Ceebeynta of warshadaha ee galaas ee USSR ah: description, taariikhda iyo noocyada

galaas Soviet waa tayo sare iyo decoration fiican. Maalmahan, dad badan oo iyaga ka mid ah waxaa la ugaadhsado by ururiya iyo dhaleecayn tahay. On dhulka ee Midowgii Soofiyeeti ee hore ku shaqeeya dhowr daraasiin warshadaha wax soo saarka ee galaas iyo earthenware. Go'aanso oo dhirta waxaa laga sameeyey ama maadadaas, kaa caawin doona brand.

In this article, waxaan diirada saari doontaa oo ku saabsan warshadaha stamps galaas ee USSR. Sidee bay u eegto iyo waxa ay muujinayaan? Oo stamps kuwaas oo beddelay sannadihii la soo dhaafay?

Dhaleeceynta iyo kala duwanaansho ay

Eraygan waxa ay u badan tahay oo ka soo jeeda erayga Jarmal Kleim, taasoo micnaheedu tahay Ruush sida "xabagta". Dhaleeceynta - waa graphic ah in laga codsadaa in ay wax soo saarka ama alaabta si ay u aqoonsadaan soo saaraha.

Brand, by waaweyn iyo, waa "wax soo saarka", war abuurashadoodii ee Zaman adoonka. Waqtiyadii hore waxaa jiray dhaqan oo Hanatay wixii Dulmi ama dembiyada tilmaamay (tusaale ahaan, isku day baxsashada).

Calaamadaha lagu dabaqo dusha ka saddex siyaabood oo waaweyn:

1. Shoogga (caadi ahaan ku saabsan alaabta birta ah).
2. Gubasho.
3. Isticmaalka formaldehyde.

Dhaleeceynta ma aha oo kaliya u qabata shaqo ee aqoonsiga ee alaabta. Waxaa inta badan waa nooc ka mid ah sumadda tayada wax soo saarka gaar ah. By habka, la feature ayaa waxa la xidhiidha hadalkii caadi ah: "Haa aad meel ay ku riday sumadda!". Sidaas daraaddeed waxay yidhaahdaan ku saabsan dadka qaba wax badan oo ka mid ah cilladaha ama dhiman.

warshadaha galaas iyo horumarinta ee Russia

Galaas - waa arrin waara, adkaysi u wax iska caabin ah kaamerada iyo kiimikada, si ballaaran loo isticmaalo wax soo saarka ee weelka, waxyaabaha fanka iyo qaar ka mid ah alaabooyinka kale ee. Waayo, wax soo saarka, sida caadiga ah, u isticmaalaan khayraadka afar macdanta, waayo, waa kaolin, quartz, feldspar, dhoobo kubada.

Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in galaas "Been abuurtay" Chinese ah ayaa weli ku jira qarnigii VII ee. Oo iyana waxay aad u dheer waxaa lagu hayaa karinayo oo qarsoon ee ay wax soo saarka. Kaliya ee 1708 Yurub suurtagashay in ay hesho galaas. dhawr sano ee technology-soo-saarka ay Ka dib waa hadda laga heli karaa Ruush.

Warshadda portselyanovaya horeysay Russia ayaa waxaa la furay sanadkii St. Petersburg ee 1744. ceebeynta of warshad galaas ee xilligii Soviet ahaa mid kooban oo fudud loo garan karo. Waxay ka koobnayd saddex warqado isku maran is tusay: "Lpf" (Leningrad galaas Factory). Warshad Tani maanta shaqeeya. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, hadda wuxuu kibir loo yaqaan Imperial, iyo sidoo kale in times pre-kacaan.

Calaamadaha oo ka mid ah USSR iyo warshadaha galaas Ruush, noocyada iyo sifooyinka

In warshadaha ee galaas Midowga Soofiyeeti ayaa si weyn u horumarsan. Products ka galaas (suxuunta, figurines, dheryaha iyo alaabta kale ee guriga) waxaa laga sameeyey qaybaha kala duwan ee dalka. tirada ugu badan ee dhirta lagu arkay buurayn ee Yukreeniyaan ah, iyo sidoo kale in qayb ka mid ah Yurub ee SFSR Ruushka.

Sida laga soo xigtay diiwaanka Soviet jir ah, 178 warshadood oo galaas jiray USSR. Dhaleeceynta waxay ahayd mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah! Waxaa lagu sawiray warqad ama naqshado graphic fudud, inta badan xoolaha. Tusaale ahaan, on stamps Gorodnitski galaas Factory waxaa lagu sawiray socda deerada, Polonsky - guumaysgeesaleyda cad, Sinelnikovskuyu - liqi horyaalka. Waxaa laga yaabaa in stamp ugu xiiso ahaa in warshad Zugdidi - faraska on top of dunida.

dhirta galaas calaamadaha kala qaybsan yihiin laba nooc: underglaze (oofiyey ku saabsan wax soo saarka "ceeriin") iyo overglaze (vyponyayutsya ka dib codsanaya glazes madaxtooyada buufin). Waxaa jira saddex waxyaabaha ugu muhiimsan siyaabo dhaleeceynta:

• extrusion ah oo miisaankiisu yahay qoyan;
• stamp qorid,
• barbaro of sumaddii on alaabta dhamaystirtay.

Waa maxay sheegi kartaa warshadaha galaas dhaleeceynta

Dhaleeceynta - waa, dhammaan ayuu ka sarreeyaa, oo calaamad u ah tayada iyo xaqiiq tahay ee alaabta, kaas oo la dhigay by saaraha. Inta badan waxaa laga heli karaa xagga hoose ee iib ah galaas ah -, koobabka, dheryaha iyo figurines.

Calaamadaha of warshadaha galaas Soviet badan oo ku saabsan wax gaar ah u sheegi kartaa. Taasi waa sababta ay tani tahay ururiya muhiim u bartaan inay "akhri". On stamps inta badan waxaa ku qoran warar ku saabsan ma aha oo kaliya soo saaraha, laakiin sidoo kale taariikhda lagu sii daynayo alaabta, sida qofka rinjiile galaas a yaa rinji iyo wixii la mid ah. D.

Waxaa muhiim ah in la ogaado in warshad isku mid ah ayaa laga yaabaa in a "Arsenal" ee calaamadaha sida, sababtoo ah muddo sannado ah ceebeynta of warshadaha galaas aad inta badan ka bedelay. Mararka qaarkood ka baxsan aqoonsiga. Waxaas oo dhan waxay abuurtaa dhibaatooyin fara badan jiilka hadda jira ee aruuriya ee nidaamka aqoonsiga ee badeecooyinka qaarkood ay.

On stamps galaas inta badan ka arki kartaa calaamadaha soo socda: "1-C", "C-2", "3-C". Maxay ka dhigan yihiin? Waxay yihiin calaamadaha, taas oo go'aan ka gaari kara fasalka ee galaas:

• fasalka koowaad (1-C);
• Class II (C-2);
• fasalka saddexaad (3-C).

Fasalka galaas, iyo mararka qaarkood soo jeedinaya isticmaalaya midabada calaamaddu ku taal, oo cas - noocyo kala duwan oo ah kuwa ugu sarreeya tayada wax soo saarka; buluug - Class ayaan, Green - waayo labaad iyo madow (ama brown) - for saddexaad.

Next, waxaan ku tilmaami si faahfaahsan warshadaha galaas ugu caansan ee Midowga Soofiyeeti, bixinta si ay wax soo saarka iyo brand fiiro gaar ah.

Leningrad galaas Factory

Waxaa ugu da'da weyn iyo mid ka mid ah ugu weyn Russia ee wax soo saarka ee shirkadaha galaas. waxaa dib la asaasay 1744. Haddaba geedka waxaa lagu magacaabaa - Imperial (loo soo gaabiyo - IPE).

IPE galaas soo bandhigay in tiro ka mid ah matxafyada si fiican u yaqaan in adduunka oo dhan (gaar ahaan, in London, New York, iyo sidoo kale in Hermitage ah). Maanta, warshadda soo saarta tiro balaadhan oo ah waxyaabaha kala duwan. shaah Tani qaybood, koobabka iyo tooyska, figurines, iyo alaabta gudaha kala duwan. taxane aad loo jecel yahay "Moscow iyo St. Petersburg ee china", iyagoo muujinayay in ay soo jiidashada ugu weyn ka mid ah laba taaj oo dalka ka jira, koobabka oo dawannadii xusuus.

ceebeynta of warshad galaas xilligii Soviet ahaa qaab aad u kooban: saddex warqado isku maran "Lpf". Maanta, oo dhan daabacayaa shirkadu madax gorgor XIDGTA oo leh taariikhda ah dhulka dhirta iyo qorniinkan Imperial galaas.

Dmitrov galaas Factory

Shirkadda Tani, la aasaasay 1766, oo ku yaalla tuulada Verbilki ah (degmada Taldom, gobolka Moscow). Maanta waxa la odhan jiray "galaas Verbilok".

In times Soofiyeeti, dhirta Dmitrov waxaa diiradda lagu saaray arrinta wax soo saarka mass of tayo hooseeyo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in warshad galaas muddo this soo saaray tiro ka mid ah abaalmarinta caalamiga ah haybadda (sida bilada dahabka ee Exhibition aduunka ee Paris ee 1937). Maanta "galaas Verbilok" - waa mid ka mid ah saddex shirkadood galaas jira in Russia.

ceebeynta of warshad galaas ee Verbilki aan macquul aheyn in ay bartaan. Waxaa gaysteen madaxa faras duur xarafka "B" ee geeska midig ee hoose.

Dulevo warshad galaas

The ugu weyn marka la eego wax soo saarka, shirkadda warshadaha ee whiteware ee Russia casriga ah waxa uu ku yaalaa magaalada Likino-Dulyovo (iyo gobolka Moscow ee). Warshad Dulevo la aasaasay 1832. Under hoggaanka ganacsadaha a talented warshad M. S. Kuznetsova ayaa helay warkiisiina wuxuu gaadhay dunida oo dhan iyo dadka.

Products ee warshadda this si fudud loo aqoonsan by a rinjiyeynta farshaxanka gaar ah. Waxaa si cad loo ogan karo ujeedadii hiddaha Ruush leh ku badan yihiin midabyo orange iyo red. Shaaha Calan "Golden Deer", laga yaabee waa shuqullada ugu weyn ee warshadda.

Warshadda calaamadaha Dulevo galaas ee taariikhda oo dhan jiritaankeeda beddelay 30 jeer! Tan iyo 1962, magaca shirkadu waa matalaad a garaafyada of wareegsan Galaydhka; a. Waxaa intaa dheer, shimbirta "eegto" kartaa labada bidix iyo midig dhinac.

Gorodnitsky galaas Factory

Tani waa mid ka mid ah shirkadaha Yukreeniyaan warshadaha ugu da'da weyn whiteware. Warshad waxaa la dhisay 1799 oo waxaa iska lahaa qoyska princely Czartoryski. Nasiib darro, shirkada waxaa ugu dambeyntii la xiray sanadkii 2012. Waxaa ku yaalla tuulada Gorodnitsa gobolka Zhytomyr.

In times Soofiyeeti, warshadda soo saaray weelka, nooc shaaha iyo figurines galaas. On soo saarka stamp muujinayaa ama guumaysgeesaleyda ama saddex warqado: GFZ (magaca geedka).

Polonsky galaas Factory

In qeybtii labaad ee warshadaha XIX galaas qarnigii bilaabaa inuu ku barwaaqoobi doonaan Podolia (gobolka of Western Ukraine), ee dhameeya by saldhigga khayraadka maxaliga ah - ee kayd hodan dhoobo kaolin iyo ciid quartz. In 1889, magaalada jir buuxa (hadda gobolka Khmelnitsky) waxaa la aasaasay by geedka, taas oo ay ku Qaddarray si ay u noqdaan mid ka mid ah soo saarayaasha ugu weyn ee galaas ee USSR.

Gaar ahaan warshadda caanka Polonsky outlet statuettes badan. decanter caanka la koob oo ah qaab kalluunka, laga yaabee, waxay ahayd in qoys kale oo kasta Soviet. On soo saarka Polonsky ee warshad galaas marar badan aad ku arki kartaa stamp ee foomka of guumaysgeesaleyda ah. Nasiib darro, 2008 Rafaa warshadaha galaas Ukraine dayn inay ka jiraan.