Zis-154 - baabuur ugu horeysay gudaha la engine a hybrid

December 8, 1946 la baadhay ee zis-154 horeysay baska qoyska, kaas oo lahaa qaabka carload ah. Oo ma ahaa ay feature kaliya. baska cusub ahaa kii ugu horeeyay baabuur Soviet la powertrain ah hybrid. Taasi waa nidaamka joogto ah la fuliyo waxa ku jira. Waxaa matoor sari engine gudaha waxaa wareejiyo, taas oo, ee jeedo, quudiyey by matoorrada korontada, gudbinta Xuddunta in giraangiraha wadista ah.

Bilow iyo prototypes

Work on mashruuca bilaabeen in horraanta gu'ga 1946. By May ee sannadkan in, basaska khaaska ah KB ayaa loo qabanqaabiyaa VMS, kaas oo uu ku hawlan dhismaha iyo mashiinada cusub. Bureau madax AI Skerdzhiev. Waa in la ogaadaa in qaab-dhismeedka baska aan loo abuuray ka xoq. Prototypes of model cusub ahaayeen American GMC oo Mack. Waa mashiinada oo kaluu lahaa iyo baabuur-jirka, ee daawaha aluminium sameeyey, oo markii dambe loo isticmaalo in design jidhka zis-154.

engine baabuur cusub ayaa sidoo kale ma aha asalka ah. Riix-jiid awoodda unit awoodda 110 litir. a. (YAZ-204D), muhiimad ahaan waa "afduubtey" copy of engine Mareykanka ee GMC ee. basaska Moscow ahaayeen inay aqbalaan xubin ka mid ah baabuurta cusub in ay sanad guuradii 800aad ee caasimadda ah ee USSR. Sidaa darteed, waaba intaasoo xaaladaha lama filaan ah inta lagu guda jiro dabaal-guuradii, ee ugu horeysay ee ay soo saartay 45 "model" ayuu zis dhigooda gudaha powerplant bedelay naaftada GMC-4-71, helay in ka sano oo dagaal ah by Xulafada on amaahi-kirada.

aluminium Bus

Tan iyo zis waligiis ha gaariga la jirka monocoque dhan-birta, waxaa la go'aamiyay in ay ku lug leeyihiin khubarada design baska Tushino warshad diyaaradaha. Sidaas darteed hawlgalka wadajirka ah ee labada CB jirka sita waxaa la abuuray, qaab dhismeedka ah taas oo ahayd set oo ah dhowr qaybood oo la mid ah in midkiinba midka kale, oo ka kooban loox, steel tuuray iyo profiles aluminium. Sidoo kale bodywork zis-154 go'aansaday in la mideeyo la jirka trolleybus MTB-82B iyo taraamka MTV-82. Farqiga been oo keliya ee xaqiiqda ah in la sameeyey ma ay waday, kuwaas oo ah qaabab gaadiidka.

Gudbinta baska

unit Awoodda meeleysan yahay transversely in overhang danbe ee baska, fadhiga shan kursi ah. Diesel YAZ-204 D xiran matoor awood u qeybinayay si toos ah hadda motor ah, kaas oo la soo maray iyada oo wareeg ah gimbal inay dariiq dhexaad ka gadaal. Beddelidda jihada (Weeraryahanka iyo gadaal) waxaa fuliyey by biiro yaalla meel u dhow kursiga wadaha ee. Mase loo ogolaaday in la sameeyaa oo keliya ka dib markii stop a full of baska.

magnitude ayaa ah dadaal looga baahan yahay tractive waxaa si toos toosin, kaas oo ahaa gudbinta tirsa daray korontada. Marka tan la eego, shaqo ee darawalka inta badan ka sahlan. Baabi'inta baahida loo qabo in la beddelo geerka, siday u kala horreeyaan, iyo Tuujiya baydalka ku xajin, taas oo muhiim ah in deegaanno magaalooyinka ahaa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, raaxadeeda waxa looga baahan yahay in sax ah iyo, dhammaan ayuu ka sarreeyaa, dayactirka u qalma ee warshadda, kaas oo, Dabcan, wakhtigaas ahayd dhibaato wayn sababta oo ah cibaaro ah ee nidaamka iyo la'aanta ah ee ku takhasusay awoodaan si ay u cusboonaysiiyaan.

Intaas waxaa sii dheer, tamarta ka soo engine ku sari gudaha wareejiyo ilaa wheel gaaro kordhin qaab beddelidda double khasaara ool ah oo wax ku-oolnimada. Tani waxay keenaysaa in isticmaalka shidaalka sare (65 litir 100 km). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhismayaasha iyo dhismaha cusub u tageen inay taxane. By hore July ee Moscow qaaday basaska galay safafka ay 7 baabuurta marka hore la sii daayay by geedka. A September 7th Fleet daray 25 unugyada kale.

Si aad u macaaneyd ayaa rakaabka

Dhismaha rakaabka baska marka la eego dhaw raaxadeeda waxa soo baxay guul wayn. Gudaha ayaa loogu talagalay 60 qof, iyaga ka mid ah - 34 fadhiga. Fadhiisiyaa Cushioning Color Options ama Brygge. Wixii jiilaalka zis-154 ayaa waxaa ku qalabaysan leh habka kuleylinta ee wanaagsan, iyo xagaaga - hawo. Raaxada dar iyo ganaax jilicsan. Baska ayaa la dedejiyey si habsami isku dhaqaaqay, in la barbardhigo in lagu daydo hore waxay ahayd oo kaliya gaariga mucjiso ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inta lagu guda jiro hawlgalka la ogaaday khasaaro weyn, taas oo ugu dambeyntii keentay in bixitaanka ee mashiinka ka-soo-saarka ah.

Dhibaatada ugu weyn ee baska cusub

dhibaato oo dhan zis-154 ahaa engine ah. Waxa intaa dheer in isticmaalka shidaalka sare, YAZ-204D ahaa mid aad u qeylo badan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa uu naxariis darro ah chadil qiiqa madow. Laakiin xataa in uu ahaa kan ugu daran. Marmar baska naaftada, waxay yidhaahdaan, "tegey oo wuxuu galay labiska," in uu yahay iyaga u gaar ah iyo dhuujinayso kordhay dardar. line shidaalka si ay u joojiyaan, darawalka laga gooyay waa lagama maarmaan. Oo haddii aad ku xusuusatid in engine ahaa ee gadaalka dambe ee mashiinka, runtii waxay ahayd dhibaato halis ah.

"Kala" waxa uu noqday karbaashidda dhab ah zis-154. Xitaa on tilmaamaha howlgal ammaan baska darawalka si ay u joojiyaan baska jiray ee la baray inay gacanta oo kala jejebiyey cagta. markaas inuu ka codsaday kaari ama qaar ka mid ah rakaab ah ku sii Fariin xoog, iyo in ay si degdeg ah u jiheysan qol engine iyo ka fur biibiile shidaalka, oon kala go'do sahayda shidaalka si injectors engine ah. Xalliyo dhibaatada this at warshadda kari waayeen, ma maxaa yeelay, ma si sax ah u ogaadaan sababta asalka u ah ifafaale ah.

Sidaa darteed, mar hore 1950, in uu yahay saddex sano ka dib bilowgii wax soo saarka, wax soo saarka taxane ah zis-154 ayaa waxaa gabi ahaanba joojinayaa baxay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inta lagu guda jiro waqti in warshadda ayaa sii daayay 1165 "mucjiso-bus", kaas oo beeraha baska si ay isu takhaluso by jillaab ama by laabka. Dabcan, baska inkastoo uu ahaa hal-abuurka ah oo ay mar, laakiin waxa aad u nasiib-darro ah, oo sidaas daraaddeed ma helin horumar dheeraad ah.