Bulgakov Sergey Nikolaevich, falsafo Ruush, fiqi, wadaadkii Orthodox ah: Biography

Faylasuuf Ruush iyo fiqi, Sergei Bulgakov - dadka aayahooda walwalsan. Waxa uu ahaa in ay dhex maraan shaki ah oo ay helaan si ay Ilaah awoodi, isagoo abuuray inuu cilmiga gaarka ah ee Sophia, wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay ka gudbaan kalsooni darro ku ah saaxiibada iyo Diido wacdina iyo sida damiirka iyo iimaanka.

Childhood Family iyo

Bulgakov ku dhashay Sergey N. 16 (28) July 1871 ee Livny, ee ah wadaadka qoyska ballaaran, Abbot kiniisadda yar ee qubuuraha. Aabbaha Sergei carruurta (iyo waxaa uu ahaa toddoba) ee dhaqan Orthodox ka baro. qoyska waxay si joogta ah ka qeyb galay adeegyada kaniisadda, carruurta ay dhegaysan, oo ka dib u akhri isu Qorniinka. Sergey mahadnaq xusuustay carruurnimada, markii uu ka yimid xiriir la quruxda dabiiciga Ruush, taageeray by waynida shir quduus ah diimed ka. Waxay ahayd waqti this uu soo maray ururka habboonaanta leh Ilaah. Waxaa isaga lagu soo koriyey sidii lagu dayan karo Christian ah, sannadihii ugu horeysay ee uu si daacad ah Ilaah rumaysanna.

sano oo waxbarasho

In 12 sano, Bulgakov Sergey bilaabay waxbarashada dugsiga fiqi ahaaneed, waxa uu ahaa waqtigan, hadalkiisa, "wiil daacad ah Church ee." Ka dib ka qalin dugsiga, wuxuu galay seminary ee uu magaalada hooyo ee Livny. Inta lagu jiro wakhtigan uu si dhab ah u malaynaysaa ku saabsan sida loo naftiisa u adeegidda Ilaah xirmaan. Afar sano ka dib, dhamaado kooraska ee jaamacadda, Bulgakov galo seminary ee Orel. Halkan uu bartay muddo saddex sano ah, laakiin waqti la joogo ma jiro isbaddal weyn ee uu aragti, waxa uu dhibaato ah oo qoto dheer diinta, kaas oo isaga ifaysay Gaalnimo ee Ilaah. iimaanka lumay ee Church Orthodox ka, 1987, Bulgakov tagay seminary ka dibna laba sanadood oo waxbarashada dugsiga naxwaha classical in Yelets. Later, wuxuu galay State Moscow Jaamacadda, Kulliyadda Law. In 1894 wuxuu si guul leh u adkeysan imtixaanka kama dambaysta ah oo helay shahaadada Masterka ee la edbinta saxda ah.

views hore

Horeba seminary ugu horeysay sanadka Bulgakov Sergey kulma shaki daran ku sugan postulates diinta iyo badbaadaan dhibaatooyinka qoto dheer rumaysadka riixo isaga ma aha oo kaliya si ay u daryeelaan ka seminary ah, laakiin sidoo kale si ay u helaan oo u dhaw in ay aad loo jecel yahay waqtigan ee Maarkiistaha ah. Waxa uu ka shaqeeyaa adag in this jihada cusub falsafada nafsaddooda iyo si dhakhso ah u noqday theoretician ku hoggaamineed ee Marxism ee Russia. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in uu dhawaan ka warqaba in fashilka of aragti iyo fiddo dhinaca Niyadda. In 1902, xitaa wuxuu qoray maqaal cinwaankiisu yahay "From Marxism in Niyadda," kaas oo sharxaya isbeddelka aragtidiisa.

Isbeddelladan in views waa waafaqsan ruuxa waqtiga, intelligentsia Ruushka ee mudadaas waxaa lagu gartaa saamaynta Niyadda Jarmal oo markii danbe diimaha. Aqoon Bebel iyo Kautsky, qoraaladii Vladimir Soloviev iyo Tolstoy isaga keenaysaa in baadhaan oo duurka ku ah siyaasiyiinta Christian si wax looga qabto arrinta wanaagga iyo xumaanta. Waayo, wakhtigu waa qaar ka mid ah, Bulgakov jecel yahay cosmism, ka dib markii Nikolaem Fedorovym. baaris Tani, taas oo uu loogu tala galay sida "bulshada kiristaanka" gabi ahaanba taam galay horumar ah ee Ruush Fikirka falsafada muddada.

Tartiib tartiib fikradda ah Bulgakov bislaadaa iyo foomamka, jidka uu baaris falsafada dhammaataan qabsatay uu shaqada ugu weyn - buugga "Light of baabba'ayn".

dhaqdhaqaaqa Waxbarashada

Ka dib markii qalin-jabinta, Sergei Bulgakov (Biography waxay ku xiran ma aha oo kaliya la falsafada laakiin sidoo kale macalinka waa) waa in waaxda si ay u qori uu PhD, wuxuu sidoo kale bilaabay inuu baro siyaasadda dhaqaalaha ee Dugsiga Farsamada Imperial ee Moscow. In 1898, Jaamacadda taas u diraa laba sano safar cilmi Germany ah. In 1901 wuxuu difaacay sida uu u sha oo helay booska uu ka professor in waaxda dhaqaalaha siyaasadeed ee Kiev Polytechnic machadka. In 1906 wuxuu noqday professor a at Institute Commercial Moscow ee. muxaadarooyin Bulgakov ka tarjumaan jidkii baaris, kuwa badan oo iyaga ka mid ah waxaa lagu soo daabici doonaa sida a shuqullada falsafada iyo dhaqan-dhaqaale. Later uu ka shaqeeyay sida professor ah siyaasadda dhaqaalaha iyo professor Jaamacadda Tauride ee fiqiga iyo sharciga xeerkoodu iyo fiqiga ee Prague.

Waaya-aragnimada dhaqdhaqaaqa bulshada

Ka dib markii ku biiray Maarkiistaha ee 1903kii Bulgakov Sergey ku hawlan kulan sharci darro ah aasaaska u ah Midowga Xoreynta, kuwaas oo xubno ka ahaayeen Berdyaev, Vladimir Vernadsky, VI Graves. Iyadoo qayb ka ah hawlaha Bulgakov Midowga faafin views waddani, sida editor of majaladda "New Way". In 1906, falsafo qaadataa qayb firfircoon abuurka Midowga siyaasadda Christian, kaas oo meel-xigeenka labaad ee Duma State ee 1907. Si dhakhso ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, views u joojiyaan antimonarchist inuu ku dhow yahay isaga, wuuna tagaa in dhinaca ka soo horjeeda. Tan iyo markaas, uu mar dambe isku dayaan in ay ka qayb qaataan dhaqdhaqaaqyada bulshada oo diirada ay hawlaha on qoraal shuqulladiisa falsafada iyo saxaafadda.

falsafada diinta

In 1910, Sergei Bulgakov, kuwaas oo falsafada waxaa soo socda in ay dhibic ugu weyn ee dhinaca horumarinta, la kulmay Pavlom Florenskim. Saaxiibtinimada u dhexeeya labada aqoon yahanno aad buu hodan fikradda Ruush. Muddadan Bulgakov ugu danbeyn soo laabtay laabta diinta, falsafadda Christian. Kolkaasuu wuxuu iyada daweeyey arrin kaniisad-ool ah ka. In 1917 daabaco uu buugga-yada "la Light ee aan baabba'ayn," ayaa sidoo kale sanadkan Sergey ka qeyb qaadanaya Golaha Deegaanka All-Ruush ah, taasoo soo celineysa patriarchate ee dalka.

Philosopher wakhtigaas wax badan oo ku saabsan fikirka jidadka horumarinta dalka iyo waxgaradka. Waxa uu la kulmay kacaanka sida geerida naxdinta lahaa oo dhan in uu jeclaa in ay nolosha. Bulgakov rumeysan yahay in daqiiqad adag this ee saaran garbaha wadaaddada leeyihiin howlgalka gaar ah si loo badbaadiyo aadanaha iyo cibaadaysi. Dagaalkii sokeeye xoojinay dareenka apocalypse iyo riixay Sergei Nikolaevich go'aamada muhiimka ah ee nolosha.

wadaadkii Jidka

In 1918, Bulgakov amray wadaadkii ah. Daahirinta qaadataa meel on June 11 at keniisad Danilovsky ah. Aabbaha taliye Sergiyos Bawlos si dhow ula Wadaad Tikhon iyo si tartiib tartiib ah uu bilaabo inuu door si caddaalad ah oo muhiim ah in Church Ruush ah ciyaaro, laakiin waxa uu ku bedelay dagaalka. In 1919 wuxuu aaday inuu Crimea kor u soo qaado qoyskiisa, laakiin inuu ku soo laabto Moscow uu mar dambe ku Qaddarray lahaa. Wakhtigan, Bolsheviks Bulgakov ka horjoogsanaya in ka Macalimiin of Institute Commercial Moscow ka. In Simferopol, wuxuu ka shaqeeyaa jaamacadda iyo sii qoraal shuqullada falsafada. Laakiin waxaa yimid dowladda Soviet ugu dhakhsaha badan isaga waayi fursaddan.

haajirid

In 1922, Sergei Bulgakov, kuwaas oo buugaag ma aha ee, maamulka cusub ee Soviet la aqbali karo, oo waxaa loo diray si ay u Constantinople oo la socda qoyskiisa. Waxa uu la siiyey saxiixa a on dukumenti oo sheegaya in uu soo diray ka RSFSR ah si joogto ah iyo in ay dhacdo in soo laabashada waa la dili doonaa. From Constantinople Bulgakov dhaqaaqay Prague.

Sergey marnaba dooneen inay ka tagaan dhulkooda hooyo, kaas oo ahaa mid aad u jeclaa in. nolosha oo dhan ayuu la hadlay, isagoo iskibrin oo ku saabsan uu ka soo jeedo Ruush iyo taageersaneyd dhaqanka Ruushka, lagu qasbay in ay dibadda ka jiraan. Wuxuu weligiis ku riyoon in ay booqdaan Russia, laakiin waxa ay ahayd in aan noqon. Marka guriga ahaa ina Bulgakovyh Fedor, kaasoo ay u lahayd marna ku arkay.

muddo Prague

In 1922, Bulgakov Sergey timaado in Prague, halkaas oo uu bilaabay ka shaqeeya machadka Ruush oo ka mid ah Kuliyadda Sharciga. Waqtigaas, Prague la odhan jiray "Ruush Oxford" halkan ka dib markii kacaanka waxaa ka mid ahaa wakiillada sida falsafada diinta sida Lossky, G. Vernadsky, Struve, P. Novgorodtsev. Intaanay laba sannadood, Bulgakov halkan baray fiqiga. Intaa waxaa dheer, ayuu sameeyaa adeegga ee kaniisadda ardayga ee Prague ee, mid ka mid ah kaniisadaha magaalada hareeraheeda ah.

Bulgakov ku noolaa hostel machadka lagu magacaabo "Svobodarna", kaas oo isku keenay koox cajiib ah aqoonyahaniinta Ruush iyo aqoon yahanno. Aabbaha taliye Sergiyos Bawlos wuxuu ahaa aasaasihii majaladda "Caalamku ruuxiga ah ee ardayga," oo lagu daabacay articles xiiso leh content fiqi ahaaneed. Waxa uu sidoo kale noqday mid ka mid ah qabanqaabiyeyaasha ugu weyn ka mid ah "Student Ruush Christian Movement", kuwaas oo xubnihiisu ay keentay aqoon yahanno emigre Ruush iyo aqoonyahanno.

muddo Paris

In 1925, Aabbaha taliye Sergiyos Bawlos iyo qoyskiisa u dhaqaaqay Paris, halkaas oo, oo uu si firfircoon uga qayb, furay Orthodox fiqi Institute ugu horeysay, Hormood ayuuna iyo professor of taas oo uu ku noqdo. Tan iyo 1925, wuxuu ka dhigaa wax badan oo ka mid ah safarada, safray ku dhowaad dhammaan dalalka Europe iyo North America. muddo Paris ayaa sidoo kale ka duwan qalliin degdeg ah falsafada Bulgakov. The ugu caansan shuqulladiisa muddada this waa: Forbrydelsen "Wanka Ilaah", "aroosadda oo ah Wanka," "Gargaaraha", buugga "Gubasho Bush". Sida hormuudka ah ee St. taliye Sergiyos Bawlos Bulgakov, Sergei abuuraa xarunta dhabta ah ruuxiga ah ee dhaqanka Ruush ee Paris. Waxay abaabushaa shaqada on dhismaha dhismaha, loo yaqaan "Sergey House." Waayo, 20 sano oo uu hoggaanka waxaa u muuqataa mid yar dhismayaasha magaalada iyo kaniisadaha. Aabbaha taliye Sergiyos Bawlos oo sidoo kale la soo shaqeeyay dadka dhalinyarada ah, isagoo noqday baraha caan ah iyo hage loogu talagalay ardayda.

tijaabooyin Large adkaystay by Bulgakov ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, waxa uu ahaa waqti in mar hore aad u xanuunsan, laakiin xitaa in xaaladahan ma aysan joogsan uu shaqada si ay u abuuraan a shuqullada diinta-falsafada. Waxa uu yahay mid aad u walwalsan tahay qaddar ee dalkooda iyo guud ahaan Yurub.

Sophiology Bulgakov

Fikradda falsafadeed ee Bulgakov waxaa kala saari Karin xidhiidh la fiqiga. Fikradda dhexe - Wisdom Sophia Ilaah - ma ahayn cusub in fikirka diiniga ah, waxa uu si firfircoon uga horumarsan Soloviev, laakiin waxaa leh Aabbaha taliye Sergiyos Bawlos iyana waxay noqotay khibrad hoose oo qoto dheer, soo dajinta. qoraallada Diinta-falsafada Bulgakov u baahnaydeen daacadnimada iyo joogta ah, halkii, waxa la qirtay in buugaagta ay, wuxuu sheegayaa inuu waayo-aragnimo u gaar ah asalka ah. Ra'yiga Main ruuxiga ah ee uu aragtida, Sophia Wisdom Ilaah, waxaa la fahamsan yahay in siyaabo kala duwan: ka muuqashadii femininity sida aasaaska ah ee dunida inuu waxyaalaha ugu weyn ee ciidamada mideynaya, xigmadda universal iyo wanaag. Fikradda ah Bulgakov waxaa cambaareeyey Church Orthodox ka, wuxuu ahaa ma lagu eedeeyay faasiqnimo, laakiin tilmaamay khaladaadka iyo Taangiyo iyo. Fikradda lama helay dhamaystiran noocan oo ku hadhay ah shakhi si caddaalad ah kala duwan.

nolosha Personal

Bulgakov Sergey Nikolaevich jiray dhacdooyinka nolosha hodanka ah. Back ee 1898, wuxuu guursaday gabadhii mulkiilaha Elene Ivanovne Tokmakovoy, oo waxay isagii u qaadeen oo dhan tijaabooyin nolosha, oo waxaa jiray kuwo badan. Lamaanahan ayaa wuxuu lahaa toddoba carruur ah, laakiin keliya labo ka mid ah ka badbaaday. Dhimashada saddex Ivasheka noqday qoto dheer, khibrad naxdin leh, waayo, Bulgakov, ayay riixay fekeraya in ay milicsadaan xigmadda dunida. In 1939, wadaadku wuxuu ka helay kansarka cunaha, uu maray qaliin halis ah uu xadhko vocal on, laakiin bartay iyada oo dadaal wayn oo u sheegay in ka dib. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in 1944 uu ka cabanayay Xanuuno ah, taas oo keentay in dhimashada 13 July 1944.