Ganacsiga, Maamulka
Wax soo saarka caatada ah iyo qalab ay. saarka caatada ah - waa ...
Production caatada ah - shirkadda waa wareeg ah ay gacanta ku gaar ah. Fikradda asaasiga ahi waa dadaal joogto ah si loo baabi'iyo dhammaan noocyada kharashyada. wax soo saarka caatada ah - fikradda ah taasi oo ka tarjumaysa ka qaybgalka geeddi-socodka ah ee ayna shaqaale kasta. nidaamka waxaa loogu talagalay orientation ugu badan dhinaca macaamilka. Tixgeli si faahfaahsan waxa nidaamka ku tiirsado.
Taariikhda dhacdo
Hirgelinta saarka caatada ah in industry ee ka dhacay 1950 ee Corporation Toyota ah. Abuuraha reer nidaamka sida ay gacanta u noqday Tayiti Oonoo. kaalin weyn horumarinta dheeraad ah oo aragti iyo hawlgelin labadaba, soo bandhigay saaxiibkiisa - Shigeo Shingo, kuwaas oo, iyo waxyaabo kale, u abuuray si ay u changeovers dhakhso ah. Ka dibna, khubarada Maraykanka baaro nidaamka iyo conceptualized u bixiyey saarka caatada ah (wax soo saarka caatada ah) - "wax soo saarka caatada ah". Marka ugu horeysa, fikradda la adeegsaday suuqa baabuurta. muddo ka dib, nidaamka la waafajiyaa nidaamka iyo wax soo saarka. Ka dibna waxa qalab ee wax soo saarka caatada ah ee steel loo isticmaalo daryeelka caafimaadka, korontada, adeegyada, ganacsiga, ciidamada, waaxda maamulka dadweynaha iyo warshadaha kale.
dhinacyada ugu muhiimsan ee
ganacsi caatada ah waxay ku lug leedahay falanqaynta ee qiimaha sheyga, kaasoo lagu soo saaro waayo user dhamaadka, marxalad kasta oo ka mid ah Abuuridda. Ujeedada ugu weyn ee fikirka in formation of Nicmada geedi socod joogto ah si loo baabi'iyo kharashka. In si kale loo dhigo, wax soo saarka caatada ah - waa tirtiridda tallaabo kasta oo ay sabab u tahay taas oo khayraadka ku baabba'nay, laakiin natiijada ma abuuraan qiime kasta user dhamaadka. Tusaale ahaan, muhiim ma ahan in ay wax soo saarka dhamaystirtay ama qaybaha ay tahay in stock. In nidaamka dhaqanka, kharashka oo dhan ee la xidhiidha guurka, beddelid, kaydinta, iyo kuwa kale ee aan tooska ahayn waxaa lagu maray in ay macaamiisha. saarka caatada ah - jaantus ku saabsan oo dhan hawlaha shirkadda waxa loo kala qaybiyaa geedi socodka iyo hawlaha in dar oo aan qiimo u sheyga. Hawsha ugu weyn, sidaas darteed, dooda hoos u nidaamsan doonana.
wax soo saarka caatada ah: khasaaro
Sida dhigmaa kharashka mararka qaarkood ereyga waxaa loo isticmaalaa muda. Aragtidani waxa loola jeedaa kharashka kala duwan, qashinka, qashinka, iyo wixii la mid ah. Tayiti Oonoo aqoonsaday toddoba nooc oo ah kharashka. Khasaaraha loo sameeyay ay sabab u tahay:
- laga filayo,
- overproduction;
- gaadiidka;
- tallaabooyinka processing dheeraad ah;
- dhaqdhaqaaqa aan loo baahnayn;
- arrinta soo saarka haleysan yahay;
- kaydka xad-dhaaf ah.
nooca ugu weyn ee khasaaraha Tayiti Oonoo rumeysan overproduction. Waa arrin siinta asaasmeen inta kale ee kharashka. item kale ayaa lagu daray liiska kor ku xusan. Dzheffri Layker, ayaa ku hawlan-aragnimo cilmi Toyota, tilmaamay khasaaraha ka mid ah shaqaalaha ka iman kara xaqiiqsan. Sida ilo kharashka wac dollar awoodda, shaqaalaha hawlaha la xoojinta sare, iyo sidoo kale nonuniformity hawlgallada waxqabadka (tus, jadwalka go'aysa sabab u degidda baahida).
mabaadi'da
wax soo saarka caatada ah la soo bandhigay oo ah geedi socod qaybsan shan marxaladood:
- Go'aaminta qiimaha wax soo saarka gaar ah.
- Dhismaha durdur qiimaha alaabta ku.
- Bixinta durdur socodka joogtada ah.
- Bixi macaamiisha iyada oo suurtagal ah ee jiidaya sheyga.
- raacdada The heer sare.
Ka mid ah mabaadiida kale, kaas oo wax soo saarka caatada ah, waa in la iftiimiyay:
- In la gaaro Excellence - bixinta badeecadaha ka soo bandhigidda ugu horeysay, isticmaalka qorsheyaasha ah "eber cilladaha", garashada iyo xalinta dhibaatooyinka ku jira marxaladaha ugu horreeya ee ay dhacdo.
- Aasaasidda dhexgalka muddo dheer la macaamilka qeybi macluumaad, kharashka iyo khataraha.
- Dabacsanaan.
Nidaamka wax soo saarka loo isticmaalo Toyota, wuxuu ku salaysan yahay laba qodob: autonomism iyo "oo kaliya in waqti". Taas macnaheedu waa in dhammaan waxyaabaha lagama maarmaanka u ah shirka yimaadaan line waqti xaadirkaan saxda ah marka waxaa lagama maarmaan ah, si adag u qeexay hanaanka gaar ah oo lagu yareeyo xaddiga stock bakhaarka.
xubno dastuurka The
In qaabka guud ee fikirkan iftiimiyay in qaybaha kala duwan - hababka caatada ah. Qaar ka mid ah naftooda u dhaqmi karaan sida circuit gacanta ah. Xubnihii ugu weyn waa sida soo socota:
- durdur The alaabta shakhsiga.
- qalabka daryeelka Wadaago.
- nidaamka 5S.
- Kaizen.
- beddelka Quick.
- Nacaabuda Hortagga.
fursadaha warshadaha
caafimaadka caatada ah waa fikradda ah yaraynta waqtiga shaqaalaha caafimaadka, aan si toos ah oo la xidhiidha caawinta dadka. logistics caatada ah waa qorshe la jiido oo isu keentaa oo dhan qeybiyeyaasha ku lug durdur qiimaha a. In nidaamka this, waxaa jira badalkooda a qayb ka mid ah kaydka in qiyaasta yaryar. bartilmaameedka ugu weyn ee circuit this dhaqmo qiimaha wadar ahaan labada lug lahaayeen habkii. Tools of saarka caatada ah waxaa loo isticmaalaa xafiiska boostada ee Denmark. fikradda ah jaango'an oo baaxad weyn oo ka mid ah adeegyada gudahood lagu qaaday. Ujeedooyinka dhacdo waa kororka wax soo saarka, xawaaraha ee shixnadaha. "Formation Card-line of qiyamka" ayaa lagu soo bandhigay adeegyada gacanta iyo aqoonsiga. Sidoo kale oo la fuliyay markii danbe ku dhiiri galinta nidaamka xafiiska shaqaalaha. Dhismaha sameeyay istaraatijiyad gaar ah diiradda lagu saaray horumarinta tayada shaqo ee habka of dhismaha xarumaha marxaladaha oo dhan. Mabaadi'da Production baruurta ayaa loogu talo galay horumarinta software. In magaalada, maamulka dadweynaha ayaa sidoo kale waxa uu adeegsanayaa waxyaalaha aasaaska ah ee nidaamka this.
kaizen
Fikradda waxaa qaabeeyey in 1950 by Dr. gaabiyo. Hirgelinta mabda'a this ayaa keenay macaash weyn shirkadaha dalka Japan. Waayo, ku takhasusay this waxaa la gudoonsiiyey bilad ka gooyo. markii qaar ka mid ah ka dib, Midowga Sayniska iyo Technology ee Japan ayaa ku dhawaaqay in abaalmarinta iyaga ha u ahaatee. Gaabiyo loo tayada alaabta warshadaysan.
Faa'iidooyinka kaizen filosifii
Faa'iidooyinka Nidaamkan ayaa la qiimeeyaa qaybta kasta warshadaha, halkaas oo xaalado ah ayaa la abuuray si ay u hubiyaan tayada sareeya iyo waxqabadka. Kaizen waxaa loo arkaa falsafad Japan. Waa in si isbedel joogto ah. dugsiga ee kaizen fikirka sheegay in fal diinta joogto ah sida waddada kaliya ee horumar. nidaamka ugu weyn ee The diiradda ka dhigaysa in ay kordhiyaan wax soo saarka by baabi'inta shaqo aan loo baahnayn oo adag. Qeexidda aad u abuuray by isku labada erayada "kai" - "beddelka" ( "badalo"), iyo "Zen" - "dhinaca fiican ah." Faa'iidooyinka nidaamka ka tarjumaysaa cad guusha dhaqaalaha dalka Japan. Waxaa la aqoonsan yahay ma aha oo kaliya by Japanese ah naftooda, laakiin sidoo kale khubarada dunida oo dhan.
Ujeeddooyinka fikradda Kaizen
Waxaa jira shan qaybood oo muhiim ah in ku xiran yihiin horumarinta wax soo saarka. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah:
- dhimista qashinka.
- dhib degdeg ah.
- isticmaalka aan fiicnayn.
- Wadashaqayn.
- ugu tayada sareeya.
Waa in la sheegay in inta badan mabaadi'da ku salaysan dareen caadi ah. Tiirarka ugu muhiimsan ee nidaamka jira horumar ah ee tayada wax soo saarka, geeddi-socodka lagu keeno shaqaale kasta, iyo rabitaan ee ficil in la beddelo. hawlaha kuwaas oo dhammu waxay uma baahna xisaabta adag iyo habab cilmi sayniska.
Yaraynta qashinka
falsafad Mabaadi'da kaizen loogu talagalay hoos u muhiim ah in khasaaraha tallaabo (habka hawlgalka) kasta. Mid ka mid ah faa'iidooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee nidaamka waxaa loo arkaa inay xaqiiqda ah in waxa ka mid ah qof kasta oo shaqaale. Tani, markeeda, oo ku lug leh horumarinta iyo fulinta xiga ee soo jeedinta in la hagaajiyo at kasta oo heer oo dawladda ah. shaqada Tani waxay ka caawisaa si loo yareeyo khasaaraha khayraadka.
dhib degdeg ah
Shaqaale kasta sida waafaqsan fikirka ah kaizen waa inay ka hortagaan dhibaatooyinka. dhaqanka Tani waxay ka caawisaa in ay si deg deg ah wax looga qabto arrimaha. Marka waqti wareegga dhib aan degdeg loogu kordhay. Xalka degdeg ah dhibaatooyinka kuu ogolaanaya in aad in uu hago hawlaha dhinaca wax ku ool ah.
isitcmaalo
Iyadoo khayraadka xalinta dhibaatooyinka degdeg ah lagu sii daayo. Waxay waxaa loo isticmaali karaa si loo hagaajiyo loona gaaro himilooyinka kale. Si wadajir ah, qiyaastaas oo u ogolaan in la dhiso nidaam socda ee wax soo saarka hufan.
Wadashaqayn
Soo jiidashada in dhibaatooyinka shaqaalaha oo dhan kuu ogolaanaya in aad si aad u ogaato si deg deg ah. Success in dhibaatooyin gudbo xoojisaa ruuxa iyo kordhisaa isku-kalsoonida shaqaalaha. Wadashaqayn tiraa colaadaha, kor u formation of xiriir aaminaad u dhexeeya waalidka iyo shaqaalaha hoose ah.
tayo fiican
Rapid iyo wax ku ool ah xalinta dhibaatada kor u shaqo isku dubaridan oo ka mid ah kooxda, abuurista xaddi weyn oo khayraadka. Tani, markeeda, kor u qaadi doontaa tayada alaabooyinka. All this ogolaan doonaa in shirkadda si ay u gaaraan heerka cusub ee awooda.
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