Gabayaana waxaa mar Pushkin ee: liiska shuqullada

Poets of time Pushkin ee - ugub ah in uu yahay da'da ah oo dahab ah oo ah gabayo Ruush iyo qeexay qaabka 1810-1830 GG. (Waayo, tixraaca: raacaan - Silver Age - xudduud 1894-1929 GG.). Haddii nuurka dahab ah oo qorraxda ku siinayaa, moon habeenkii - lacag ah, laakiin taasi waa sheeko kale, iyo sidoo kale waa arrin xiiso leh.

Sidee, ka dibna, waxaa jiray wax caynkaas ah - "gabayaaga waqti Pushkin ee"? Close si Pushkin abuuray lyricists badan oo cajiib ah. Laakiin wareegga this waa macquul in la sameeyo Gabayaana waxaa ku jiray ayaa ku dhow inay Classics weyn ku jirta ruuxa, la wadaago isaga la jiray oo views falsafada, booska bulshada iyo bulshada rayidka ah, anshaxa iyo bilicsanaanta aaminsan yahay, dadka la dhibana suugaanta isla dooday.

Poets Pushkin Times: liiska

By dejinta liiskan, si aad u baahan tahay in lagu soo dhawaaday aad si taxadir leh. Haddii ay lagama maarmaan tahay si loo hubiyo in Zhukovsky Batiushkov iyo D. Davidov, ka dibna Lermontov, Koltsov Polezhaeva iyo waxaa hore u gudbiyo Zaman poslepushkinskoy ah, sidii ay dhibaatooyin iyo pathos kale ee gabayada.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inta badan waxaa la rumeysan yahay in gabayayaashiinnu waqti Pushkin ee - waa dadka kuwaas oo ku noolaa ayay ka shaqeeyeen hal mar la Pushkin. Iyo iyadoo aan loo eegayn sida dhow ay ruuxa iyo dhibic suugaanta of view, Abwaan weyn jiray, wuxuu ahaa go'aan oo kaliya in ay ku hawlan gabayada waqti isku mid ah, oo si joogto ah loo hagaajiyo xirfadaha ay u baranaya midba midka kale ka.

Sidaas daraaddeed, kuwa Gabayaana waxaa waqti Pushkin ee? Liiska, dabcan, inta aanad bilaabin la fanaaniinta sida V. A. Zhukovsky ( "Svetlana", "Badda", "Lyudmila," "King of Forest ah," "Evening"), K. Batyushkov ( "Dream", " fariin ka I. M. Muravevu-Apostol "," My girgire "," Ariosto iyo Tasso "," Petrarch "), PA Vyazemsky (" ubax baabba'ayn "," ilmo of sagootin ah "," kaniisadda Village "," King Peas "" dadka Good "), DV Davydov (" Xajka "," Borodino beerta "," Hussar qirasho "," My song "," Wisdom "," waan ku jeclahay sababtoo ah ... "," Siskin iyo Rose "), F. N. Glinka (" on piiticheskoy Pushkin ee nolosha "," Qormo ku saabsan dagaalka Borodino "," Job, free odrazhanie Kitaabka Ayuub, "" Guusha waayo, shaqo joojin saddex mar "), M. V. Milonov (" Rate Rubella "," Si walaashay "," caleemo dhaca "," Fariinta beeralayda "), PA Katenin ( "Natasha", "gacankudhiigle", "Goblin", "Olga", "Andromache") iyo dad kale oo horay u dhacay ahaayeen qorayaasha, iyo qaar ka mid ah ay ahaayeen wax badan ka weyn iyo in ka badan khibrad badan Pushkin qudhiisa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kadib markii uu kulan isaga la ay ogaadeen saamaynta ay awood badan, labada aadanaha iyo farshaxanka.

theme ugu badan oo caan ah oo ka mid ah da 'ah oo dahab ah oo ah gabayo lahaa fariin saaxiibtinimo. Poets Pushkin Times Batyushkov iyo Zhukovsky, kii uu tixgeliyaa macalimiinta ahaayeen awowayaashood ay, laakiin markaas noocan oo kale ah gabayo la sugay sii Pushkin qudhiisa. Alexander jeclaaday Batiushkov oo loo yeedhay "Faylasuuf ah ee kala nastay barbaro sare" iyo "caajisnimadana faraxsan Parnassian" sababta oo ah gabayo Batiushkov khilaafeen euphony ama, si sax ah, dhawaaqa muusikada. Waxa uu ku dhuftay alifku aan caadi ahayn, kaas oo soo noqnoqda "s" ee shibanne: "Happiness ku kaca guga"; "Guga Lovelier" iyo wixii la mid ah. D.

Fasalka-lyceum

Markaas liiska this waa in sidoo kale waxaa ka mid ah fasalka uu, ardayda dugsiga sare, iyo saaxiibada kuu dhow: V. K. Kyuhelbekera ( "Griboyedov", "ODE waa in la dilaa ee Byron", "Argives," "In 1829", "Masiirka mid ah gabayayaashiinnu Ruush"), A. A. Delviga ( "A. S. Pushkinu", "Gabay jacayl", "Sonnet", "Epilogue") iyo A. D. Illichevskogo ( "Hope", "19 October", "Saddex Blind Man", "yuul The iyo sababta "," wastaad iyo nijaarkii "). By habka, ugu dambeeyey ee soo jiidashada dhabta ah ee Pushkin loo yaqaan "waxay ahaayeen ugu bay", "saaxiib iyo col" sidii uu ku sameeyey ayaa la texgeliyo inuu ugu weyn ee gabayada.

Waxaan ahaayeen on liiska, iyo saffarro oo la Abwaan weyn oo muddo kala duwan ee uu noloshiisa la kulmay, iyo, dabcan, sababta oo ah hadiyad gaar ah iyo talanti, ay weli laga helay waddadiisa farshaxanka iyo suugaanta. Tani Languages nm ( "duufaanka", "Spring", "A. S. Pushkinu", "Trigorskoye", "Morning"), EA Baratynsky ( "dhaawac", "Muse", "biyo-dhac") . Iyagoo jidadkooda hal abuur leh u soo dhawaaday, ka dibna qaybsadeen la Pushkin.

Si aad liiska this waxaan ku dari kartaa koox kale - dadka lahaa tayo aad u yar, laakiin ka dib markii la kulma saameynta ay awood badan oo ka mid ah shaqsiyad iyo soo jiidashada of hanad Pushkin ee, mid aad u fudud in ay bartaan mawduuca iyo istareexsan ee style cad oo hufan gabay. Waxaa KF Ryleev ( "Ivan Susanin", "Dhimashada Ermak", "Dimitriy Samozvanets"), FA Tumansky ( "Birdy," "Elegy", "hooyo"), VI Tumansky ( "Odessa "," Singer, "" Tiff "," Dib u heshiisiinta "), V. G. Teplyakov (" jabkii "," pages White "," Ruuxa "," My marwada jir "), DP Oznobishin (" taaj " "qarsoodiga ah ee Nebi," "jinni masayr ah", "Duma"), A. I. Podolinsky ( "saamigii", "sawirka", "Dulucda sheekada", "Star"), iyo kuwa kale.

dayda

In liiskan waxaa jiray qaar ka mid ah kuwo ku dayda iyo epigones of Pushkin, kuwaas oo kaliya ka guulaystay talantigii gabay ah hanad weyn (PA Pletnev, M. D. Delaryu, V. N. Schastny, AA Shishkov, E. F. Rozen) .

Guud ahaan, magacyada oo dhan - waana wakhtigii Abwaan Pushkin ee. Davydov, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waayeel casriga ah ee Pushkin, iska kibirka oo meel liiska this. Pushkin u maleeyeen heer sare ah shuqulladiisa gabay, oo waxay u baxday xulkan "adkeeyo" aayaadka.

Hussar Davydov lahaa gaar ah oo heer sare ah asalka cod gabay. Uu gashaday maaskaro suugaanta geesi ah iyo taxadar la'aan, digtoonaan, xulkan waa iyo Abwaan Abwaan baashaalayay-guuxid faraxsanaa kaasoo aan weligiis nahey in ay ku xad caadiga ah dhaqanka bulshada iyo decorum, halka uu doorbiday halleeyo lillaahinimada iyo qummanaanta erayada mannerisms cutesy, wuxuu ka kaas oo ahaa caajiso .

Gusar-Abwaan

Indeed, ka fog isagoo angelvmi waxay ahayd gabayaaga waqti Pushkin ee. Davydov Denis Vasilevich ka mid ah saaxiibada xoog badan ay diyaar u tahay wax kasta oo waaweyn, iyo ugu Raaxaynay "orgy free" dhexeeya dagaal. Wuxuu way taagnaan kari waayeen careerists oo u ololeeya, oo dhan cajalad cas iyo layliga. Waxa uu had iyo jeer waa, xataa daqiiqado nasasho gaaban, ha iloobin oo ku saabsan hooyo iyo ciidanka ka hor iyada. Uu gabay waa mid gaar ah in ay hab gaar ah, waxa uu ku dhashay dagaallada, ololaha, iyo mudada u dhexeeya dagaalo, iyo in uu ku hanweyn yahay.

Abwaan Aad u asal ah wakhti Pushkin ee. Davydov Denis Vasilevich Tusaale ahaan of hussar ku heyso inay maaskaro iyo razgulnika gabayaa, si dhididka dheeraad ah iyo in aysan qaadan off, haddii biireen la.

In lyrics uu ka dhawaajisay songs "hussar", gabayo garneel iyo jacaylka Elegy, ayuu ka abuuray nooc cusub oo ah halyeey - a dagaalyahan-waddani, xorriyadda-jecel, firfircoon, naftiinna oo u furan of nin.

Vyazemsky - Abwaan waqti Pushkin ee a

Sii theme waa in xaqiiqada ah in la ogaadaa in Pushkin jeclaaday oo la ixtiraamo Vyazemsky. Waxa ay u muuqatay in ay isaga in la dari ay dabiicadda isha iyo dareenka saxda ah ee casriga. Waxa uu ahaa nin caadi ahayn erudite aqoonta encyclopedic.

Ka sokow Vyazemskij - adherent iyo theorist of nasjonalromantiske Ruush. Laakiin wuxuu qoray, oo uu jeclaa si ay u tagaan doodaha, oo shuqullada siiyey qallayl gaar ah iyo wax yar cidhiidhi gala niyadda dareenka iyo jacaylka. Uu dhaqanka ku ladhan ahaa mid aad u la mid ah Pushkin. Vyazemsky qudhiisu tixgeliyo kii dhaxalka lahaa ee qarnigii XVIII ka, taageere ka mid ah faylosuufiinta Faransiis sida Voltaire, oo ahaa Age cajiib ah wax Nuurin la'aantiis.

Pyotr Andreyevich Vyazemsky soo baxay gabayaa sababtoo ah jacaylka waxbarashada iyo sababta, waxa uu soo jiitay liberalism, waxa uu ahaa a free-fekeraya, dabagalka hawlaha rayidka ah iyo dowladda faa'iido. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in uu shaqada, waxa uu ahaa muxaafid ah, oo inta badan lagu waday inuu foomamka dhaqanka ee gabayada - ODE fariin saaxiibtinimo xorriyadda-jecel, Elegy melancholic, sheekooyin, masaallo, epigrams, korhin iyo didactics.

A. A. Delvig

Mid ka mid ah gabayayaashiinnu waqti Pushkin waa Anton Antonovich Delvig in, si ka duwan Vyazemsky, uu nasjonalromantiske dhar noocyo classical. Waxa uu isticmaalaa qadiimiga, Roman iyo Greek, dhinacyada ku ladhan oo waxay doorteen oo uu idyll gabayada ku sifayn. Tusaale ahaan, saamaynta goobta isla meel aamusnaanta qabow geedaha in isha la dhalaalayay hoos. Uu lyrical - guud ahaan aan si xooga dareenka iyo waxay doonayeen bedelay. Mid ka mid ah ugu wanaagsan ee gabayada uu waxa loo yaqaan - "Idyll". Halkanna wuxuu sheegayaa sheekada jacaylka weyn ee laba qof oo dhallinyaro ah, kuwaas oo ceshan yihiin midba midka kale weligiis. In uu Dakatu lyrical uu ahaa awoodaan si uu u gudbiyo xaaladda, ay si qoto dheer iyo dadkii ku abtirsan ah dareenka dhaylo ah kuwaas. Dabeecadda runta ah ee ilaahyada oo u naxariisateen kuwii iyaga la, iyo xataa marka jilayaasha waa dhintay, ciidamada sare dhawray olol ay jacaylka.

Marka akhriska shuqullada Delvig u muuqato in uu yahay classicist soo daahay, kuwaas oo u muuqday wakhtigii taataabtay (u sheegayaa in ay style, size iyo nooca, qaaday oo kaliya at classicists ah). Laakiin waxaa xisaabaa iyaga muhiim ma aha. Delvig - doonis dhab ah jacaylka wakhtiyadii hore muddo dheer laga badiyay, by dunida ka socda ee wada noolaanshaha classical iyo wada noolaanshaha.

Isagu waa niyad bulshada ee maanta, halkaas oo ay muddo dheer ahayd jacaylka dhabta ah iyo saaxiibtinimo, halkaas oo qof ayaa dareensan dissonance bulshada, naftooda iyo cabsan mustaqbalka. Delvig soo bandhigay in ku sifayn ku idyll aan caadi ahayn ku sifayn this qoomamada dhammaadka wakhtiga dunidu oo dahabka ahayd.

Pushkin in arrinta kula heshiiyey Delwig, waxa uu sidoo kale ogaaday in habboonaanta ah oo qurux badan, ha dhawaado ama ha dhinto, laakiin ka dib ku soo laabtay, markan keliya qaab ka duwan. Caloolxumo iyo musiibo, murugo iyo walbahaar, iyo sidoo kale in uu yahay qurux oo dhan, - guests ku meel gaar ah Adduun iyo, nasiib daro, ma xoog u leeyihiin weligiis.

taaj qurux badan loogu yeero da'da dahabka ah gabayayaashiinnu ay yihiin waqti Pushkin ee. Delvig - karaayi ay decoration kale.

nm Languages

Waxay jeelyihiin in kala duwan qarsan jiray gabayada Nikolaya Mihaylovicha Yazykova, kuwaas oo ku qoray oo ku saabsan pathos ka taataabtay xorriyadda aadanaha. Waxa uu rumaysan yahay in ay u farxad iyo riixdey nolosha waayo-aragnimo si unrestrainedly. Luqadaha - waqti Abwaan Pushkin ee, oo jeclaaday nolosha iyo had iyo jeer ku farxay iyada wildness dhammaan daliilka ay. Fikirka noocan oo kale ah kuma xirna kasta views falsafada ama siyaasadeed, waxa uu ahaa taxadar la'aan. Luqadaha ha u falanqeeyaan iyo isku dayaan si ay u fahmaan. lyrics lagu diiradda on nooca nin sida qof madax bannaan oo lacag la'aan ah. In qaar ka mid ah curiyay uu weli dhexdeeda Godoo kale qaar ka mid ah madowgiisa iyo murugo, laakiin waa dhif iyo naadir, kiisaska noocaas ah waa dhif iyo naadir macno ahaan. Tani state of maanka ma aha cabsi leh, aan u jilciyaa, oo fudud oo ku filan in ay ka gudbaan.

Afka gabay qoraaga muujiyay xaalad aad u cad iyo xamaasad of isbiiritka iyo jacaylka weyn u ah nolosha. Sidaa noocyo dhexe ay - heeso ammaan ah iyo ammaan. Luqadaha noqon kartaa nooca kasta, haddii ay tahay Elegy ama song, song, ama fariin u leexdo xagga gabyeen ama eulogy ah,. Oo iyana waxay ku xidhan in la Dadwaynaha ku farxaan iyo farxad.

Si aad u ogaatid sida loo si cad u muujiyaan xorriyadda this sida ugu faraxsan yahay ka taataabtay nafta, afka waxay u leexatay xagga Pushkin, kuwaas oo ka caawiyey in ay si kaamil ah oo uu soo style gabay. xubno luqada wada awdeen oo aan caqabado, erayga macno ahaan u iishay midba midka kale, ka adkaan muddada gabay, wuxuu cusboonaysiiyo laga yaabaa inuu shaqo la'aan dhamaadka. Tusaale - fariinta "D. V. Davydov. "

EA Baratynsky

Haddii eedeeyay saffarro Yazikova fikirkaaga saboolnimada, ee waa gabayaa kale, Baratynsky, akhristayaasha ma dhergaan ay xad-dhaaf ah.

Helitaanka hal abuur Evgeniya Abramovicha Baratynskogo, koowaad ee waa in la ogaadaa in oo dhan ka dib markii Pushkin ee waa gabayaa ee ugu qotada dheer ee jiilkiisa, kuwaas oo u yimid in ay suugaanta ka dib markii Zhukovsky iyo Batyushkov. In uu gabay inta badan heysatay elegies iyo gabayo. Waxa uu marna soo galay gabayo Ruush sida elegik Abwaan fiican.

Aad u kala duwan u noqdeen fikrado hal abuur leh waqti Abwaan Pushkin ee. Baratynsky aad u kala duwan ka soo dhigooda ee Peru iyo Batiushkov Zhukovsky, kuwaas oo had iyo jeer la rajeeyo ugu fiican. Zhukovsky dhaadhiciyay in farxad waa sugitaanka weligeed ah, waayo, dadka dunida kale, iyo in uu yahay meesha ay ka heli doonaan nabad, xasilloonida iyo jacaylka. Batyushkov ka dib markii uu "falsafada yar" taas oo uu ku tilmaamay in qof u dhashay a nolosha muuqdo xasilloon oo jecel mar burburtay oo markiiba waxay bilaabeen inay magangelyo u doontaan Diinta.

Laakiin Baratynsky ahayd niyad wax walba, ma uu rumayn wada noolaanshaha nabad dhulka, wax badan ka yar ah oo cirka jooga, iyo shakiyey suurtagalnimada farxad "halkan" iyo "waxaa." Sida laga soo xigtay isaga si, ninkii hore bifurcated iyo jebiyey oo sidaas daraaddeed ma ay heli kartaa wada noolaanshaha kasta oo uu naftiisa ama la dunida ka baxsan. Waxa uu aaminsan yahay in ay tahay sharciga si dunida.

Baratynsky aad u xiiso sheegaya in jidhka bini'aadamka waa dhimanaya iyo xidhxidhan u dhulka, iyo nafta si joogto ah dillaacay samada, iyo waa dhiman. Laakiin inta badan, nafta ma taagnaan doono oo dhan waayo aragnimada dunida oo dhinta ka hor inta jidhka, iyo jidhka sida waxa uu noqonayaa mid ka maran sabab iyo dareenka, oo sidaas daraaddeed waxba tarayn. Waxaa sidoo kale u maleeyay in qof u siiyey inuu hammadda wixii uu ka daran oo si buuxda u noolaa, laakiin nolosha laf qallocan in jir ah waqti aad u cidhiidhi ah ee aayahooda.

All burinaya kuwaas oo innaba baaba'aan karaa mana la joojiyay, mana heshiisiiyo, tan iyo markii ay waa sharciga ku saabsan nolosha. Baratynsky - shakiya, laakiinse isagu kuma uu sidaas ka walwalsan tahay muuqashada at jahawareer la mid ah sida keliya fakaro wax ku saabsan. About naftiisa, oo uu sheegay in sida lama huraan u ah dhibaatada aadanaha in uu weheliyo, laga bilaabo dhalashada ilaa dhimashada.

In shaqada saffarro Baratynsky arkay Abwaan tayo Pushkin horrayn dugsiga. Laakiin ka dib, markii uu shaqada ma ay garan naqdiga. Laakiin Symbolists Ruush, uu arko lyricist weyn oo madax banaan iyo falsafo, isku dayeen in ay gudashada in khadadka gabay wax qoto dheer oo ay adag tahay in ay u gudbiyaan.

qiimaha

Gabayaana waxaa mar Pushkin ee had iyo jeer uma shaqeeyo jawi nabad ku wada noolaanshaha. Ay wada hadal suugaanta inta badan si xun u tegey, qaniinay iyo weerarada noocaas ahi daarna in wada hadal aad u badanaa yeeli horjeeda kibirka.

Sida aad arki karto, waxaa jiray qaar ka mid ah dhibaatooyinka nolosha suugaanta, laakiin gabayada ee loogu yeero mar Pushkin ee si degdeg ah u horumarsan oo waxay gaadhay tan dhaqan sare. Dabcan, waxa ay ku xidhan tahay in ay ku sugan kaalinta koowaad A. S. Pushkinu, si qoto dheer, heerka of hanad in ay ku dhacay qaab Russia la abuuro of gabayo iyo gabayada dovedshy erayada la fahmi karin oo kaamil ah.

Gabayaana waxaa mar Pushkin ayaa inoo furayay da'da dahab ah oo suugaanta Ruush, hadhay muddo unsurpassed Quruxdiisa duulimaadka hal abuur leh oo ka mid ah Muses qoyska. Oo haatan waxaan fursad u leeyihiin inay ku raaxaystaan shuqulladoodii ugu weyn.

gunaanad

Dabcan, ma aha oo kaliya in ay xad Pushkin afka gabayada Ruush ahayd sifo, laakiin waxa uu qorraxda oo cirka jooga, kuwaas oo soo jiidan sida Planetary nidaamka dhalaalaya kale oo la dhalaalayay, iyo sidoo kale lagu calaamadeeyey meeraha gabay, kuwaasoo mid walba uu lahaa awood u leh inay soo jiitaan galay ay kastana falagiisuu dhex more satalayt yar.

Poets Pushkin Times - a sharafta leh ee aasaaska u ah oo dhan ee gabayada Ruush. Iyada oo ay hal-abuurka daruuri u baahan yihiin inay la kulmaan oo sahamin ay suurtagal tahay. Nasiib darro, markii vzroschennaya Galaxy Pushkin mid ah gabayayaashiinnu ay dhab ahaantii aad u sarreeya, oo waxaa jira jid ay ku hadlaan mid kasta. Dhamaan iyaga ka mid noqday decoration ugu weyn ee dunida Bohemian gabayada.