Kiev kibir

Kiev kibir - mid ka soo sameeyey burburkii dalalka taaj Kievan rus. dhimashada Prince Yaroslava Mudrogo dhexe ee kibir qarnigii XI ka dib kala bilow sano iyo 30-ka mid ah XII qarnigii u noqday gabi ahaanba madax banaan.

Its territory daboolayaa dalalkii ay isirka iyo beerta Drevlyane Webiga Dnieper iyo addoommo (grouse, Pripyat, Irpen iyo Ros). Waxa kale oo ka mid ah qayb ka mid ah bangiga bidix ee Dnieper hore ee Kiev. All dalkan casriga Kyiv iyo gobollada Zhytomyr ee Ukraine iyo qaybta koonfureed ee gobolka Gomel ah ee Belarus. In bari, iyadoo madax ka wadaagtaa Pereyaslavl iyo Chernigov kibir galbeed - ka Vladimir-Volyn, oo ku yaalla koonfurta waxaa oo muhiim ah steppe ee Polovtsian.

Sababo la xiriira cimilada khafiif ah oo ciidda bacrin ah halkan beeraha si degdeg ah oo horumarsan. Sidoo kale dadka dalkan deggan waxaa ka qayb qaatay xoolaha dhaqmaadka ah, ugaarsiga, kalluumeysiga iyo shinnida. Early filan halkan waxaa ka dhacay goob dhismeedyada qaaska ah. Muhiimad gaar ah helay "drevodelie", maqaar iyo pottery. Dhigashada loo ogol yahay si ay u horumariyaan farsamada birta oo ildheer.

arrin muhiim ahaa xaqiiqada ah in Kiev madax ahaa wadada "ka Vikings si Gariigta ah" (ka Empire Byzantine in ay badda bari). Sidaa darteed, in Kiev hore daaha saameynta sameeyay baayacmushtariyaashii iyo saanacyadii.

From IX qarnigii X, dalalkan oo kuwanuna waxay ahaayeen qayb ka mid ah gobolada dhexe ee gobolka Old Ruush. Inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Vladimir, waxayna la mid noqdeen xuduntii ee domain ah princely, iyo Kiev - xarun kaniisad of Russia oo dhan. Inkastoo Prince of Kiev, mar dambe ma milkiilaha ugu sarreeya xeerarka dalka oo dhan, laakiin waxaa de madaxa xorriyeysey ee madaxda dhulgoosadka, uu aqoonsanayaa "sare" ee la xiriirta amiirradii kale. Waxa ay ahayd xarunta boqortooyooyinka qadiimiga ah, kuwaasi oo ay joogaan inta kale ee dhaxalka.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xaaladda this ahayd ma aha oo kaliya dhinaca wanaagsan. Aad ugu dhaqsiyaha badan dalka Kiev noqday shay ee halganka aad u daran u dhexeeya laamaha kala duwan ee guri ammaan Rurik ah. dagaalka ayaa sidoo kale ku lug boyars Kievan awood iyo sare ganacsiga iyo farsamada dadka.

Ilaa 1139 ee Kiev carshiga ku fadhiistay Monomakhich: ka dib Mstislava Velikogo in ay awood u yimid, walaalkiis Jaropolk (1132-1139), ka dibna Vyacheslav (1139). Ka dib markii in, carshiga inuu xoog maray qabtay Chernigov Prince Vsevoloda Olgovicha. Olegoviches boqortooyada ahaa mid aad muddo kooban ah. In 1146, uu awood u leeyahay Izyaslav Mstislavich (wakiilka Monomakhich) maray. In 1154 waxaa lagu qabtay by laan Suzdal ku Monomakhich (Yuri Dolgoruky jiray carshiga Kiev ee ilaa dhimashadiisii 1157). Mar xoogga kadibna waxay u gudubtay Olgovich, iyo in 1159 soo laabtay Mstislavovitch.

Horeba ka dhexe ee muhiimadda ay leedahay in qarnigii XII, siyaasadeed oo ilaa markaas lahaa madax ee Kiev, wuxuu bilaabay inuu hoos u. Isla mar ahaantaana ku qaatay burburkii galay xer xeran. By 1170 sano th horey ayaa loo qoondeeyey Kotelnicheskoye, Belgorod, Trepolskoe, Vyshgorod, Torchesk, Kanev iyo kibir Dorogobuzhskaya. Kiev mar dambe kaalin ee xarunta dalalka Ruushka. Isla mar ahaantaana Vladimir iyo Galicia-Volyn dadaal kasta ku hoosaysiiyo Kiev. Muddo markii la joogaba waxay sidaas u yeelaan, iyo carshiga Kiev waa murtad ay.

In 1240 kibir ah ee Kiev ka yar yahay xoogga Batu. Horraantii December, ka dib markii iska caabin quus ah, ayuu wuxuu soo qaatay sagaal iyo adkaaday Kiev. Madax u halakeeyey, inuu ka soo kabsado ka dib oo ku guuldareystay. Tan iyo 1240s ee Kiev waa in shaqada rasmiga ah ee ka Vladimir Princes (Aleksandra Nevskogo, ka dibna laroslavich Jaroslav). In 1299 ee Kiev uu wareejiyay Vladimir waaxda iyo nawaaxigeeda.

Qeybtii hore ee qarnigii 14-kii, Monaco ayaa la wiiqay in ay xadka. Sidaa darteed, waxa uu noqday shayga of gardarada ah Lithuania. In 1362 markii Prince Algirdas dalalkan oo qayb ka mid ah waxay noqdeen Grand Duchy of Lithuania.