Jirridda u dabacsanaadaan, dhismaha iyo shaqada

jirridda dareemayaasha dabacsanaadaan waa mid ka mid ah qaybaha of habdhiska qayb durugsan u dabacsanaadaan.

Qaab-dhismeedka

Iyadoo la tixraacayo dhismeedka of jir u dabacsanaadaan ah (sympathicus Truncus), iyo waa qanjidhada labo ka mid ah in ku xiran yihiin midba midka kale by fiiloyin dabacsanaadaan. xogta waxbarashada ku yaalaan labada dhinac ee khaanadda spinal in oo dhererkiisu dhan.

Mid ka mid ah Guntin ah jirridda u dabacsanaadaan - guuto this neurons autonomic fulinta bedesheen fiiloyin preganglionic (qayb weyn oo dhanba) in ay kasoo baxdo laf-dhabarta, la xirrira laan cad ee isku xidha.

The fiiloyin kor lagu sharaxay waa la xiriiray la unugyada unit baahisey waxaa sidoo kale ka kooban laamaha inter-Guntin in Guntin jirridda below- ama vysheraspolagayuschiysya dabacsanaadaan.

Diyaarin xira laamaha cad lumbar sare iyo thoracic. sacral The, lumbar hoose iyo qanjidhada afka ilmo-galeenka ee noocan tihiin laamihii lahayn.

Ka sokow laamaha cad, go'doon sida laan xira cawl, oo ka kooban inta badan ee fiber postganglionic garawsi iyo dareemayaasha spinal xidhiidha kiniisadaha oo foosto oo la. laamaha noocan oo kale ah u socoto si kasta oo ka mid ah dareemeyaasha laf-dhabarka, ka dhoofin kasta oo ka mid ah qanjidhada jirridda u dabacsanaadaan. Iyadoo qayb ka ah dareemayaasha ay u tagaan si ay xubnaha innervated (qanjidhada, siman iyo muruqyada striated).

Iyadoo qayb ka ah jirridda u dabacsanaadaan (anatomy) ganaax yihiin waaxda soo socda:

1. Sacral.
2. Lumbar.
3. Laab.
4. Qoorta.

hawlaha

Sida laga soo xigtay kooxihii jirridda u dabacsanaadaan iyo ganglia dareemayaasha dastuurka, oo waxaa jira dhowr muuqaalada waxbarashada jidh:

1. Innervation ee madaxa iyo qoorta, iyo sidoo kale gacanta ku hoos, oo weelasha, ay quudinta.
2. Innervation ee saabka thoracic (laamood jir u dabacsanaadaan ka qanjidhada waxaa ka mid ahaa in sidiisa neerfaha ee pleura, diaphragm, pericardium iyo jilibka beerka).
3. Innervation derbiyada vascular (oo ka kooban plexuses dareemayaasha) artery caadi ah, thyroid iyo subclavian halbowleyaasha iyo quseyo.
4. Connect la plexus dareemayaasha dareemayaasha ganglion.
5. Ka qaybqaado dhismaha cøliaki, aortic, plexus mesenteric ee kelyaha iyo ka xoogbadan.
6. Innervation oo ka mid ah xubnaha miskaha sabab u ah dhacdo laamihii ganglia yimaddeen ee jirridda u dabacsanaadaan in plexus hypogastric hoose ee.

The qeybinta jirridda u dabacsanaadaan afka ilmo-galeenka

Iyadoo qayb ka ah dhabarta afka ilmo-galeenka, waxaa jira saddex cutub: ka, dhexe hoose iyo tan sareba. dheeraad ah More mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah ka fiirsan.

Guntin sare

fusiform Waxbarashada dhinacyada 20 * 5 mm. Waxaa ku sugnaa at 2-3 araxda afka ilmo-galeenka (iskutallaabtiisana otrostah) hoos fascia prespinal.

Waxaa ka tago ka Guntin toddoba laamaha ugu waaweyn in ay yihiin fiiloyin postganglionic in innervate xubnaha of madaxa iyo qoorta,

• Ku xiridda laamaha cirro 1, 2, 3 dareemayaasha spinal afka ilmo-galeenka.
• N. jugularis (dareemayaasha Annagaana ugsa dhaw) waxa loo kala qaybiyaa laamo dhowr, labo ka mid ah kuwaas oo ku xiran yihiin in ka glossopharyngeal iyo dareemayaasha vagus, oo ka mid ah - in ay ka dareemayaasha hypoglossal.
• N. internus caroticus (dareemayaasha gudaha hurdo) galaa qolof ah barxadda dibadda ee halbowlaha artery gudaha ee isku magaca iyo waxaa foomamka plexus, kaas oo ka dhacay degaanka ee galay halbowlaha ah ee isku magaca ku baaran laf temporal entry tago fiiloyin dabacsanaadaan in ay u sameeyaan dareemaha dhagaxa qoto dheer oo kanaalka pterygoid kordhin in wasladdii lafaha. Kadib kabixitaanka channel fiber laga reebay fossa pterygopalatine oo ay ku biiraan dareemayaasha parasympathetic postganglionic ka Guntin pterygopalatine, iyo sidoo kale dareemaha maxillary, ka dibna soo diray in maamulka degaanka ee wajiga. In channel hurdo ka soo laamaha plexus gudaha somnolence kala soocan yihiin, in gelin plexus iyo foomka a tympanum. Ka dhex dhaca qalfoofka hurdo (colnimada Nabiga) galaa plexus ku cavernous, iyo macdantaa ay qaybiyey on weelasha maskaxda, sameynta plexus indhaha cerebral dhexe iyo jilibka halbowlayaasha cerebral. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, plexus cavernous diraa laan in lagugu xiro la fiiloyin parasympathetic Guntin ciliary parasympathetic iyo muruqa innervate dilating ardayga.
• N. externus caroticus (dareemayaasha dibadda hurdo). Wuxuu foomamka plexus dibadda u dhow xididka homonymous iyo laamihiisa, oo dhiigga xubnaha qoorta, wajiga, iyo Duuraa ku siiyo.
• weelasha laan Pharyngeal-doobta raaci derbiga pharyngeal iyo foomka plexus pharyngeal.
• dareemayaasha Wadnaha maraa dhow qaybta sare ee jirridda afka ilmo-galeenka u dabacsanaadaan. dusha saabka xabadka abuuraa plexus wadnaha, oo ku yaalla under xafiiltamaan ee aortic.
• The laamood in ay yihiin qayb ka mid ah dareemaha phrenic. Waxay la xiro diyaarin ee kaabsal iyo seedaha beerka, pericardial, peritoneum parietal muruqa neefsiga, pleura iyo diaphragm.

unit celcelis

Waxbarashada tirada 2 * 2 mm, oo ku yaalla heer 4 of araxda afka ilmo-galeenka, meel artery midaysan caadi ah oo halbowle u thyroid liita. Guntin siinayaa kor u qaada afar nooc laamood:

1. Ku xiridda laamaha cirro kuwa u taga inay 5, 6 dareemayaasha spinal.
2. dareemaha qalbiga Celceliska, oo ku yaalla in ay gadaalka dambe ee halbowlaha artery caadi ah. In saabka of dareemayaasha xabadka waa lug formation of plexus ee wadnaha (qoto dheer), oo ku yaalla inta u dhaxaysa ee dhuunta oo xafiiltamaan ee aortic.
3. The laamood in ay ku lug leeyihiin ururka of subclavian ee dareemayaasha plexus, artery caadiga ah iyo halbowlayaasha thyroid hoose.
4. laanta Mezhduuzlovaya ku xiran ciidankii dabacsanaadaan afka ilmo-galeenka sare.

unit hoose

Waxbarashada waxa uu ku yaalaa ka dambeeya halbowlaha vertebral iyo subclavian ee kor ku xusan. Marar dhif ah, oo ay weheliso Guntin ugu horeysay oo u dabacsanaadaan markaas loo yaqaan stellate Guntin (cervico-thoracic) ee thoracic. shirkii Hoose siinayaa kor u qaada oo lixdii laamood:

1. laanta xira Gray kordhin in 7, 8 dareemayaasha spinal afka ilmo-galeenka.
2. Laanta in uu aado vertebralis plexus ah, kordhin in dhaladii iyo plexus la xirrira dambena halbowlaha cerebral iyo plexus basilar.
3. Xididdada qalbiga hoose, bidix ku sugnaa ka danbeeya quseyo iyo xaq - waayo halbowlaha brachiocephalic oo ku lug leh dhismaha plexus wadnaha qoto dheer.
4. Saasuu geedcanab u ah qayb ka mid ah dareemaha phrenic, laakiin ma sameeyaan plexuses iyo joojiyo in diaphragm, pleura iyo pericardium.
5. Laamihii, taas oo samaysa plexus caadi ah artery halbowlaha.
6. Laanta xididka subclavian.

thorax

Dhismaha jirridda thoracic dabacsanaadaan ka kooban yahay thoracica ganglia (qanjidhada caanaha) - Waxbarashada dareemayaasha qaab saddex xagal, taas oo ah been on luquntooda Xeebaha ee dhinacyada araxda thoracic ah, fascia a hilar iyo pleura ku parietal.

From ganglia ku thoracic tago 6 kooxood oo waaweyn laamood:

1. laanta xira White, kaas oo ka dareemayaasha intercostal (xidido jilibka) jahaysteen iyo dhex gelin qanjidhada ah.
2. laamo isku xidha Gray ka yimid ganglia iyo waxaa loo diraa dareemayaasha intercostal.
3. The laamood mediastinum ah. Soo jeedaan 5 dabacsanaadaan sare GANGA iyo tijaabiyey in qayb mediastinum dambena ka, si wadajir ah ula fiiloyin kale la xirrira bronki iyo plexus esophageal.
4. dareemayaasha thoracic Wadnaha. Soo jeedaan 4-5 ganglia dabacsanaadaan sare, ka qayb formation of aortic oo qoto dheer plexus wadnaha.
5. dareemayaasha Splanchnic waaweyn. laamaha soo ururay oo 5-9 kuus kuus dabacsanaadaan thoracic oo waxay qariyeen fascia intrathoracic. Iyada oo furan u dhexeeya dareemaha dhexe iyo dillaac fudud ee diaphragm lugaha kordhiyay galay saabka caloosha iyo dhamaado plexus cøliaki ganglia. Halabuurka The of this ka mid ah tiro badan oo ah dareemeyaasha fiiloyin preganglionic (taas oo la demin galay plexus ganglia cøliaki on fiiloyin postganglionic) iyo postganglionic in mar hore u wareegeen heerka ganglia thoracic ee jirridda u dabacsanaadaan.
6. vnutrinostny yar dareemayaasha. Waxaa la aasaasay by laan qanjidhada 10-12. Iyada oo diaphragm ku dhoco, wax yar ka lateral n. splanchnicus waaweyn iyo sidoo kale qayb ka mid ah plexus cøliaki ah. Part of the fiiloyin preganglionic ee dareemayaasha this ee ganglia u dabacsanaadaan la demin postganglionarnae, iyo qaar ka mid ah waa in ay xubnaha.

lumbar

Lumbar ganglia dabacsanaadaan jirridda - ma kale oo, sida in la sii wado silsiladda ganglia ku thoracic. Lumbar ka kooban yahay 4 qanjidhada in ku yaalaan labada dhinac ee dhabarta qarkiisa hoose oo muruqa ah lumbar waaweyn. On the qanjidhada dhinacaaga midig visualized ka cava ku vena liita, iyo xagga bidixda dibadda - dibadda ka quseyo.

Laamood jirridda lumbar dabacsanaadaan waa:

1. laamo isku xidha White kordhin laga bilaabo 1 iyo 2 dareemayaasha lumbar spinal oo ku haboon in 1 iyo 2 ganglia.
2. laanta Gray xira. Isku ganglia lumbar dhammaan dareemayaasha lumbar spinal ah.
3. laamaha Lumbar splanchnic in la kordhiyo ka ganglia oo dhan oo wuxuu soo geli hypogastric sare, cøliaki, aortic caloosha, kelyaha iyo ka xoogbadan, plexus mesenteric.

qeybta sacral

qaybta lowermost (siday u kala horreeyaan dhiismeedka jirridda u dabacsanaadaan) waa qeybta sacral in ka kooban yahay hal shirka coccygeal unpaired iyo afar lammaane oo ganglia sacral. Qanjidhada yar oo ku yaalla dillaac fudud in godadka sacral jilibka.

Waxaa jira dhowr laamood qaybtii sacral ee jirridda u dabacsanaadaan:

1. Gray xira laanta iyo xidhxidhan u dareemayaasha spinal sacral.
2. dareemayaasha Splanchnic in ay yihiin qayb ka mid ah plexuses autonomic ee miskaha. Dunta dareemayaasha visceral ka xogta la xirrira plexus hoose hypogastric, oo ku taala meel on laamihii halbowlaha iliac gudaha kaas oo dhex gelin dareemayaasha dabacsanaadaan in xubnaha miskaha.