Qoondaynta oo ah nidaamka qalliinka

Basis of software PC - nidaamka qalliinka, taas oo ah set oo ah qaybaha adeegga iyo nidaamka software in ay bixiyaan dhexgalka aadanaha-computer iyo fulinta barnaamijyada kale. Dhinaca mid, waxaa si dhow lala software computer aasaasiga ah, waxaa ka mid ahaa in BIOS ah, laakiin waxay u dhaqmo sida taageero ah barnaamijyada ee heer sare - codsiga, iyo sidoo kale inta badan codsiyada. Si aad u shaqeeyaan falalka computer sida shuruud u ah jiritaanka nidaamka qalliinka on disk adag. Marka qalabka la akhriyo ka disk adag oo qoraal ah RAM ah, habka this waxaa la yiraahdaa soo degsado. Sababo la xaqiiqada ah in hadda waxaa jira nidaamyo badan oo kala duwan looga dan leeyahay in lagu xaliyo ujeeddooyin gaar ah oo caadi ah, waa wax caadi ah in uu jiro kala soocidda ka mid ah nidaamyada hawlgalka. Aan ku siin, foomka soo koobay.

Qoondaynta oo ah nidaamyada hawlgalka waxay ku xiran tahay fulinta gaar ah oo ka mid ah isticmaalka algorithms gacanta iyo agabyada kombuyuutarka. Iyada oo ku xidhan geynta gacanta processor la kala qaybsanyihiin karaa nidaamyada hawlgalka on-hal duruufaha iyo multi-duruufaha, multi-processor iyo-hal processor, hal-user iyo multi-user, network iyo kuwa maxalliga ah.

Qoondaynta oo ah nidaamyada hawlgalka on tirada hawlaha isku mar socda:-hal duruufaha iyo multi-duruufaha. nidaamka Single-duruufaha isticmaalaya file a waxaa loola jeedaa gacanta, gacanta aaladaha durugsan, iyo hab isku, iyo dadka isticmaala. Waayo, nidaamka multi-duruufaha lagu gartaa isticmaalka qalabka la mid ah sida loogu talagalay hal hawl, laakiin waqti isku mid ah waxay u ordaan sida horyaalka, khayraadka la wadaago, xusuusta, processor, xorroyad iyo files.

Noocyada ee nidaamyada hawlgalka meelaha isticmaalka multitasking: processing xogta in hab Dufcaddii, nidaamyada-waqtiga dhabta ah iyo qeybinta mar. Ujeedada ugu weyn ee nidaamka processing Dufcaddii waa hawlaha aan u baahnayn natiijooyin degdeg ah. Ay ujeedada ugu weyn waa si ay u xalliyaan tirada ugu badan ee hawlaha halkii mar unit ama ugu bandwidth. Nidaamka noocan oo kale ah u oggolaadaan in la gaaro waxqabadka sare ka qabashada xaddi badan oo dhibaato, laakiin waxay hoos u dhigi oolnimada of user ah in hab is-dhexgal. nidaamka Timesharing shanqarta taako waqti yar hawl kasta, sidaa darteed ma jiro mid ka mid ah hawl waqti dheer ma qaadan processor ah. Iyadoo waqtiga ugu yar ee la doortay a abuuri kartaa muuqaalka kore ee fulinta isway-tiro ka mid ah dhibaatooyinka. By hoos bandwidth, nidaamyada sida ogolaan user in ay aad u wax ku ool ah ka shaqeeyaan hab la wada qabanayo. Hab kontaroolo-waqtiga dhabta ah ee loo isticmaalo shay farsamo ama nidaamka.

Qoondaynta oo ah nidaamyada hawlgalka on tirada dadka isticmaalaya waafaqsan: kala duwan oo hal ciyaaryahan. In multiplayer, user kasta uu leeyahay awood u leh inay Customize naftaada nidaamka interface, ie ay fursad u leeyihiin in ay abuuraan sumadaha caadadii kuu gaar ah, nidaamka midab shakhsi iyo wixii la mid ah. In nidaamka sida, waxaa jira hab ah ilaalinta macluumaadka ka helaan dadka isticmaala kale.

Joogitaanka nidaamka loola jeedaa a multiprocessor processing macluumaad waa dabeecadda muhiim ah, hab sida waxaa lagu muujiyey in Net Ware, OS / 2, Widows NT.

Tan iyo markii aan u bartayba isticmaalaan nidaamka Windows ah, ka dibna aad ka welwelin karo oo ku saabsan waa ay kala soocidda. Sayidka, ee Windows nidaamka ka hawlgala ugu weyn, taas oo loo isticmaalay leeyihiin dadka isticmaala caadiga ah, Windows ah 95, 98, NT, XP, Toddoba.