Halkee ahaa Constantinople? Sida hadda waxaa loo yaqaan Constantinople?

magaalada The halyeeyga ayaa badalay magacyo badan, iyo quruumaha iyo Rayaale ... horjeeda The weligeed ah ee Rome, ishaartay ee Orthodox kiristaanka iyo caasimadda ah ee boqortooyadiisa, kaas oo jiray qarnigii a ... In maps casri ah oo magaaladan laguma waxaad ka heli doontaa, si kastaba ha ahaatee, inuu nool yahay oo sii kordhaya waa. meeshii uu ahaa Constantinople, ku taala meel aan aad u fog naga. On taariikhda magaaladan iyo halyeeyadoodii hore ay qurxoon oo ka wadahadlay in this article.

bixitaanka

Ceshadaan dhulkii, oo ku yaalla inta u dhaxaysa labada Badood - Black Sea iyo Mediterranean-ka, dadka ayaa bilaabay in BC qarnigii VII ee Sida ay iyagu yidhaahdaan qoraallada Giriigga, on xeebta waqooyiga ee Bosphoru degto gumeysi of Mileetos. Asian Coast Strait obzhili Megara. Labada magaalo taagnaa is qaabili - qaybta Yurub ee Mileetos wuxuu ahaa Byzantium, xeebta koonfureed - Megara Kalhedon. Xaaladdan ayaa loo ogol yahay tuulada si loo xakameeyo Bosphoru. ganacsiga boobsiis u dhexeeya dalalka ee Badda Madow iyo Badda Aegean ka, socodka caadiga ah ee badeecada, ganacsiga iyo Markabka ciidamada duulaan ku siin kastamka labadaba ka mid ah magaalooyinka, taas oo ugu dhakhsaha badan noqon doonaa mid ka mid ah.

Sidaas darteed, meesha narrowest of Bosporus ah, ka dib loo magacaabay gacanka of Horn Golden ah, oo ahaa hal dhibic halkaas oo magaalada ka mid ah Constantinople.

Isku dayaysa in ay qabsadaan Byzantium

Rich iyo saameynta Byzantium soo jiidatay dareenka of Guud iyo guulaysannaa badan. About 30 sano inta lagu guda jiro conquests Daariyus, Byzantium hoos xukunka boqortooyadii reer Faaris ahaa. Golf nolosha yara xasilloon boqolaal sano in ay irdaha ay soo dhawaaday ciidanka boqorka reer Makedoniya - Philip. bilood Dhowr weerarku ku guuldareystay. muwaadiniinta ganacsiga iyo hodanka ka doorteen inay bixiyaan cashuur ugu duulay badan, halkii ay ka qayb galaan dagaalka lagu hoobtay oo fara badan. Furid Byzantium guulaysteen boqor kale reer Makedoniya - Alexander the Great.

Ka dib markii Aleksandra Makedonskogo boqortooyadiisa u qeybsanaa, magaalada sarkhaansan Rome yimid.

Kiristaanka ee Byzantium

caadooyinka taariikh iyo dhaqan Roman iyo Greek ma waxay ahaayeen ilaha kaliya ee dhaqanka ee mustaqbalka ee Constantinople. Asal ahaan in dhulalka bari ee Roman Empire ah, diin cusub, sida kaaha dab loogu sameeyo gobollada oo dhan ee qadiimiga Rome. bulshooyinka Christian geeyey safafka dadka diimaha kala duwan ay, iyadoo heerarka kala duwan ee waxbarashada iyo dakhliga. Laakiin mar hore in times rususha, ee AD qarnigii labaad, waxaa jiray dugsiyada Christian badan iyo taxadiri ugu horeysay ee suugaanta Christian. Multilingual Masiixiyada waxaa si tartiib ah soo baxaya ee catacombs iyo buunkii laftiisa leeyahay dunida.

boqorada Christian

Markii la kala fujiyey, waxbarashada weyn dadweynaha qaybta bari ee Boqortooyada Roomaanka waxay bilaabeen inay isku dhig dowlad ahaan Christian. Emperor Constantine qaaday awoodda magaalada qadiimiga ah, waxaa magacaabayo Constantinople, isaga qudhiisu ka dib. cadaadis ah ee Kiristanka ayaa lagu joojiyo, macbudyo iyo goobaha cibaadada Masiix ayaa bilaabay in la qadarin on par leh geedihii Asheeraah jaahilka. Constantine qudhiisa la baabtiisay uu sakaraad ee 337. boqorada Xiga joogto ah hormariyaan una difaacaan Diinta Kirishtaanka. A Justinian VI ee. BC Masiixiyada ayaa ka tagay oo kaliya diin gobolka by mamnuucay banneeyey Nicmoolayda waxa qadiimiga ah ee dalka reer Empire Byzantine ah.

macbudyo Constantinople

taageero State for iimaanka cusub oo saameyn togan ku saabsan nolosha iyo qaab-dhismeedka siyaasadeed ee magaalada qadiimiga ah. dalka ee Constantinople, full macbudyo iyo calaamadaha of iimaanka Christian badan. In magaalooyinka reer boqortooyadiisa waxaa ka joogay kaniisadaha, adeegyada la qabtay, soo jiitay in ciidan dheeraad ah iyo adepts dheeraad ah. Mid ka mid ah cathedrals ugu horeysay caan baxday waqtigan, ayaa macbudkan ee Sofia ee Constantinople.

Church of St .. Sofia

Its aasaasaha ahaa Konstantin Veliky. Magaca Kani waxa uu ahaa mid baahsan Bariga Yurub. Sophia yeedhay weli a Christian, kuwaas oo ku noolaa in BC II qarnigii Mararka qaarkood loo yaqaan Ciise Masiix xigmad iyo deeq waxbarasho. Ka dib markii Tusaale ahaan ee Constantinople, kiniisadaha Christian marka hore la magacan ku baahsan dhulka bariga ee boqortooyada. ina Constantine iyo kii dhaxalka lahaa carshiga Byzantine, gooyo Constantius dhisay macbudka, taas oo xataa ka badan qurux badan iyo Waasacnimo. Mid ka mid ah boqol sano ka dib, inta lagu guda jiro cadaadis darnaa ee fiqi ugu horeysay ee Christian iyo falsafo Ioanna Bogoslova, macbudyo Constantinople waxaa lagu halligay mucaaradka, iyo Cathedral ee St .. Sofia gubay oo dhulka ku.

nooleenta ee kaniisadda waxaa laga sameeyey suuragal ah keliya inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Emperor Justinian.

taliye Christian New la doonayo inay dib u dhisaan katedraalka. Sida laga soo xigtay isaga si, Sophia Hagia ee Constantinople waa la murwayn, oo heegan ah in ay iyada kaniisad waxaa ku waajib ah inuu dhaafo quruxda iyo waynaanta ee xarunta kasta oo kale oo noocan oo kale ah ee dunida. Waayo, dhismaha masterpiece this of Emperor yeedhay injineero si fiican u yaqaan iyo waxdhisayaashii waqtiga - Amphimachus ka Thrall iyo Isidore of Mileetos. In injineero gudbinta shaqeeyay boqol iyo caawiyeyaasha, iyo 10 kun. Dadka ayaa la shaqeeya si toos ah in dhismaha. Qurbaanka Isidore iyo Amphimachus ahaa waxyaabaha ugu kaamil ah dhismaha - dhagax adag, marmar ah, iyo birta qaaliga ah. Dhismaha socday muddo shan sano ah, iyo natiijada dhaafo oo dhan laga filayo.

Sida laga soo xigtay xisaabaadka saffarro, soo ururin meel macbudka Constantinople magaalada qadiimiga ah ugu talinayay, sida doonni on hirarka. On mucjiso la yaab leh soo ururiyeen si ay u arkaan dadka Masiixiyiinta ah oo dhan ka aheed.

daciifisa of Constantinople

In VII qarnigii ee Jasiirada Carabta, a cusub dagaal state Islamic - Arab midowga. Under uu cadaadis Byzantium badiyay gobolladiisii oo ay bari, halka gobolka Yurub si tartiib tartiib ah ay qabsadeen Phrygians, Slavs, Bulgarian. meesha Constantinople ah, ayaa si joogta ah lagu weeraray oo waxay hareereeyeen baad ah by. Empire Byzantine ayaa waxaa laga badiyay ay booska Bariga Yurub, iyo si tartiib tartiib ah u galay suuska dhacay.

in 1204 Ciidamada Saliibiyiinta ee raxan ah uguurtay iyo lugta Faransiiska qaaday Constantinople hareereeyo bilood-dheer. Ka dib markii iska caabin dheer oo magaalada ku dhacday oo la ceyriyay by duulay ah. dabka ayaa burburiyey shuqulkaagii badan oo farshaxan iyo taxadiri. On kaalinta istaageen tiro badan oo hodan ku ah Constantinople, waa nala dumiyey oo waxay dhaceen caasimadda Romeyskoy Empire. In 1261 Byzantines ay awoodaan in ay dib u Constantinople ka Latins ah, laakiin inuu ku soo laabto magaalada ay weynaanta hore ma suurto gal ahayd.

boqortooyadiisa ka urub

By XV qarnigii urub Empire si firfircoon balaariyay xuduudaha ay dhulka Yurub, oo fidsan Islam by seef iyo laaluush ku lifaaqan oo uu hantidiisa dalka iyo aad u badan. In 1402, Sultan Turkish ah Bayezid horeba isku dayeen in ay qaataan Constantinople, laakiin waxaa adkaaday Amir Timur. Guul darradii Anker wiiqi ciidamada ee boqortooyada, iyo kordhiyay muddo xasilloon jiritaanka Constantinople for qarnigii kale bar.

In 1452, Sultan Mehmed 2 ka dib markii si taxaddar leh diyaarinta ku daray inuu soo qabto ee caasimadda Empire Byzantine ah. Pre-wuxuu qaaday daryeelka ee qabsaday magaalooyinka yar yar, hareereeyey Constantinople iyo xulufadiisu ay bilaabeen hareereeyo. Habeenka May 28, 1453 magaaladii la qabsaday. kaniisadaha Christian badan oo waxaa lagu galay masaajidda jeestay, images of quduusiinta iyo calaamadaha Masiixiga tirtiray derbiyada cathedrals, iyo in ka badan St. Sophia duulay bilaha.

Empire Byzantine ka joogsadeen si uu u jiro, iyo qayb ka mid ah Constantinople Boqortooyadii Cismaaniyadda noqday.

Boqortooyada Suleiman weyn siiyey Constantinople ah "Age Golden" cusub. Marka loo dhisay Suleymaniye Masaajidka, kaasoo noqda calaamad dadka muslimiinta ah, isku mid ah sida ay weli of St .. Sofia for Christian kasta. dhimashada Suleiman dib markii Boqortooyadii Cismaaniyadda oo dhan jiritaankeeda sii waday in ay qurxiyaan magaalada qadiimiga ah ee masterpieces ee naqshadaha iyo naqshadaha.

Metamorphosis magaca magaalada

Ka dib markii qabsaday magaalada Turkigu ma si rasmi ah waxaa magaca. Waayo, dadka Gariigta ah, waxa uu ku ceshan magaceeda. On lid ku ah, oo afka ah dadka deegaanka Turkish iyo Carabta ka bilaabay inay ka dhawaajiyaan sii kordheysa "Istanbul", "Stanbul", "Istanbul" - in sii kordheysa noqday yaqaan Constantinople. Haddaba waxaa loo yaqaan laba nooc oo asal ahaan magacyadoodu waa kuwan. xiqiijiyay ugu horeysay sheegtay in magaca - baafinta weedh xun Greek oo macnaheedu yahay "Anigu waan tegayaa oo ay magaaladii soo galeen, si ay u tagaan magaalada." Aragti kale oo ku salaysan yahay magaca Islambouli, taas oo macnaheedu yahay "magaalada of Islam". Labada qeybood oo ay xaq u leeyihiin in ay ka jiraan. Wax kasta oo ay ahayd, magaca Constantinople wali la isticmaalo, laakiin nolol maalmeedka ku yimaado oo ku ekaaday, oo magaca Istanbul. Waxaa foomkan oo magaalada iyo maps of dalal badan, oo ay ku jiraan Russia yimid, laakiin dadka Gariigta ah weli loo magacaabay in sharaf of Constantine Emperor ah.

casriga Istanbul

meesha waa Constantinople, hadda leedahay Turkey. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, horyaalka ee magaalada caasimadda ah ayaa durbaba laga badiyay: by go'aanka maamulka Turkish caasimada ee 1923 ayaa waxaa u dhaqaaqay Ankara. Inkastoo Constantinople, hadda loo yaqaan Istanbul, dalxiisayaasha iyo dadka soo booqda dad badan oo si Byzantium qadiimiga weli waa magaalo weyn oo leh uga taxadiri badan oo naqshadda dhismaha iyo farshaxanka, hodan ku ah soo dhawayn koonfurta, oo had iyo jeer xusuus.