Dadka Istooniyaan iyo Halabuurka qowmiyadaha

In gobolka of depopulation Estonia waa quarter-qarnigii. demographers Qaar ka mid ah la saadaaliyo eynu waadaxa ah ee dalka in a boqol oo sannadood; jiilka kasta oo Istooniyaan more Finensej ka badan hal hore, tani sii wadi doonaan. Tani abuurey rajo xun ma awoodo inuu ku iftiimin ilaa tirakoobka dadka ee sanadka. The dhaqdhaqaaqa wanaagsan, laakiin at kharashka shaqaalaha. Inkasta oo maamulka ayaa xaqiijiyay Midowga Yurub in ay hoteelada, laakiin bulshada Istooniyaan doonayo si ay u koraan at kharashka dadka wadaniga ah iyo qulqulaya aan si gaar ah ugu faraxsanahay dadka ajnebiga ah. Istooniyaan waa ogyahay deriska ah - Latvians iyo Lithuanians, kuwaas oo tirada la yareeyo, sidoo kale.

dhibaatooyinka dadka Baltic

Tirada dadka reer Lithuania, Latvia iyo Estonia bilaabay inuu hoos u qabo dhanka Midowga Soofiyeedka. The shan iyo labaatan sanno ee ugu danbeysay ee isagoo meesha bannaan ee la mid ah ee Midowga Yurub ma ay gacan ka koritaanka in tirada muwaadiniinta.

dadka Estonia ee sanadkii 1991 waxaa la dhimay by shan iyo toban boqolkiiba, Latvia - Labaatan iyo lix boqolkiiba, Lithuania - saddex iyo labaatan boqolkiiba:

• Estonia, 1991 - 1561 million / 2016 - 1316 million;
• Latvia, 1991 - 2658 million / 2016 - 1900 million;
• Lithuania, 1991 - 3700 million / 2016 - 2800 million.

Si aad u fahamto sida uu jiro khasaaro ah dadka, waxaad u baahan tahay si ay u eegaan laba koombo: waxtarkeedu waa maxay dabiiciga ah ama luminta dadka, ie, ratio of dhalashada iyo dhimashada, iyo sidoo kale heerka socdaalka.

Tirooyinkan, waayo, Latvia, Lithuania iyo Estonia xun sanado badan. Waxaa lagu dilay in ka badan ayaa ku dhasha, iyo tirada kuwaas oo ka tagay badan ku soo galay dalka.

Hoos u dabiiciga ah iyo socdaalka ee dalka Mareykanka Östersjön

Waayo, qarnigii afar meelood meel, hogaaminayo demographers statistics ka tarjumaysa hoos u dhaca tirada dadka ay sabab u tahay sababaha dabiiciga ah oo ay sabab u tahay ka bixidda dalalka Baltiga. Population of Estonia ayaa hoos u dhacay ay sabab u tahay sababaha dabiiciga ah iyo sagaashan kun, ay sabab u tahay socdaalka - boqol iyo shan iyo toban kun oo nin. dadka Latvia ayaa hoos u dhacay ku dhowaad toddoba boqol oo kun oo qof, in ka badan kala badh lahaa muwaadiniinta u haajiray. Lithuania ayaa laga badiyay afar meelood meel ka mid ah hal qarni, boqol iyo siddeetan iyo saddex kun oo qof ay sabab u tahay sababaha dabiiciga ah, natiijada socdaalka - hoos u dhaca lix boqol iyo toddobaatan kun oo nin.

Sababaha lagu yareeyo tirada dadka ee Estonia

In Estonia, u muuqdaan in ay u arkaan sababaha depopulation ma aha ee dhinacyada dhaqaalaha iyo siyaasadda, iyo in taariikhi ah. Si dhab ah bacriminta ka hor qarnigii labaatanaad dhacay, iyo in ka badan dhawaan macquul ma ahan in la kordhiyo taako nolosha. Sabab kale, sida laga soo xigtay khubaro, ku jiraa Midowga Soofiyeeti. socodka socdaalka ayaa ku soo kordhay, koritaanka farsamo ahayd mid wanaagsan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, by 1991 uu u dhaqaaqay Estonia afartameeyaha iyo konton konton bilaabeen inay soo baxaan jir ah, iyo kuwa u dhimanayaan, ka badan kuwa ay awoodi karaan inay ku dhalaan noqday.

heerka dhalmada ayaa ka badan hoos iyo sababta oo ah dabeecadaha beddelo da'da marka waxa la joogaa wakhtigii si ay waalidiinta u noqdo. Markii hore, dumarka dhashay laba iyo labaatan sano jir, si ay u noqdaan hooyooyin maanta ee ha ku degdegin ilaa, dhalashada ilmaha ugu horeysay waxaa dib loo dhigay. Dadka dhalinyarada ah doonayaa in aan noqdo kan ugu horreeya cagaha, guri, baabuur ku iibsado.

Population of Estonia by sano

korodhka Dabiiciga ah, korodhka guud ee dadka iyo koritaanka socdaalka ee Estonia ayaa bilaabey in ay ku xun tagaan tan iyo sanadkii 1991. dhaqdhaqaaqa dadka ee dadka reer Estonia:

• 1980 - 1.472.190 dadka;
• 1990 - 1.570.599 dadka;
• 1995 - 1.448.075 dadka;
• 2000 - 1.372.710 dadka; koritaanka dabiiciga - -5 336 koritaanka total - -7 116 socdaalka - 1 830;
• 2013 - 1.320.174 dadka; koritaanka dabiiciga ah - laga jaray 1 713 koritaanka total - -5 043 socdaalka - 3 300,

In 2016, waxa uu ku dhashay in ka badan afar iyo toban kun oo qof oo Estonia, ayaa u dhintay - shan iyo toban kun iyo badh ah. korodhka Dabiiciga ah - laga jaray shan iyo toban boqol, geedi socodka socdaalka - in ka badan laba kun oo qof.

Beddelidda Halabuurka jinsi ee Estonia

Halabuurka Ethnic ee Estonia soddon sannadood ayaa la bedelay. Laakiin ma si weyn. Ka fiirsaneysa waxa dadweynaha ee Estonia, hesho macluumaadka soo socda:

• 1989 Istooniyaan:. 61.5%, 30.3% Ruush, Yukreeniyaan 3.1, 1.8 Belarusians Finns 1.1;
• 2011 Istooniyaan: 68.7%, 24.8% Ruush, Yukreeniyaan 1.7%, 1.0 Belarusians Finns 0.6%,.
• 2016 Istooniyaan:. 69%, 25% Ruush, Yukreeniyaan 1.7%, Byelorussians 1%, 0.6% dadka Finnishka ah.

Ruush inta badan ku nool caasimadda ah ee Estonia - dhiman. "Ruush" Magaalada ugu badan ee Estonia - Narva, halkaas oo sagaashan iyo toddoba boqolkiiba dhalasho Ruush.

magaalada Istooniyaan marka la eego tirada dadka

Liiska magaalooyinka by dadka madax dhiman - 440 702 qof. Markaas waxaad samayn kartaa ugu sareeya toban meelaha ugu dadka Jamhuuriyadda (qofka):

1. Tartu - 97.322.
2. Narva - 58.375.
3. Pärnu - 39 784.
4. Kastla-Jarve - 36 662
5. Viljandi - 17.549.
6. Maardu - 17.141.
7. Rakvere - 15.303.
8. Sillamae - 13.964.
9. Kuressaare - 13,000.
10. Johvi - 12.567.

In ka yar tirada guud ee Püssi, in yar ka badan kun qof oo, in Kallaste iyo Mõisaküla - sideed qof.

Sidee socdaalka saameyn ku Estonia lanad

korodhka farsamo keenaysaa in hoos u dhac in digga. Inta lagu jiro muddada Soviet, kooxo badan oo qowmiyadeed yimaadaan si ay Estonia, maxaa yeelay, halkan waxaa la abuuray by ah ee Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibadda, iyada oo loo marayo taas oo Yuhuudda, Jarmalka qowmiyadaha iyo dadka Finnishka ah u tagi karo dalkooda taariikhi ah.

Waxaa intaa dheer, dadka in Estonia ahaa mid aad u dhaqaaqaan. Tusaale ahaan, ka dib markii Midowga Soofiyeeti burburay, dad badan ma doonayo inuu sii joogo oo dal kale tegey. haajirid xoojiyey. Laakiin ka dib markii 2011 waxay bilaabeen geedi socod dambe.

Maanta, dadka Istooniyaan hoos u sii dhacayo iyo gabowga. Department of Statistics siinayaa xisaabaha soo socda: rubuc ka mid ah hal qarni, dadka ay 200 kun oo qof oo hoos u, 2040 tirada dadka ku dhici doonaan 10% kale.

dejinta Balts

Wixii dhibaato halis ah Baltic waa qax muwaadiniinta dalalka kale. Oo badhkii tagay Latvia, Lithuania iyo Estonia - waa dad u dhexeeya 18 iyo 30 sano, 70% - dadka ka afar iyo toban inay intii afartan sannadood ah.

Latvia iyo Lithuania, oo badidoodu ay u guureen UK iyo Scandinavia. tirada yar ee u hijroon in Maraykanka, Russia iyo Canada. Istooniyaan inta badan soo xulay Finland.

Sida xawaaraha hoos dadka Latvia iyo Lithuania ka mid ah madaxda European yihiin. In 2016 Latvia ayaa ka tagay 8 000 oo qof ka badan gaaray. Lithuania - 30 000 oo qof.

Refract arrimuhu murugo ahayd oo keliya Estonia. dalka wuxuu ku bilaabmaa koritaanka dadka gaabis ah ay sabab u tahay socdaalka. Waayo, 2015-2016 sannad xisaabeedka. Estonia ayaa ka tagay 19,000 oo qof, laakiin dhabarka ama in ay ku noolaadaan 24.500.

In xaalad kororka la filayo in laga jaro dadka, waxba weli Balts sida dadka sii kordhaya iyada oo loo marayo siyaasad bulshada jiidasho muhaajiriinta. Lithuania, tusaale ahaan, waxay bixisaa habka ugu fudud si ay u helaan ogolaanshaha joogitaanka ee Midowga Yurub iyo heerka canshuurta yar yahay ganacsatada. Ardayda ajinebiga ee Estonia joogi kartaa oo ku nool dalka ka dib markii qalin jebinta.

Laakiin saamayn weyn ee dalalka Baltic ayaa la filayaa tallaabooyin looga dan leeyahay sii kordhaya tirada carruurta ku dhalata.

Taageerada Ilmaha ee Estonia, Latvia iyo Lithuania

In Estonia, Latvia iyo Lithuania, abaabulay maamulka a free shaqada ee isbitaallada dadweynaha, iyo sidoo kale soo dhoweynta ee dhakhtarka, tijaabooyinka iyo ultrasounds. Laakiin qof kasta ku bixin kartaa raaxo dheeraad ah:

• qolka gaarka ah - laga bilaabo 50 ilaa 80 € maalin kasta;
• fursad ay ku doorato dhakhtar gaar ah - laga bilaabo 400 600 €,
• hab shakhsi ah si ay dhalmada - 50 ilaa 1000 €.

Muddada fasaxa daryeelka ilmaha ee Estonia waa saddex sano, in Lithuania - laba sano oo Latvia - sano iyo badh.

waalidiinta dareemaan duwan ee faa'iidooyinka dal kasta.

A bixinta lacag duuduuba ee dhalashada ilmaha ee Lithuania ka badan € 400; lacagta fasaxa hooyada xaddiga afar mushaaraadka hooyaday; aabbihiis Benefit waa loo siman yahay si ay fasax hal sano.

bixinta A hal mar in Latvia - ku dhawaad 420 €. Payment of fasax xaamilonimo - 43% mushaarka hooyada. Allowance ilmaha daryeelo ilaa laba sano - 3300 €. kaalmada ilmaha ugu horeysay - 11 €, mushaarka billaha ah ilaa lix iyo toban.

In Estonia, bixinta lacag ah buro si siman u 320 €. Payment of fasaxa umusha tixgeliyaan heerka celceliska mushaharka. ilaa Kaalmada carruurta in lix iyo toban sannadood - 50 € bishiiba. Inta ay kor lacagta waalidnimada in siddeed iyo toban bilood ku xiran tahay mushaarka waalidka. Waxaa laga yaabaa in tani ay tahay sabab u tahay xaqiiqda ah in dalka haatan iska leh Midowga Yurub, heerarka si tartiib ah kor u kacay ku nool, mushaharka ay kor u kacayso, waxaa jira kaalmo ah wax in qaybaha kala duwan ee dadweynaha.

Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira barnaamijyo kala duwan si ay u taageeraan qoysaska carruurta badan. Tusaale ahaan, qoyska Istooniyaan saddex caruur ah oo kaliya gunnooyinka ilmahaagu helay by shan boqol oo euros bishii. In Latvia kaalmada ka yar iyo toddobaatan euros.