Abwaan ka hadla oo Ruush. Silver Age ka hadla oo

By dhamaadka tobanka sano ee hore ee qarnigii 20-aad ee Western Europe waxaa la faafiyo ah jihada cusub casri la afhayeenka yaqaan "Futurism" (ka soo Laatiin turjumay - "mustaqbalka").
Waxaa la arkaa in ay awoowe qoraaga Talyaani Filippo Marinetti, naadiyey ee 1909, burburinta dhamaystiran oo dhan qiyamka dhaqamada iyo caadooyinka aasaasay in image dunida. Halkii ka mid ah gabayayaashiinnu ka hadla oo ay soo jiidatay akhristayaasha in nolosha maanta dhakhso socod, oo doorbiday in ay ka hadlaan badan oo ku saabsan mustaqbalka. All qodobada waaweyn waxaa ka soo baxay bayaanka ka, qoraaga ugu horeeyay oo ka mid ah oo wuxuu bilaabay inuu Marinetti.

Abuuritaanka tahay a qoto dheer cusub ujeedada asalka ah ee Futurists ah, labada Yurub iyo Russia. qorayaasha Later ayaa taageeray fanaaniinta kuwaas oo qaatay saldhig ahaan image aadanaha ee xarunta of weeraryahanka dunida dhaqaaqin, calaamad matalayay sida tiro badan oo ah qaababka joomateri.

Features lyrics Futurists

geesiga shuqulladii cusub ee jihada avant-garde - deggan magaalada casriga ah, iyadoo ay firfircoonida,-xawaaraha sare, badan oo qalab iyo electrification, taasoo keentay in weligiis kaamil ah ka weyn ee nolosha. Lyrical "I" futurists Colnimo doonaya in ay ka hesho ee la soo dhaafay ay classical, kaas oo muujiyey in arinkii gaar ah in uusan aqbali xeerarka Saan, dhismaha erayada iyo iska waafaqsan waxa weeyi iyada erayada. Ujeedada ugu weyn ee soo eryadeen by Abwaan ka hadla - Gaadhsiin aad aragti iyo fahamka waxa ka dhacaya agagaarka by kasta oo ka dhigan tahay ku haboon qofka.

Formation of Ruush-uqabso

In Russia, isbedel cusub uu bilaabo inuu qaab qaataan 1910. Tani waa xilliga markii caan faa'iidada, dad badan oo gabayaaga of Age Silver ah. Futurists si deg deg ah soo jiitay. Waxa intaa dheer in qaab farshaxan kala aayaddan (oo kale), waxaa la dallacsiiyey by keenaya hadalka fadeexad in dadweynaha iyo socdaal gaaban ku magaalo ee ugu waaweyn ee Russia.

Futurism Ruush, in la barbardhigo Yurub, ma ahaa heterogeneity dhamaystiran oo kala duwan. Inta u dhaxaysa koox-uqabso mararka qaar lagu arkay arrin dood kulul. Waxa jira kiisas halkaas oo gabayaaga ka hadla oo ka mid ah ururka maray in kale. Laakiin guusha ugu weyn ee weli labada xarumood ee habkani: Moscow iyo St. Petersburg.

Gobolka Togdheer-Futurists

In waqooyiga hal gabayaaga caasimada sanadkii 1912 ay xogagga agagaarka Ivan Ignatiev. Waxay loogu magac isu soo Togdheer-Futurists, oo macnihiisu yahay "I -. Mustaqbalka" booska A taasoo keentay in wareegga this ayaa ku guuleystay Igor Severyanin (Lotarev), kaas oo sanad ka hor lagu xusay sifooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee magaca asalka ah iyo jihada cusub ee gabayada. In fekerkiisa, "ego oo dhan-awooda badan" uu noqdo ciidan ka hor inta aan waxba istaagi kara. Waxay ahayd ayuu, ma kasteba si nabadaynta, kaas oo gaadhay dabaal ay boosaska, hirarkii, ra'yiga mid ah gabayayaashiinnu, waa iska caadi ah oo kaliya sax ah.

Publisher "Petersburg dhawaaqa" waxay ahayd madal ka ahaayeen Abwaan ka hadla. Lyrics of qaababka eray cusub oo kala duwan iyo la qabsashada afka qalaad af Ruush, la doorbidayo Jarmal iyo Faransiis quruxsan. Sidaas darteed, hal abuur Gobolka Togdheer-Futurists heleen sifooyinka, waxbay ushafeeci idanka muuqashadii yar si ay dhaxalka ee dhigooda dalka Talyaaniga, kuwaas oo istaagay ee asal ahaan of arrimuhu wax-uqabso ee suugaanta.

"Gilea"

Waxbaa ka duwan St. Petersburg marka la eego aragtida laga qabo dafiray xaqiiqada Moscow gabayaaga-futurists. Liiska wuxuu ku bilaabmayaa walaalahood Burliuk, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Velimir Khlebnikov. Waxay ka soo horjeeda ee "I" kalsooni badan "aan" oo naftooda u naadisaan Cubo-Futurists. madal fikirka iyaga u ahayd in la isu geeyo "Gilea", aasaasay ee 1910 ee Moscow.

Oo waxay xusuusteen xididdada iyo kibir xirtay magaca "Ruush Futurists". Poets adag isku dayay inuu ka asxaabteena Talyaani kala, iyo Khlebnikov xitaa ku bixiyeen in la siiyo jihada magac cusub - "budetlyanstvo" in ay xoogga saaraan lahayd kelinimada iyo shaqsiyaddeenna. ka dibna waxaa la daabacay manifesto fadeexad "dharbaaxay in wajiga of dhadhan dadweynaha", isla markiiba soo jiidatay dadkii ugu intelligentsia oo dhan Ruush. Taasi waxaa xigay qaab iyo khudbado cajiib ah, taas oo ah gabayayaashiinnu ka hadla oo la yaabay dhagaystayaasha ula saftay oo arin argagax ah (qabaa Mayakovsky oo uu jaakada caanka ah huruud ah ama Gabayaana waxaa wejiga rinji). Faasiqiin eegay daabaco ay gabayo, Yaa, barnaamijyada iyo waxa ay ku daabacan wallpaper hore, ka dibna warqad duubo, oo had iyo jeer ma si loo badbaadiyo lacag. Qof ka caroodeen dhamaystiran tixgalin waayo xeerarka suugaanta iyo abuurka erayo aan caadi ahayn oo siyaabo gabi ahaanba caadi ahayn of formatting text jira, laakiin, in sida laga yaabaa, tan dambe la siiyaa "boocsadahana" oo dhan (waa sida inta badan loo yaqaan ee bulshada) horyaalka cod weyn oo si fiican u qalantay ah "gabayaaga ah Silver ah qarnigii. " Futurists "galea" si fiican u taagan suugaanta Ruush iyo qayb ka ah horumarinta iyo horumar.

Vladimir Mayakovsky

Abwaan-kacaan oo aad caasiyowdaan ah - inta badan la hadlay oo ku saabsan wakiilada ugu caansan ee Futurism Ruush. Bilowga 1912-1914 muddada lagu tiriyaa jidka hal abuur Mayakovsky. Waxaa kale oo ammaan ah oo u sheegay in fikradda ah jihada avant-garde sameeyay dhadhan bilicsanaanta Abwaan iyo maagganaa qaddar suugaanta ku. In labaatan jir ah, dad badan ayaa ka dhaadhiciyay in Mayakovsky - Abwaan ka hadla, sida lagu gartaa Saan aan caadi ahayn ee uu shaqada, nooc ka mid ah erayada, erayga foomamka tiro badan oo copyright, tusaale cajiib ah. Oo intaas oo dhammu muuqaalada qaab farshaxan Abwaan ay xidido ku leeyihiin shaqada hore, wacaya iyo qaylo. Oo ka dib markii toban sano la magiciisana waxaa ugu horayn la xidhiidha hawlaha Futurists ah.

isbeddellada kale ee wax-uqabso

In 1913 waxaa qaab qaaday "Mezzanine ee Poetry" (B. Lavrenev, Shershenevich) iyo "Lyrics", kaas oo gooni looga sannad ka dib "Centrifuge" (Boris Pasternak, N. Aseev) (oo sidoo kale mararka qaarkood loo yaqaan futurists ah yeelataan shir labaad). Kooxdu waxay ugu horeysay si deg deg ah halkii ay kala diray. "Centrifuge", kaas oo socday ilaa 1917, ayaa waxaa ku salaysan dhaqanka classic suugaanta, isku jirka leh hal-abuurnimo higayaa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, oo tanuna waa a Gabayaana waxaa si fiican u yaqaan weyn si kama taro. Boris Pasternak, tusaale ahaan, ugu dhakhsaha badan uu ka socday goobahan iska dhaqaaqay, waxaana uu meesha ka qaaday in suugaanta ee gabayada madax banaan.

gabayaaga caanka ah ee Da'da Silver ku hadla oo

List of sayid erayga, la hayo marxalad gaar ah oo uu fikrado hal abuur leh oo ka mid ah wax-uqabso, waa arrin ballaaran. Ka qayb qaadashada hawlaha qaar ka mid ah Futurists ahaa muddo kooban ah, halka kuwa kale oo weli la qaab dhismeedka of jihada dhan mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed ka. Halkan waxa ku jira wakiillo ka ugu caansan ee kooxaha la xushay.

Cubo-Futurists:

• Burliuks - Aasaasayaasha;
• Khlebnikov - inspirer;
• Mayakovsky - shakhsiyadda ugu fiican, kuwaas oo shaqadoodu markii danbe u baxay meel ka durugsan jihada;
• Kruchenykh.

"Centrifuge":

• N. Aseev,
• Boris Pasternak,
• S. Bobrov.

Gobolka Togdheer-Futurists:

• Founder - "King of Poets" J. Northerner,
• S. Olympus
• Ivanov,
• M. Lokhvitskaya.

"Mezzanine ee Poetry":

• Shershenevich,
• S. Tret'yakov,
• R. Ivnev.

Rubezhnoe War World First iyo Kacaanka

1913-1914 sano - waqtigan ugu xumaa ee ammaanta, kaas oo gaadhay Futurists Ruush. Poets ayaa sidoo kale la aqoonsan yahay oo dhan wareegyada suugaanta, abaabulan tiro badan oo ah bandhigyo, muxaadarooyin, habeenkii gabayo. In 1915, waxaan ka hadleynaa ah "dhimashada" ee Futurism, inkastoo "Centrifuge" jiray muddo ka badan 2 sano. Gaadhay hawada fikrado higayaa la maqlo iyo ka dib kacaankii 20 sano: bilowga ah ee tobanka sano ee - in shuqullada mid ah gabayayaashiinnu ka tirsan ee Tiflis ah "41o", ka dibna ku jirta aayadda oberiutov Petrograd. Waxay ay wali ka qayb qaatay "horumar" oo ah afka, badalka ay badaleen waxaa weeya, naxwaha, nidaamka graphic.

Xiriirka caqliga Ruush in Futurism

ah ee jihada cusub iyo falalka aan caadiga ahayn ee wakiilkiisa ayaa barbaro gashay dareenka of intelligentsia Ruushka. hadallo is burinaya badan oo inta lagu guda jiro waxqabad laftiisa maqlay ka dhanka ah Abwaan ka hadla. List dhaleecayn furmay aqoonsan halka symbolist Bryusov. The "hal" la caayo ayuu u saaray oo teedu siyaabo badan,, iyo fikrad xun in dhaqanka dhaqanka Ruush "ka Talyaani ah soo gala". Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ayuu yiri hadhuudh buuxa shuqulka futurists Moscow iyo St. Petersburg iyo muujinney rajada ah in ay karaa "koraan galay ubax." Shardiga ugu muhiimsan - si ay u tixgeliyaan waayo-aragnimo ah ee hadda jira ee Symbolists ah.

Si xun u gartay gabayaa cusub Ivan Bunin iyo M. Osorgin, uglyadevshie in ay shaqada iyo dhaqanka karaa fowdo. Gorky, in la barbardhigo, wuxuu arkay bixitaanka Futurists ee suugaanta Ruush ee dhab ah waqtiga iyo la xiriira.