Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev: Biography, sawiro iyo xaqiiqooyinka oo xiiso leh

Daniil Leonidovich Andreev - Abwaan Ruush, qoraa, Faylasuuf iyo dhuur. Wiilka qoraaga caanka ah Leonid Andreyev. Caan ahaa oo inta badan ay sabab u tahay qoraaladii asalka ah "Rose of Aduunka". Maanta waxaan raadin doonaa Biography qofka this xiiso leh.

carruurnimada

Andreev Daniil Leonidovich ahaa ina labaad ee Leonid Nikolaevich (qoraa caan ah) iyo Aleksandry Mihaylovny Andreevyh. Waxa xiiso leh in la ogaado, in hooyada qoraaga mustaqbalka ahaa a-walaasha weyn Tarasa Grigorevicha Shevchenko. Daniel A. wuxuu ku dhashay on November 2, 1906 ee Berlin. Just maalmo yar ka dib markii uu ku dhashay Alexander M. ka qandho puerperal dhintay. Aabbaha, dhimasho naxay naagtiisa, oo lagu eedeeyay dhashay oo dhan, taasoo keentay in ayeeyo (hooyo ee Alexandra Mikhailovna) Yefrosinya Varfolomeevna go'aansaday in la qaato Daniel in Moscow. Waxaa, wuxuu ku dhacaa qoyska ka mid ah iyada eedo, Elizabeth Mikhailovna Dobrova, kuwaas oo ninkeeda ahaa dhakhtar caan ah.

Sida ilmo, Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev buka badan. Dhowr jeer uu kaliya ahaa tin ah ee ka dhimashada. In lix sano, wiilka xanuunsaday la diphtheria, iyo waxa uu cudurka ayeeyo aad ugu jeceshahay. Yefrosinya Varfolomeevna ahaa mar dambe ma ay awoodaan in ay dagaalamaan cudurka iyo ku dhintay. Si dhakhso ah dalka u dhow wiil St. Petersburg u sii socotay inay qarqin, si aad u aragto hooyadiis iyo ayeeyo. Nasiib wanaag, xilligan la soo dhaafay uu la joojiyay on buundada Webiga maxaliga ah.

Iyada oo ku saleysan xaqiiqda ah in ilmuhu yahay si joogto ah u xanuunsan, iyo xataa isku dayeen in ay naftooda dilaan, waxa ay u muuqataa in isaga gurigii eedo ka mid ah ma samayn. Dhab ahaantii, wax kasta oo uu ahaa kala duwan. My aayadaa iyo ninkeeda qaatay Daniel sida wiil, isaga ku wareegsan daryeelka iyo dareenka. Oo waagaas, guriga Dobrov ahaa mid ka mid ah dhaqanka (music iyo suugaanta) xarumood oo ku yaalla Moscow. Halkan yimaado I. A. Bunin, A. N. Skryabin, V. I. Shalyapin iyo kuwo kale oo badan. awoodda qoyska muujinaysaa ugu yaraan xaqiiqada ah in Daniel ahaa la'yihiin ee Maxim Gorky. Jawiga guriga ku dhiira galiyay wiilka iyo dhiirigelinayaa jaceylka uu suugaanta.

In 1915, sagaal sano Daniel qoray gabay horeysay "Garden The". Isla sanadkaas yimid Iftiin uu sheekooyinka ugu horeeyay, marka hore "cayayaanka Journey" ka dibna "Life xoolaha antediluvian." Intaa waxaa dheer, aqoonyahan ilmaha ka go'neyd a qoray Tacaddi weyn, kuwaas oo ficil uu yeesho riyo iyaga boos shakhsi interplanetary. On darbiyada uu wiil qolka seefqaad ah Wehbe oo taliyayaasha ka abuurtay ay guri ammaan. dhinacyada ay si xun ugu dhigmaan dhinacyada ilmaha.

Waxbarashada iyo Aragti

In xilliga dayrta ee 1917 qoraa, aamadani ah galay gymnasium ah E. A. Repman, halkaas oo uu ka bartay ilaa 1923. sanadka soo socda uu soo galay Institute Suugaanta ee loo magacaabay ka dib markii Brusov. Ilaa waqti isku mid ah Andreev bilaabay shaqo on gabal "Dambiilayaale". In 1926 uu ku biiray Ururka Poets, kaas oo socday ilaa 1929kii.

Bishii Agoosto 1921, ee Daniel 15-sano jir ah, iyada oo god oo ku wareegsan Masiix oo Badbaadiyeheenna ah Cathedral ku dul socda, Kremlin arkeen hadda ku jira samada. Waxa uu ku qoray oo arrintan ku saabsan in Cutubka 1aad, kitaabkii 2aad ee taxanaha "Rose of Aduunka". Munaasabadan ayaa waxaa soo socda si waxanu uga dhex dhaceen 1928 inta lagu guda jiro Easter. Ahaanshaha ee Church of shafeeco ee Levshinov, qoraa, gabayaa, oo hadda dhuur arkeen taariikhda dunida sida durdur hal asalka ah.

guurka

In xagaaga soo daahay ee 1926 qoraaga dhallinyarada Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev guursaday Gublor Alexander, kaasoo uu kula soo tababaray ee koorsooyinka sare State ee suugaanta. Arooskii dhacay aragtida durdurka, in kiniisadda Qiyaamada. Bishii Febraayo ee sanadka soo socda lamaanaha si rasmi ah la soo furay, oo Andreev joojiyay ka qayb koorsooyinka suugaanta.

In 1928, qoraaga daabacay gabay "Red Moscow", ayaa sii waday in ay ka shaqeeyaan novel ah "Dambiilayaale;" oo wuxuu bilaabay inuu qoro "catacombs" wareegga. xagaagaan uu ku qaatay in Tarusa.

sano prewar

In ka 40eeyaha ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay Andreev shaqeeyay sida artist naqshadeeye nooc qoray advertising iyo fariimihii kale. Si kastaba ha ahaatee inta badan wuxuu siiyey suugaanta. In 1930, qoraaga wuxuu bilaabay inuu abuuro gabay "Solstice". In xagaagii 1931 Andreev la kulmay M. A. Voloshinym. Si dhakhso ah, kuwaas July 29, on the bangiyada of Nerusso Daniil Leonidovich soo maray waxa uu markii dambe ku tilmaamay horumar degdeg ah a ah miyir runtan.

In muddada February si March 1932 uu ku hawlan qoraa tafatirka suugaanta, ka dibna hoos u degeen madaxa wargeyska sotsbytsektoru at mid ka mid ah warshadaha Moscow. In xagaagii 1932 ku dhashay ururinta gabayo "Abwaan qorka." Waxaa cajiib ah in kaliya hal sano ah, qoraaga of ururinta dumiyey. In 1933 Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev bilaabay inuu qoro maqaalka "The contours ee cilmiga gaarka ah" in nagaanin diiqid iyo wareegga ah "dooxada". In xilliga dayrta ee 1934 Abwaan booqday Koktebel, oo qoray gabay, "Voloshin ee Qabriga."

In 1935, qoraaga guddiga magaalada Moscow ee fannaaniinta graphic yimid. Bilowga September ee isla sannadkaas uu ku dhashay ee "Solo" gabay ah oo cinwaankeedu ahaa "Song of Mansalvate", kaas oo noqon doona si buuxda u taalo saddex sano. In 1937, P. E. ku Peshkova talinayaa Andreev rafcaan u Stalin la weydiisto inay gacan ka laabto ka soo Hijrooday ee walaalkiis, V. L. Andreeva. In xilliga dayrta ee sannadka isla qoraaga bilaabay qoraal sheeko ah oo ku saabsan waxgaradka baadhi ruuxiga ah in kuwa maalmood, "Shisheeyayaashu Night", kaas oo lagu uuraysan sida a "sheekada taxanaha ah ee ruuxa" ee macnaha guud ee Zaman. By arrin dhow uu soo dhawaaday kaliya ee 1947.

guurka labaad

In guga ee 1937 Andreev la kulmay Daawaha Ivashevoy-Musatov, kuwaas oo 8 sano ka dib naagtiisa labaad noqon lahaa. Later, Alla waa la xukumi doonaa oo ay la socdaan ninkeeda, oo la sii daayay sannad ka hore ka badan oo uu ku sameeyey. Xaaskiisa labaad wuxuu ahaa qoraa u taageero sanadihii dagaalka, ka sano oo xadhig ah iyo sano adag ka dib. Waxa uu hayo dhaxalkii iyo gacan ka daabaco shuqulladiisa waaweyn goor dambe oo qarnigii labaatanaad. Later, ayay shaqeeyay muddo 15 sano ah ahaa naagtii Evgeniya Belousova, ina ka mid ah qoraa caan ah I. Belousova A..

dagaal

In guga ee 1941 ku geeriyooday F. A. Dobrov, Daniil Leonidovich la rumeysan yahay aabbihiis korsaday. In sannadaha hore ee dagaalkii labaad ee caalamiga ah Andreev uu ka shaqeeyay on maansadu "Amber" iyo "Germany" (oo aan la soo dhameeyay), oo dhameystirtay wareegga ah gabayo "catacombs." In July 1942, ku dhintay E. M. Dobrova, kuwaas oo ahaa sida hooyo si Andreev.

In xilliga dayrta 1942 qoraaga la qoray ciidanka. Bishii Janaayo 1943, waxaa kaalinta 196-aad lugta Division galay Stalingrad la go'doomiyey. At hore, Andreev ahaa naqshadeeye a graphic, Ghadafi oo ahaa in koox aaska. Waayo, adeegga wanaagsan qoraa abaal billadda "Waayo, Difaaca ee Leningrad". June 25, 1945 th Andreeva aqoonsan yahay koox WWII 2aad naafada ah.

Dagaalka ka dib, Abwaan Moscow soo noqdeen oo helay naqshadeeye a graphic ee Museum of Communications. November 4, 1945, si rasmi ah uu guursaday A. A. Ivashevoy-Musatov.

oo xabsi ah

Horraantii 1947, qoraaga gabagabeeyay novel ah "Night Wanderers" oo wuxuu bilaabay inuu tixgeliyaa qaybta labaad ee Forbrydelsen la soo jeediyay, oo waxaa loogu yeedhi lahaa "samaawi ah Kremlin" iyo soo bixitaankii waayo-aragnimo hore-line qoraaga ah.

April 21, 1947, sababtoo ah denunciation ah, iyo novel ah "Night Wanderers" Andreeva cambaareeyay by Qodobka 58. Lagu eedeeyay in dacaayad anti-Soviet iyo ujeedooyinka argagixisada Daniil Leonidovich helay 25 sano oo xabsi ah, taas oo wakhtigaas ahaa rigoore wayn ee USSR. Intaa waxaa dheer in qoraagu ku soo gaartay xiray iyo qaraabada uu. 19 qaraabada iyo asxaabta Andreeva ayaa lagu xukumay xabsi ah min 10 ilaa 25 sano ee ku nool xeryaha shaqada. All Daniel Leonidovich Andreev, qoraal ah ka hor la soo gabagabeeyo MGB baa la baabbi'iyey.

Bishii November 1948, Daniel Akhmetov ka xabsiga Lefortovo in Vladimir (isla "Vladimir Central") galbiyeen. Inkastoo ay soo gunaanaday, Andreev sii waday in ay si firfircoon uga qayb galaan si qoraal ah shuqulladiisa suugaanta. In 1950, uu dhameystirtay maansadu "Nemerecha", kaas oo la bilaabay 37aad ee. gabay "City Day Symphony" waxaa lagu qoray December, 1950. Dhamaadkii bishii la mid ah, iyada oo kala duwan oo ah hal maalin, Andreev bilaabay shaqo on "qarsoodiga Iron" iyo "Rose dunida."

In 1951, qoraaga shaqeeyay on the "oratorio Morning" iyo "Dhimashadii Ivan Xun ee." Sannadka soo socda, wuxuu bilaabay shaqo ku saabsan version ugu horeysay ee buugga "ilaahyo Ruush" oo ku qoray gabay ah oo lagu magacaabo "Roh". In 1953, sheeko la lifaaqayo inay buugga "Plutarch The newest," taas oo Andreev wada qoray cellmates uu, physiologist Parin iyo taariikhyahan kansarka L.. In xilliga dayrta ee 1953, ka hor inta uusan u dhaqaaqin unugyada kale, qoraa Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev soo maray waayo-aragnimada asalka ah, kaas oo, sida uu mar dambe ku odhan jiray, wuxuu ahaa loo arag in ay waynaanta.

In November 1954 Andreev qoray magaca G. M. Malenkova - Guddoomiyaha Golaha USSR ee Wasiirada, war qoraal ah oo taas oo mar kale diiday inuu aqbalo shuruud la'aan ah nidaamka Soviet, in view of "la'aanta ah ee xorriyadda dhab ah oo dimuqraadi ah." At dhammaadka sannadkan in, Andreev qaadday wadno. In 1955 waxa uu ka shaqeeyay on gabay ah "The aargoosi jinku" iyo "Navna". February 8, 1956 adeer Dmitry Leonidovich - A. F. Kovalenskaya - ku dhintay isbitaalka xerada. In May ee isla sannadkaas qoraaga dhammeeyey wax soo saarka ee "ku maqan tareenka." Oo 10 August 1956, naagtiisa la sii daayay xerada ka. Dhowr toddobaad ka dib, iyada oo loo sii daayo Guddiga ka mid ah Presidium ee Soviet Sare ee USSR soo saaray amar ah sida laga soo xigtay oo ka mid ah Qodobka 58 hoos u dhacday 10 sano oo xadhig ah rigoore.

August 24, 1956, markii ugu horeysay ee uu qabtay, Abwaan Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev arkay naagtiisa oo xabsi Vladimir ah. 23 April ee sanadka soo socda uu sii daayay xabsiga. June 21, 1957 eedeeymaha ugu horeysay Andreev ahaayeen gebi ahaanba tirtiro, iyo July 11, uu la dayactiray.

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay

In xagaagii 1957 dan pneumonia Daniel Andreev markii ugu horeysay ka dib markii in ka badan 40 sano oo isa-soociddiisa, oo uu kula kulmay walaalkiis weynaa Vadim. Laga soo bilaabo 57 November Andreev iyo xaaskiisa ku noolaa Moscow. Ilaa waqti isku mid ah soo celiyey inuu yahay qof naafo ah oo ka tirsan kooxda labaad, ku lug leh lacagta hawlgabka ee cadadka 347 rubles. November 30, 1957 ku dhintay ina adeerkiis ah qoraaga, A. F. Dobrov. Dhamaadka 57aad, wada jir ah ula Z. Raxiim Andreev shaqeeyay on turjumaad oo ka mid ah sheekooyinka Japanese Fumiko Hayashi ka mid ahaa in la daabaco "Lix sheekooyinka."

February 12, 1958 th Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev diray golaha dhexe warqad weydiinaya in ay bartaan uu gabay. Sida laga soo xigtay qoraaga, in ay ku noolaadaan, qarinta uu shaqada dadka, waa si fudud loo dulqaadan karin isaga, waayo. February 26 uu ku yeeray Guddiga Dhexe. Wada hadalka maamulka siiyey qoraaga rajada ah in mustaqbalka uu shaqada la daabici karo. Intaa waxaa dheer, in waqti gaaban uu ka helay kaalmo dhaqaale ka Writers 'Union.

In guga ee 1958 Andreev ayaa la dhigay isbitaal la sii daridda ah ee angina iyo atherosclerosis. June 4, wuxuu guursaday naagtiisa Daawaha Andreevoy macbudka Rizopolozhensky leh. Ka dib markii arooska, labada tegey safar doon ka soo Moscow si Ufa iyo dib. Horraantii July ee isla sannadkaas in ku dhow ah qoray buug kow iyo tobnaad oo khuseeya ee "Rose of Aduunka" yimid. By bartamihii dayrta-khuseeya buuxa waxaa ku lifaaqan. Isla mar ahaantaana qoraaga ayaa dhameystirtay shaqada on ururinta ah gabayo, "The Legend of Yarosvete" iyo gabayga "Side Wrong of Aduunka".

Inta lagu jiro Habeenka of 18 ilaa October 19, 1958 Andreev qoray gabay ah oo la odhan jiray "Beri baa ah in ra'iisul hore ee nolosha ...." In waxa Abwaan tukaday badbaadinta gacmeedyada uu. Bisha soo socda, wareegga ah gabayo of Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev waxaa ay diyaarisey, loo yaqaan "Quduuska ah Russia jinniyadu." November 14, ka dib markii laga Key Hot ah, qoraaga soo laabtay dib u dhigey cusbitaalka.

Dhamaadka January 1959 A. A. Andreevoy dhiibay amar qol ee guri la wadaago on Leninsky Prospekt. Halkan Andreev, lahu derdereen wadne joogto ah, ku qaatay lixdii toddobaad ee ugu dambeeyay ee uu noloshiisa.

March 30, 1959 Daniel Leonidovich dhintay. April 3, Archpriest Nikolai Golubtsov qoraa akhri adeega aaska ee kaniisadda ku saabsan dhigaalka oo ka mid ah khamiiska ee Don ah. Andreev waxaa lagu aasay Qabuuraha Novodevichy u dhow qabrigii hooyadiis.

oo dhaxalkaygiina

Marka nolosha gabayaa, ayaadse, dhuur iyo falsafo Daniel Leonidovich Andreev, kuwaas oo sawiro muujinaya isaga oo profundity weyn, midkoodna shuqullada farshaxanka qoraaga oo aan la daabacay. marka laga reebo laga yaabaa inay tahay in buugga "sahamiyayaal buurta Cajiib of Central Asia" daabacay iyadoo la kaashanaysa S. N. Matveevym.

Isagu wuxuu u dhintay at 52 sano jir ah, Daniil Leonidovich badan in la yidhaahdo oo sameeyo. Waxa ugu muhiimsan waa waxa uu rabo, laakiin aan ku sameeyey - in la dhiso dugsi loogu talagalay caruurta hibada leh waxaa anshax iyo la kulmo akhristayaasha ay. In ka badan saddex sano ee uu dhintay ka dib, naagtiisa si qarsoodi ah lagu hayaa qoraaladii, ka baqaya in hal dhibic ay mar kale waa la baabbi'in kari lahaa. shaqada ugu weyn ee Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev - "Rose of Aduunka" waxaa la daabacay oo keliya sanadkii 1991, ku dhowaad ka hor dayrta ee taliskii Soviet. Sidaas halkan waa la yaab leh horumaray Biography Daniil Andreev. In nolosha qora ku lahaa ups badan taxne kore iyo hoose, iyo dareenka xoogan oo jahawareer, riyooyinka cajiib ah oo humiliations yar yar. Laakiin inkastoo this, wuxuu had iyo jeer ku hadhay in my opinion.

xusuusta

In 2003, wakiishay by naagtii Daniel Akhmetov Alla Alexandrovna Alexey Kurbatov kooban music si ay maansadu Andreeva "Leningrad apocalypse". In dayrta ee 2014 guul iyo tuulo oo ku yaalla gobolka Bryansk ah, matxafka Andreeva Daniila Leonidovicha la furay, kuwaas oo Biography aannu baaro.