Wehliyaha of qiime khilaaf iyo diidanaa

In xaaladaha dhulkuna wax jidhka dhaqaaqin (ama soo socda in mooshin) oo xiriir la leh deegaanka ku xeeran ama walax la hay'adaha kale. Xaaladdan oo kale, ciidamada kici in ay bixiyaan iska caabin ah si ay dhaqdhaqaaqa. Ciidamada waxaa lagu magacaabaa ciidamada khilaaf ay qayb ka mid ah lagu wareejiyo tamarta si farsamaysan ee mooshinka galay tamarta gudaha, kaas oo la Ulasocto meydadka kululaynta iyo deegaanka.

Khilaaf waa dibadda iyo gudaha. Gudaha (haddii kale loo yaqaan nafwaayay) waa dhacdo ee ciidamada tangential dhexeeya dhaqaaqin lakabka dareere ama gaaska in ka hortagtaa dhaqdhaqaaqa this.

Taas bedelkeeda, khilaaf dibadda dhacdaa xiriir ah ee adkaha ah ee foomka of xoog tangential dusha iyo inay qabaan dhaqdhaqaaqa labada dhinac. Waxaa, markeeda, waxaa loo qaybiyaa guurto ah (khilaaf guurto ah) iyo kinematic. khilaaf guurto muuqataa marka aad isku daydo in ay u guuraan qaraabo jidh keliya in ay taagan kale. Kinematic jira ee u dhexeeya dhaqaaqin jidhkooda, in xiriir kasta oo kale. khilaaf dibadda loo qaybin karaa khilaaf rogid iyo saraysa.

Waa maxay macnaha jirka ah ee khilaaf? Waa waxtar leh ama waxyeello? Ugu jaleecada hore, khilaaf kaliya ee ka hortagtaa noo xirto qaybaha mishiinka, taayirada baabuurta, calaacalaha kabaha waxaa la tirtirayaa, iwm Oo sameynta .. mooshin Perpetual kaliya suurtogal ma aha sabab this. Laakiin si dhow ula eegto si dhow ula. Khilaaf baaba'aan - aan innaba socon karin buug flipping ama jiid iska gaariga ama joojin dhaqaaqin. Tiro weyn ee ifafaale jirka ee dunida ku salaysan yahay khilaaf. Labada guulaha ugu weyn binu-aadmiga oo in qaabeeya horumarinta ilbaxnimada - saarka dab iyo war abuurashadoodii ee aan giraangirta - waxay noqon lahayd wax aan macquul aheyn waxa aan.

Tani waxay ifafaale waxay ku salaysan tahay khaladaad ah meydadka kasta, mid ka mid uruursanayey xiriir mar walba ugu cuslaataan roughness dusha kale ah. Waayo, ku qumman sagxadaha (tus, si taxadar leh safeeyey) si adag u xidh ku xiga si uu midba midka kale, sharciyada khilaaf kelli ku salaysan jiidashada labada dhinac ee u taagoo ee.

Waxbarashada tribology khilaaf sayniska. In 1781, jirka dadka Faransiis C. Coulomb diyaariyey shuruucda aasaasiga ah ee khilaaf qalalan. Siman, cilmi lagu ogaaday in ciidanka khilaaf yahay F ah, dhaca inta lagu jiro kala saraysa, waa si toos ah saamiyeed si xoog ah ku simaha on jirka ah N cadaadiska caadiga ah. Xiriirka Tani waa sida soo socota:

N: F = k ∙ N;

halkaas oo k tirada - Wehliyaha khilaaf (Wehliyaha saami). Its qiimaha waxaa loo xisaabiyaa sida soo socota: jirka waxaa la dhigayaa on diyaarad dhiiran iyo garkooda u gaadhin mooshin direyska. Xaaladdan oo kale, ciidamada khilaaf ka F waa loo siman yahay si ay ciidamada wadista ee P:

F = P ∙ dembi,

Ciidamada N (force cadaadiska caadiga ah) waa loo siman yahay si P ∙ sababtoo ah; sidaas awgeed k = tg ah. Wehliyaha ee khilaaf halkan waa Taabte ee xagal rabitaan dusha sare ee jirka slide ee isku, E. Marka xawaare joogto ah ie..

In dhaqanka, miraheeda loo xisaabin karaa qiyaas ahaan oo kaliya. dusha sare ee jidhka, inta badan ee ka mid ah degree ama mid kale wasakhaysan yihiin oxides, miridhku iyo nijaasta kale. Wehliyaha khilaaf qastiyey isku pairwise qalabka kala duwan by tijaabo, waxaa soo bandhigay galay loox tixraac gaar ah.

Diidanaa in khilaaf afkoda ka xaqiiqda ah in wheel dhaqaaq wax yar tuujiyey oogada waddada, ie. E. Waxay leedahay in ay ka gudbaan hillock yar. The adag wadada, ka yar bararto iyo ciidamada khilaaf yar. Its qiimaha loo xisaabiyaa ay dhacdo in this by formula ah: F = k ∙ N / r, taas oo r - qiimaha gacan giraangirta. Sidaas awgeed, Wehliyaha ah khilaaf rogid leedahay aragti dherer ah. Sida caadiga ah waxaa lagu muujiyay in sentimitir sida soo horjeeda Wehliyaha ka saraysa khilaaf, kaas oo ah tiro dimensionless.

Sida kor ku xusan, Wehliyaha ah khilaaf gudaha ka jira ma aha oo kaliya in ay adag, laakiin sidoo kale si dareere. hydraulics waxaa inta badan loo baahan yahay si ay u xisaabiso khasaaraha tamarta gaar ah oo ku saabsan nidaamyada Haydarooliga timi in dhuumaha ah. Waxay ka mid yihiin laba nooc: khasaaro on keenay dhererka in tuubooyinka toos ah la socodka uniform, iyo khasaaro maxaliga ah ay sabab u tahay - lahayo ku socodka ay sabab u tahay isbeddel ah ee qaab channel (xanuunka foosha, fidinta, wareeg). khasaaraha Haydarooliga waxa loo xisaabinayaa isticmaalaya qiime isku mid, taas oo la odhan jiray "Wehliyaha of khilaaf Haydarooliga".