dhulka mar kale, waxaana la daboolay dhowr lakab oo xamuurada midab leh. War sidee lakabka kasta waa in si fiican la qalajiyey iyo sidoo kale si fiican u qoray.

Dheeraad ah oo soo saarta baakidh Zhostovo soo baxa in tallaabada xigta. Ka dib markii wax soo saarka shaqada diyaarinta dhan diyaar u yahay rinjiyeynta, iyo in shaqo dheeraad ah ku dul bilaabo artist Masterka. Rinjiyeynta Zhostovo saxaarad waa dhaqan la dhigtay rinjiga saliid. Marka ay dhamaystirka, wax soo saarka mar kale in layers badan dahaarka leh kula varnish, raaceen by qalajiyo iyo qiraan saxaarad dhamaystirtay siiyo gloss ficil specular.

farsamooyinka farshaxanka iyo qoreysa rinjiyeynta Zhostovo

farsamooyinka farshaxanka Zhostovo rinjiyeynta yihiin asal ahaan ay ka soo miniatures xamuurada Ruush dhaqanka, laakiin, dabcan, waxay leeyihiin sifooyin u gaar ah. sal u Dhawdahay la odhan karaa hannaanka midabyo dhalaalaya on laysku sharraxo oo dahab ah oo mugdi ah asalka iyo decoration darey. Background Zhostovo saxaarad khasab ma aha in madow, waxay noqon kartaa wax kasta oo aad rabto in midabka: cas, brown, cagaar ah, buluug iyo ocher. Mararka qaar waxaa jira heeso sameeyo Potali (dahab dayashada), hooyada of luul ama iftiin ah, ku dhowaad caddaan, laakiin waa halkii ay leexasho ka xeerarka loo Yeedhiyaa by male artist ee.

saxaarad Zhestovsky waxaa sida caadiga ah rinji sidan oo kale in xarunta of Halabuurka (bouquet ubaxa) waa midabada ugu weyn oo dhalaalaya, kuwaas oo diiradda ugu weyn waxaa si toos ah. Oo u dhaw in cidhifyada oo ka mid ah xubno ka bouquet ah waxa ay noqonayaan yar oo madow, sida haddii ay soo jeeda ee ku milmaan. Sidaasaa gaaro qoto dheer muuqaalka iyo rinjiyeynta mugga. ubax Zhostovo aan ka dabeecadda qoraal ah, waxay marar badan tahay shuruud, inta badan image waxay ku xiran tahay malaha hal abuur leh ee sayidkii.

The yabban muhiimsan iyo mawduucyada

The sababaha ugu weyn ee Zhostovo rinjiyaynta Dabcan waa cayn kasta oo yabban ubaxa, noocyo kala duwan oo aan ahayn tiro! rinjiyeynta Zhostovo dhaqmayso dhawr nooc oo ka kooban dhaqanka. Ubax waxaa la qaadi karaa in bouquets ballaaran oo ka kooban 3-5 inflorescences, taswiiran ee dambiisha midkood waxaa lagu qori Hadyada iyo hareeraha wareega ah ee saxaarad.

Mararka qaarkood rinjiyeynta geleysa waxaa kaabaya karaa images of berry, miraha iyo shimbiraha. Waxaa jira shay-baarka Zhostovo rinjiyeynta, sida alaabo qaali oo qaraami innoogu weli Dutch. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in geedka barbaro shuruud ku filan, halkan yihiin dhammaan calaamadaha rinjiyeynta easel: dareenka taxadir ah u faahfaahsan, midabka guud, improvisation free.

baakidh Zhostovo: sida loo sawiri talaabo talaabo

Geedi socodka oo dhan rinjiyaynta saxaarad loo qaybin karaa 4 marxaladood. First waxa loogu yeero "zamalevka": on alaabta sida pounces razbelennymi midabeeyo dushana a generic of sawirka mustaqbalka, meel ka mid ah meelaha ugu daran.

Waxay la raacay by "tenezhka" iyo "seal": codsiga ah ee Hooskiisu hufan iyo naqshada mid ah midabo kala cufan oo ka mid ah meelaha ugu qatarsan. Ka dib markii in, qaabka ubaxyo iyo caleemo waa ka gaar ah.

Heerka saddexaad - blikovka: codsiga oo ah budada bleaching smears dhakhso ah. Iyada oo taageero ka dhan ah tiro ku qeexan.

Ugu dambayntiina, soo raacay by heer final 4aad on taas oo ah "chertezhka" iyo "ku qabanaya". Iyada oo burush aad u wanaagsan u yaqaaniin khadadka circuit dabacsan adkeysi encircles caleen kasta iyo qayb ubax barbaro saqaf iyo faahfaahinta, kuwaas oo loo yaqaan qabanaya.

Rajada laga qabo horumarinta farsamada gacanta

Zhostovo farsamada iyo farshaxanka Currently la kulma jeer adag. 90-mada ay qarnigii la soo dhaafay, seminaaro ay ka hooseeyeen daryeelka iyo maalgelinta ee gobolka, ka dib markii perestroika iyo burburkii Midowga Soofiyeeti, warshad gacmaha gaarka loo leeyahay mareen. Haddaba dhagaxa rukunka faa'iido ah, ma ilaalinta ee dhaqanka iyo hab hal abuur leh si farsamo ah.

Tirada fanaaniinta ee ganacsiga ayaa si weyn u dhimay. fanaaniin badan ayaa waxay bilaabeen inay si madax banaan u shaqeeyaan guriga. Waxaa fuliyay wax badan oo amar gaar ah, xabsi ma aha oo kaliya by saxaarad Zhostovo. Masters Modern inta badan ka shaqeeya rinjiyaynta maadooyin kala duwan, laga bilaabo qaboojiyaha iyo telefoonada gacanta in sibraar oo khamri ah ururiyaha qaali ah. qulqulaya tayo dhalinyarada - dugsiga qalin miniatures xamuurada Fedoskino dhawaan hoos u dhacay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, shirkadda ayaa weli ku nool yahay, waxa ay la shaqeysaa daahirinteeda, iyo iimaanka xagga mustaqbalka.

Sidee si aad u hesho in ay Zhostovo?

Waayo, kuwaas oo doonaya oo dhan si aad u xeel dheer dhow taariikhda iyo farshaxanka Zhostovo shirkadda abaabulay xiiso safarada 5-saac fasalka sayidkii. Marka warshad waxaa si joogto ah shaqeeya dukaan halkaas oo aad ka iibsan kartaa alaabta iyo farsamada gacanta, sida ay yidhaahdaan, "kulaylka ka kulayl."

Si aad u hesho ka Moscow si Zhostovo jiro dhib ma aha. Waxaan u baahan nahay in ay ka gudbaan oo dhan 50 km on waddada weyn ee degmada jihada Ostashkovskoe Mytishchi ah. Waxa kale oo aad si fudud waxaa ay gaari karaan tareen ama bas. Ikhtiyaar kale ka Medvedkovo Metro si Zhostovo si joogto ah Shuttle lambarka baska 438.