Deeqbixiye - ma aad kafaala!

Gayos Maecenas - nin hodan Roman, kuwaas oo si deeqsinimo leh caawisay dadka farshaxanka, magiciisiina wuxuu noqday erayga reerka ah. Eraygii muhiimka ah sifeeyay bacdi ah - unselfishness. Waa maxay sababta aan isu geeyo fikradaha ah philanthropy iyo xayaysiinta? Maxaa yeelay, kafaala artist ee magaca istaraatijiyad ganacsiga, soo advertising, sidaas darteed - iyo faa'iidada. sokoeye A ee farshaxanka - waa qofka ku deeqida farshaxanka, sayniska, caafimaadka, waxbarashada on amarka of wadnaha iyo inta badan sheegin.

Charity iyo horumarinta ruuxiga ah ee bulshada

Xaaladan ee kiristaanka ee Russia , oo ahaa bilowgii bacdi - 988. Mid ka mid ah amarrada weyn - jacaylka deriskiisa - ". Agoonta iyo masaakiinta" dadka u waxyoonay samafal oo masaakiinta, kaas oo markii hore ka muujiyay in foomamka fudud gargaar cunto iyo dhar, wax badan ka yar Qaybinta - lacag guryaha la dhisay, ayaa lagu daweeyey oo lacag la'aan ah. Ka hor inta weyn ciidaha kiniisadda isu amiirradii iyo boqorrada ka dib qarsoodi booqday xabsiyada, hoyga, isbitaallada, halkaas oo "cinwaanka" si ay u caawiyaan saboolka baahan. Ka dib markii 1551, markii lagu qabtay Stoglavy Cathedral, ka samafal la wareegeen gobolka ee nidaamka samafal dadweynaha. Waqtiga Peter gaar ahaan xoogaystay daryeelka dadweynaha ee gobolka. isbitaalada Open, guryaha waayeelka, agoonta carruurta. Waxaa intaa dheer, ka kooban oo ka mid ah ilaha ugu weyn ee hay'adaha dawladda ee noocan oo kale ah ayaa had iyo jeer ahaa deeqo gaar ah. Butros deeqay saddex meelood oo meel mushaharkiisa. suufiyadoodii keniisad tababaray farsamada gacanta, iyo dakhliga ka soo shaqadooda, sidoo kale, u baxay inuu samafal.

Bacdi - ifafaale baahsan

Qarnigii 19aad, hay'ad samafal oo gaar loo leeyahay si dhab ah noqoto oo dhamaystiran ah: bilowga ah ee maktabadaha shaqada, matxafyada, bandhigyo, galleries, dugsiyada, isbitaalada, guryaha daryeelka agoonta iyo dadka da'da ah. maal-Ruush, hay'ad samafal oo uma oggolaanin magacyadooda sheegin, Waari ee taariikhda dalkeena ee. Tretyakov, Bakhrushin bareejeeyo, Morozov, Shchukin, qaarna Botkins, Naydenova - oo dhan ha ku qorin. Maecenas - waa qiyamka qoyska, taas oo uu noqday lagama maarmaan u ah ilaalinta ee caafimaadka maskaxda. Baayac isxigaan dhaxaysay qarniyadii oo dhan ay ka shaqeeyeen faa'iido u ah dadka ay. Tusaale waxaa ah qoyska ee baayacmushtariyaasha Siberian Sibiryakov dhiso set ma tiyaatarada oo keliya, laakiin sidoo kale kaniisadaha, taageero horumarka ee gabayada Ruush, gaar ahaan, mid ka mid ah qolooyinka reer suugaanta Ruush - Gabriel Derzhavin. Laakiin qaaraan ugu weyn ee lagu sameeyay sayniska - mahad Sibiryakov u baxay inuu ka baran Badda Waqooyi ee Route.

guri ammaan Morozov

The ugu horeysay ee sokoeye iyo qoyska this - sidoo kale waa Savva, laakiin waxa uu ku dhashay 1770 mulkiilaha Serf Rumina. Thanks to fooshii muddo dheer saddex iyo labaatan sano jir, wuxuu soo iibsaday oo uu xoriyada naftooda iyo carruurtooda, waayo, ka dibna ku furay workshops Xariir-jare. The Morozov saaridda caanka - maro jilicsan, muslinka ahi, suuf oo tayo sare leh - oo aan samafal lagu ammaano lahaa magaca Morozov qarniyo fara badan. Laakiin waxaa ku noolaa bacdi qoyska ka mid ah. Celebrities Savva Morozov - aasaasihii Art Moscow Tiyaatarka, Stanislavsky iyo Gorky saaxiibkiis, farmashiyaha a hibada iyo nin ubalaadhan oo qalbi qallafsan. shuruudaha shaqada ee warshadaha ay ahaayeen kuwa aad u fiican yihiin kuwa kale, marka lagu daro, waxa uu u dhisay shaqaalaha ay lacag la'aan ah la dejiyey, isbitaalada, bad, beeraha, waayo, xaflado ah.

The fikrad Sava aasaasiga ah - qaybinta faa'iidada ka mid shaqaalaha. Waxa ugu yaab leh - waxa Morozov siiyey lacag daabaco wargeyska Bolshevik "Iskra", "New Life", "Halganka", siday typographical aan imtixaan, xataa qarsoonayd booliska qarsoodi ah ka kacaan carcarara. Wiilka Sava - Sergey - caawiyay School Stroganov ah, fanaaniinta Polenov iyo Serov, aasaasay ee Museum of Fine Arts on Volkhonka (Pushkin Museum iyaga.). Gabadhay Barbara dhisay rugta ugu horeysay kansarka ee Field Virgin ayaa, qolka maktabadda reading Turgenev, almshouse ah iyo dugsi ku yaal Tver. Maecenas - qoys.