Cephalosporins kiniin qarnigan 4-tii. Antibiotics-cephalosporins jiilka 4aad

Cephalosporins ka tirsan daroogada beta-lactam. Waxay wakiil mid ka mid ah fasalada ugu weyn ee daawooyin lid ku ah bakteeriyada.

Guudmarka

Cusub waxaa loo tixgeliyaa cephalosporins qarnigan 4-tii. Foomamka Oral in kooxdan aan la heli karin. Saddexda haray waxaa matala hab isticmaalka afka iyo parenteral. Cephalosporins leeyihiin wax soo saarka sare iyo sumoobo yar. Sababo la joogo iyagu mashquulin meel keentay inta jeer ee isticmaalka ku dhaqanka caafimaad ee dhamaan wakiilada bakteeriyada.

Tilmaamayaasha Isticmaalka jiilka kasta cephalosporins ku xiran tahay guryaha pharmacokinetic iyo waxqabadka bakteeriyada. Daawooyinka waxay leeyihiin isku mid ah dhismaha ah in penicillin ah. Waxaa go'aamisa hab ay uniform of saamaynta antimicrobial, iyo sidoo kale cross-xasaasiyadda ee bukaanada qaar ka mid ah.

kala duwan oo ka mid ah hawlaha

Cephalosporins leeyihiin saamayn bactericidal. Waxay ku xiran yahay xadgudubku la xirrira derbiyada unug ka mid ah bakteeriyada. Ka mid ah kuwii hore ka ab saddexaad u janjeera in ay si weyn u weynayn kala duwan ee ficil iyo kor loogu qaado waxqabadka antimicrobial on microbes Gram-negative saamayn yar hoos on sheyga garaam-positive. Si guud ee guryaha warbaahinta oo dhan waxaa ka mid ah maqnaanshaha saamayn weyn ku enterococci iyo qaar ka mid ah microbes kale.

Bukaan badan ayaa xiiso u qabta, sababta ma sii daayay cephalosporins qarnigan 4-ta kiniinada? Xaqiiqada ah in daawooyinka waxay leeyihiin qaab kelli gaar ah. Waxa aan u oggolayn sinji in ay dhex gasho qaab dhismeedka of unugyada xabka xiidmaha. Sidaa darteed, ka cephalosporins qarnigan 4-ta kiniinada aan la heli karin. Dhammaan daawooyinka ee kooxdan waxaa loogu talagalay maamulka parenteral. Available in 4 farcankii cephalosporins in ampoules la dareeraha ah.

cephalosporins jiilka 4aad

Daroogada ee kooxdan waxaa si gaar ah loo qoondeeyey by takhasus. Tani waa category a cusub ee daawooyinka. Cephalosporins 3, 4 qarni kala duwan oo la mid ah ka mid ah saamaynta. Farqiga u dhexeeya waa in waxyeelo ka yar in kooxda labaad. Oo macnaheedu yahay "Cefepime", tusaale ahaan, tiro ka mid ah oo xuduudaheedu ku dhow in daawooyinka-qarnigooda saddexaad. Laakiin sabab u dhegyadii qaar ka mid ah qaab-dhismeedka kiimikada, waxa ay leedahay awood ay ku geli derbigii dibadda ee sheyga garaam-negative. Xaaladdan oo kale waxay ka dhigan tahay "Cefepime" yara deggan si hydrolysis by beta-lactamases (koromosoomyada) C-fasalka. Sidaa darteed, ka sifooyinka gaarka ah si ay u cephalosporins jiilka 3aad gooni (oo macnaheedu yahay "ceftriaxone" "Cefotaxime"), soo bandhigaa daroogada sifooyinka sida:

• raadka ay ku leeyihiin microbial overproducing beta-lactamases (koromosoomyada) C-class;
• qaraabo waxqabadka sare in sheyga aan khamiirkii;
• caabiga sare si hydrolysis of spectrum beta-lactamase faafidda (qiimaha habkaani ma cadda ilaa iyo dhamaadka).

daawooyinka Ingibitorzaschischennye

Kooxdan waxaa ka mid ah mid ka mid ah daroogada "Cefoperazone / Sulbactam". In la barbardhigo monosredstvom, medicament isku daro ayaa ballaadhiyaa spectrum dhaqdhaqaaqa. Wuxuu saameeyaa sheyga anaerobic ah, inta badan nooc ee Enterobacteriaceae, oo awood u leh soo saarista beta-lactamases.

Pharmacokinetics

Parenteral Cephalosporins 3, 4, jiilka of a si aad u wanaagsan u nuugo marka ay maamusho muruqa. Medicaments maamulka afka lagu gartaa nuugista sare ee mareenka caloosha iyo mindhicirka. Bioavailability ku xirnaan doontaa medicament gaar ah. Waa kala duwan ee 40-50% (daroogo "cefixime", tusaale ahaan) in 95% (deeqdaas "Cefaclor" "cefadroxil" "Cephalexin"). nuugista Oral daawooyinka qaarkood hoos u dhigi karaa cunto qaadashada. Laakiin daroogada noocan oo kale ah sida "qofku Cefuroxime" inta lagu jiro nuugista hydrolyzed. sii daayo More deg deg ah oo qayb firfircoon marka ay kor u cunto.

cephalosporins qarnigan 4-tii waxaa si fiican u qaybiyey unugyo badan iyo xubnaha (marka laga reebo 'prostate'), iyo sidoo kale waxyaalaha qarsoon. At uruureen daroogada sare waxaa laga helaa dheecaanka synovial iyo xuubka hoose, pericardial iyo pleural, lafaha iyo maqaarka, unugyada jilicsan, beerka, murqaha, kelyaha iyo sambabada. Awoodda in ay gudbaan BBB iyo foomka uruuray daweynta ee CSF waa inta badan sameysa ee daroogada-qarnigooda saddexaad sida "Ceftazidime" "ceftriaxone" sidoo kale "Cefotaxime" iyo wakiilka afaraad - oo macnaheedu yahay "Cefepime".

Dheef iyo Digo

Inta badan cephalosporins ma ku xiran yihiin suuska. marka laga reebo An waxaa loo arkaa daawo "cefotaxime". Waxaa biotransfomiruetsya raacay by formation of saarka firfircoon. cephalosporins raaca qarnigan 4-tii, iyo sidoo kale wakiilo ka kale, inta badan kelyaha. Marka engegay kaadida waxaa laga helaa uruureen xad sare.

Daawooyinka "Cefoperazone" iyo "ceftriaxone" gartaa baabi'inta a double - beerka iyo kelyaha. Waayo, cephalosporins ugu bar-nolosha waa hal ilaa laba saacadood gudahood. wakhti dheer loo baahan yahay deeqdaas "ceftibuten," "cefixime" (3-4 saacadood) iyo sidoo kale "ceftriaxone" (8.5 saacadood). Tani waxay suuro gelineysaa in ay iyaga u yeelaan hal mar maalintii. In bukaanka qaba kelyaha, qiyaasta daawada u baahan yahay in la saxo.

waxyeellooyin

Antibiyootikada - cephalosporins jiilka 4aad - keeni tiro ka mid ah cawaaqib xun, oo ay ku jiraan:

• Xasaasiyadda. Bukaan-socodka la kulmi karaan multiforme erythema, finan, urtikaria, bukaanka serum, eosinophilia. Dhibaatooyinka ay keento this category sidoo kale ka mid lama filaan ah anaphylactic, qandho, anjioedema, bronchoconstriction.
• reactions Hematologic. iyaga ka mid ah waa in ay bixiso wanaagsan Coombs, leucopenia, eosinophilia (aan caadi ahayn), dhiig hemolytic, neutropenia.
• cudurada neerfayaasha. In codsiga ah ee qaadasho sare ee bukaanka qaba cillad kelyaha gariir arkay.
• Beerka: kordhay transaminases.
• cudurada dheefshiidka. Waxaa ka mid ah saamaynta xun yihiin shuban wax caadi ah, ulcerös pseudomembranous, matag iyo lallabo, xanuun caloosha. In the case of saxaro dareere ah la jajabkii dhiig daroogada rogay.
• reactions Local. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid dhexgalka iyo xanuunka goobta of duridda iyo phlebitis la isku duro xididka.
• Dhibaatooyinka kale waxaa ka muujiyay qaab candidiasis siilka iyo afka.

Tilmaamayaasha iyo sababo

cephalosporins qarnigan 4-tii loo xilsaaray markii nizkominalnyh culus doorbidayaa caabuqa ay keento microflora daawooyinka badan u adkeysata. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid pleura empyema, malax ee sambabada, pneumonia, septicaemia, lafta iyo cudura wadajir ah. 4 muujinaysaa cudurada cephalosporins jiilka adag by nooc kaadi mareenka, dhanka ah neutropenia iyo waddamada kale ee immunodeficient. Daawooyinka waxaa loo qorin dulqaad shaqsi.

tallaabooyin taxaddar

In codsanaya xasaasiyadda nooca cross-arkay. Bukaan-xejin of penicillin calaamadeeyay cadaanyo la mid ah cephalosporins jiilka kowaad. xasaasiyadda Cross markaad codsanayso category labaad ama kan saddexaad oo taharyar junuud (in 1-3% ee kiisaska). Iyadoo taariikh falcelin degdeg ah nooca (tus, shoog , ama cudurka urtikaria), oo ka mid ah daroogada jiilka kowaad ee loo xilsaaray si taxadir leh. The diyaar ah qaybaha soo socda (gaar ahaan kii afraad) waa ammaan.

Uurka iyo nuujinta

Cephalosporins waxaa ka horreeya dhalmada oo aan wax xayiraad gaar ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxbarashada gacanta ku filan oo ku saabsan ammaanka ee daawooyinka aan lagu sameeyay. At uruureen hoose ee cephalosporins geli karin caanaha. Against asalka ah ee daroogada lagu jiro nuujinta ay u badan tahay in la beddelo ee microflora mindhicirka ee, candidiasis, finan maqaarka ah, wacyi carruurta.

Caruurta iyo geriatri

In codsiga ah ee dhasha waxay u badan tahay waxay kordhin doontaa badhkiis nolosha ku saabsan asalka ah Iscelin of Digo kelyaha. In bukaanka dadka waayeelka ah, isbeddel ku function kelyaha, oo sidaas daraaddeed dakkada badan tahay in ay ka saareen daawooyinka. Tani waxay u baahan karaan codsiga circuit sixitaanka iyo qiyaasta.

cillad renal

Tan iyo ka saarida cephalosporins ugu dhacdaa ugu horrayn loo sii marayo Nidaamka kelyaha foomka firfircoon, mudada qiyaasta la beddelo waa in si ay u muujiyaan astaamaha u shaqeeyo. At qaadasho sare, gaar ahaan isku dhafan oo diuretics loop, aminoglycoside ama dhacdo tahay saamaynta nephrotoxic.

cillad beerka

Daawooyinka qaarkood waxaa raaca in bile ah, oo sidaas daraaddeed bukaanka qaba beer xanuun daran, qiyaasta waa in la dhimay. In bukaanka, kuwaas oo halkaas waa ka dhaxleen sare oo dhiig iyo gipoprotrombinemii codsiga macnaheedu yahay "Cefoperazone". Iyadoo tallaabo ka hortag ah lagu talinayaa in vitamin K.