Futuristayaasha waa kuwee? Futurists Ruush. Futurists ee Silver Age

Futurism (ka futurum Laatiin, taasoo la micno ah "mustaqbalka") --uqabso ah dhaqdhaqaaqa ee farshaxanka ee Europe 1910-1920, inta badan ee Russia iyo Italy .. Waxay raadineysay inay abuurto "fanka mustaqbalka", iyada oo wakiilo ka socda jiheyntan lagu dhawaaqay bandhigyada.

Shaqada FT Marinetti, gabayada Talyaaniga, dhalinyarada Ruushka ah ee ka soo jeeda bulshada Gilei, iyo sidoo kale ka qaybgalayaasha Mezzanine of Poetry, Ururka Ego Futurists, Centrifugi, dhaqameed dhaqameed oo ah dhaxal ah "horay" loo diiday, muusikada mashiinka mashiinka iyo magaaleynta .

Astaamaha

Rinjiyeynta jihadaas waxaa lagu gartaa qaababka isdaba-joogga ah, isbeddelka, soo noqnoqoshada soo noqnoqda ee noocyada kala duwan, sida haddii lagu soo koobo riyooyinka laga helay natiijada dhaqdhaqaaqa deg-degga ah. Dalka Talyaaniga, waa kuwo J. Severini, U. Boccioni. In suugaanta waxaa jira isku dhaf ah oo khibrad iyo qalab dokumenti ah, gabayada - tijaabin luuqada ("maya" ama "ereyada dabacsan"). Ruwaayadaha Ruush-Futurists waa VV Mayakovsky, VV Khlebnikov, I. Severyanin, AE Kruchenykh.

Kooxaha

Jihadaani waxay ka kacday 1910 -1912, isla mar ahaantaana ay la jaanqaaday. Acmeists, futurists iyo wakiillada isbeddellada kale ee casriga ah ee shaqadooda iyo is-dhexgalka ayaa ahaa mid is burinaya. Kuwa ugu muhiimsan ee kooxda Futurist, mar dambe loogu yeero Cubo Futurism, waxay ku biireen gabayaaga kala duwan ee Silver Age. Gabaygii ugu caansanaa gabayada futurist waa V. V. Khlebnikov, D. D. Burliuk, V. V. Kamensky, A. Kruchenykh, V. V. Mayakovsky iyo kuwo kale. Egorofurism I. Severyanin (gabayga IV Lotarev, sannadaha nolosha - 1887-1941) wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah noocyada isbeddelkan. In group "Centrifuge" bilaabeen shaqadooda yaqaan gabayaaga Soviet B. L. Pasternak iyo N. N. Aseev.

Xorriyadda hadalka ereyga

Ruushka Futuristayaasha ayaa ku dhawaaqay xorriyadda qaabka ay ka kooban tahay, xajistiisa, xorriyaadka xayiraad ah ee erayga gabay. Waxay si buuxda u cambaareeyeen dhaqanka suugaanta. Calaamad muujinaysa magac aad u naxdin leh, "Ku dhufo wejiga dadweynaha," iyaga oo lagu daabacay 1912 ururada isla magaca, wakiilada isbeddelladaan ayaa loogu baaqay in shaqada laga eryo masuuliyiintaas sida Dostoyevsky, Pushkin iyo Tolstoy laga soo "Modern Steamboat." A. Kruchenykh wuxuu difaacay xuquuqda gabayada ee ah in uu abuuro luuqadiisa, oo aan laheyn macne gaar ah. In gabayadiisa, hadalku wuxuu xaqiiqo ahaan ku bedelay erey aan macquul ahayn, ereyo aan macno lahayn. Laakiin VV Kamensky (sannadaha nolosha - 1884-1961) iyo V. Khlebnikov (sannadaha noloshooda - 1885-1922) waxay awoodaan inay tijaabiyaan tijaabooyin aad u xiiso leh oo ku saabsan shaqadooda luqadda, kuwaas oo saameyn weyn ku yeeshay gabayada Ruushka.

Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky

Mustaqbalka wuxuu ahaa gabay caan ah Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky (1893-1930). Gabaygiisii koowaad waxaa lagu daabacay 1912. Vladimir Vladimirovich ayaa ku soo bandhigay mawduuciisa jihada, taas oo laga soo bilaabo bilawgii uu u aqoonsaday isaga oo ka mid ah wakiillada kale. Mayakovsky-Futurist ayaa si firfircoon uga doodday abuurista cusub ee nolosha bulshada, oo aan ahayn kaliya "junk" kala duwan.

Kacaanka kacdoonka 1917, oo ka soo horjeeda kacaanka, gabaygu wuxuu ahaa royal romanticist oo cambaareeyay boqortooyada "baruurta" ee loo yaqaan "dufka", waxay dusha u taagtay duufaantii dhacday. Isagoo diidaya nidaamka guud ee xiriirka caasimadda, wuxuu ku nuuxnuuxsaday iimaanka aadanaha ee manta sida gabayada "Flute-spine", "Cloud in surwaalka", "Man", "Dagaal iyo nabad." Mawduuca gabay "Cloud in Pants", oo lagu daabacay 1915 (oo keliya foomka canshurta), ayaa markii dambe lagu qeexay gabayga sida 4 qaylo leh "Down with!": Jacaylka, farshaxanka, amarka iyo diinta. Wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah gabayaayaasha ugu horreeya Ruushka si uu ugu muujiyo gabaygiisa dhabta ah ee bulshada cusub.

Nihilism

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay kacaanka ee gabayada Ruush jiray shaqsiyad dhalaalaysa, oo ay adag tahay in u yeelaan gaar ah dhaqdhaqaaqa suugaanta. Tani waa MI Tsvetaeva (1892-1941) iyo MA Voloshin (1877-1932). Ka dib 1910, waxaa jira jihada kale ee cusub - futurism, taas oo ka soo horjeeda suugaanta oo dhan, ma aha oo keliya taariikhda, laakiin sidoo kale xaadirka. Waxay soo gashay aduunkoo leh rabitaan ah in ay hoos u dhigto dhammaan fikradaha. Nihilism waxaa laga arki karaa naqshadeynta dibadda ee uruurinta gabayada ee lagu soo daabacay dhinaca dambe ee waraaqda derbiga ama warqadda wax lagu duubo, iyo sidoo kale magacyadooda - "Dayaxa dhintay", "Caano madoow" iyo gabayada kale ee caadiga ah ee mustaqbalka.

"Ku dhufo wejiga dadweynaha"

Markii ugu horreysay ee la daabacay 1912 ururinta "Ku dhufo wejiga dadwaynaha" ayaa lagu daabacay caddayn. Waxaa saxeexay gabayaaga caanka ah ee futurist. Waxa uu ahaa Andrew Kruchenykh, David Burliuk, Vladimir Mayakovsky iyo Velimir Khlebnikov. Waxa ay ku tilmaameen xuquuqdooda gaarka ah inay noqoto afhayeenka xilligooda. Balotelli, oo ah "balwad fiyuus", Andreev oo la yiraahdo "slime bereavement", Maxim Gorky, Alexander Blok, Alexander Kuprin iyo kuwo kale.

Diidmada wax walba, caddaynta Futurists waxay aasaaseen "iftiin" erayga qaaliga ah. Haddii aanad isku dayin, si ka duwan Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky, in ay afgembiyaan amarka bulshada ee jira, waxay kaliya doonayeen in ay cusboonaysiiyaan foomamka. Nooca Ruushka ah, "Dagaalku waa nadaafadda keliya ee adduunka", oo loo arko saldhigga fanka ee Talyaaniga, waa la daciifiyay, si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida Valery Bryusov, fikraddan wali waxa ay "u muuqatay inta u dhexaysa khadadka."

Sida laga soo xigtay Vadim Shershenevich, mustaqbalka da'yarka lacagta ah ayaa markii ugu horeysay u sameeyay qaabka ugu sarreeya ee loogu talagalay dhererka saxda ah, isaga oo siinaya qiimaha ugu muhiimsan, ee iscaawinta ah ee shaqada. Waxay si caddaalad ah u diideen aayaadka, kuwaas oo lagu qoro oo keliya fikradda. Sidaa darteed, mabaadiida rasmiga ah ee rasmiga ah ayaa kacay

Luqad cusub

Velimir Khlebnikov, oo ah naqshad kale oo mustaqbalka ah, wuxuu ku dhawaaqay luqad cusub "abstruse" luqad mustaqbalka ee adduunka oo dhan. Halkaa, eraygu wuxuu lumiyaa macnaha erayga macnaha ah, kaas oo soo iibsanaya sheeko macquul ah. Sidaa darteed, shaqalaha waxaa loo fahmay meel iyo waqti (dabeecada rabitaanka), shibannayaasha - cod, rinji, urin. Raadinta si loo ballaariyo xuduudaha luuqada, wuxuu ku talineyaa inuu abuuro erey ku saleysan xididada (xididdada: hindisaha ..., "chur ..." - "waan ku niyadsanahay waanan xishoodnaa").

Qalabka heesaha ah ee calaamad iyo, gaar ahaan gabay gabay ah, gabaygu wuxuu ka soo horjeeday ambalaasta dareenka-aestheticization. Tusaale ahaan, "Gabaygu waa gabadh la gashado" by David Burliuk. Valery Bryusov ee dib u eegista "Sanadka Gabayga Ruushka" (1914) ayaa xusay, isaga oo xusay miyir la'aanta miyiriga ah ee gabayada futuristka ah, inaysan ku filneyn in lagu xannibo dhammaan kuwa ka baxsan goobtiisa si ay u helaan wax cusub. Wuxu tilmaamay, in dhammaan muqarramka la yaabka leh ee majaajiladaas ay yihiin kuwo khayaali ah. Waxaan la kulmaan iyaga waxaa la jiray in gabayada qarnigii 18aad, ee Virgil iyo Pushkin, oo sanqadha-midabo kala aragti la soo jeediyey Teofilem Gote.

Dhibaatooyinka xiriirka

Waxaa xiiso leh in, dhammaan diidmada farshaxanka, mustaqbalka Silver Age weli waxay dareemayaan joogtaynta calaamadaha. Tusaale ahaan, Alexander Blok, oo daawaday shaqada Igor Severyanin, ayaa sheegay in uu walaac ka qabo inuusan mawduuc laheyn, iyo qodobka 1915, Valery Bryusov wuxuu xusay in awood la'aanta in la fekero iyo aqoon la'aanta aqoontooda. Wuxuu caashaqaynayaa Severanin sababtoo ah nacasnimo, dhadhan xun, gaar ahaan wuxuu dhaleeceeyay gabayada ku saabsan dagaalka.

Back in 1912 Alexander Blok ayaa sheegay in uu ka baqayay xaqiiqda ah in dadka casriga ah aysan haysanin asaasi ah. Dhawaan fikradaha "futurist" iyo "hooligan" waxa ay noqdeen mid isku midka ah dadweynaha dhexdhexaadka ah ee sanadahaas. Saxaafadda ayaa si xushmad leh u raacday "ficillada" ee abuurayaasha farshaxanka cusub. Taasna waxay uga mahadcelisay qaybta ballaadhan ee dadwaynaha, waxay soo jiidatay dareen badan. Taariikhda isbeddelkan Ruushku waa xidhiidh adag oo u dhexeeya wakiilada afarta kooxood ee ugu waaweyn, mid kasta oo ka mid ah kuwaa oo rumaysnaa in ay muujinayso "dhabta" dhabta ah, oo si aad ah u loola dhaqmay dadka kale, oo loola jeedo doorka muhiimka ah. Culayskani waxa uu ka dhacay dooxooyinka dhaleeceynta labada dhinac, taas oo kordhisay jahawareer iyo cadaawinimo. Laakiin mararka qaarkood xubnaha kooxo kala duwan ayaa u guuray midba midka kale ama isu yimid.