Waa maxay mashruuca. Qeexid mashruuca, calaamadaha iyo astaamaha

hab ku dhisan mashruucyo in lagu gaarayo ujeedooyinka ay awood:

1) Isku muhiim ah ujeedooyinka shirkadda, liibaan kuwaas oo suurto gal ah in mustaqbalka dhow.

2) qorshe waxtar u leh qoondaynta khayraadka.

3) Isku duwidda falalka agaasimayaasha iyo qaab.

Waa maxay mashruuca? qeexidda

Erayga "mashruuca» (projectus) ka Latin tarjumayaa "aad u fiican, ferjiga Weeraryahanka gadaal loo celin karo". Oo haddii aad dib u ciyaari eraygii in ereyada ee Oxford, waxaan ka heli: "bilow fiican loo qorsheeyay ganacsiga, shakhsi abuuray by shirkad ama shaqada si wadajir ah loo baahan yahay si loo gaaro ujeeddooyin gaar ah." Hadii aad ku soo jawaabta su'aashan si faahfaahsan, ka dibna mashruuca - waa:

• Ololaha (ama liiska falalka isku xigta), iyada oo loo marayo taas oo dhibaatada lagu xallin doonaa su'aalo qaar ka mid ah ama ay fuliyeen fikrad cajiib ah,

• mid ama ka badan hawlaha hal mar, iyada oo aan taas oo mashruuca ku adkaan doonta, iyo qeexidda ujeeddooyinka asaasiga ah;

• shaqo ku meel gaar ah in lagu sameeyo hab wakhti la hawshooda u ah ee xaddi gaar ah oo soo gelaya,

• kiiska, dhamaystirka taas oo u dhiganta helitaanka natiijada la rabay;

• waqti xadidan iyo khayraadka, set oo ah dadaal ama dhacdo si ay u helaan meel u dhow bartilmaameedka (shuqulka oo dhan lagu fuliyay by si gaar ah u abuuray hawlaha urur sida);

• Liiska dhacdooyinka wakhtigiisa, hirgelinta taasoo keeni doonta in guusha natiijada hal saxda ah; Sida caadiga ah, tallaabooyin kuwan waxaa loogu talagalay isbedel tayo ama horumarka ah ee badeecada cusub (adeega);

• popularization iyo qaabka fikrado dhowr ah oo qeexaya ujeedooyinka mashruuca in ay yihiin qayb ka mid ah mashruuca weyn ee, hirgelinta wadajir ah qorshayaasha waxqabad ee kala duwan (hawlaha);

• design hawlgallada isku xigta, hirgelinta oo gaari doonaan qaar ka mid ah natiijada oo muddo dheer;

• account faahfaahsan oo ka mid ah hawlaha la qorsheeyay muddo gaar ah oo ku hoos jira xaalad gaar ah, ujeedada taas oo - in la beddelo xaaladda mustaqbalka;

• dhacdo u baahan diyaarinta qorshe faahfaahsan iyo bixinta taxane ah oo loogu talagalay hawlaha isbedel xagjirka ah ee xaaladda hadda jira,

• riyoon for farsamo by kaas oo lagu xaqiijin karaa in mustaqbalka, raaceen by taxay halkan isticmaalaya fikradaha is;

• waxbarasho ee mawduuca xiiso jooga aawadood oo ah barbaro qorshe hawleed mustaqbalka.

By noocyada mashaariicda noqon kartaa shakhsi ahaaneed (tusaale ahaan, horumarinta website shakhsi) ama in la horumariyo, bulshada ciidamada in la beddelo (mararka qaarkood - ka baxsan aqoonsiga).

muuqaalada

Mashruucu wuxuu, taas oo ah aqoonsi gaar ah, loo yaqaan abuurnimo ama cibaaro. Oo haddii aadan yeelan doonaan in ay soo celiyaan fulinta (ama aadan u baahnayn in la abid ka hadlay) mar kasta oo ka mid ah mashruuca mustaqbalka dhow, waxa la yidhaahdaa waa hal-off.

Haddii natiijada dhamaadka waa in la helaa in wakhti loo dejiyay, sidaas daraaddeed, feature a kala duwan ee mashruuca - xadka waqtiga. Oo markii ay u fuliyaan mashruuca ee nolosha u baahan tahay ka qaybgalka khubaro ka beeraha kala duwan, qeexidda mashruuca karo "ku haboon" hadal keliya - Interdisciplinarity.

khatarta

Khataraha iyo kakanaanta ee design iyo maaraynta mashruuca kac ugu horayn ay dhacdo in dhibaato noocan oo aan xallin. Riskiness mashruuca ay ku xidhan tahay in ay baaxadda iyo qalabka fulinta (helitaanka qalabka lagama maarmaanka ah, qalab iyo qalabka). khatarta badan ayaa, tusaale ahaan, waxbay ushafeeci idanka mashruuc maalgelin ah, qeexidda ilo aan noqon kartaa iyada oo aan aqoon loo baahan yahay.

Maalgelinta mashaariicda maalgashi

maalgelinta qoyska ama is-maalgelinta waxaa lagu fuliyaa at kharashka shirkadda - aasaasaha mashruuca iyo siinayaa kharashka lacagta shakhsi ah saamileyda. Sidoo kale ma aha meesha ka saaray suurtagalnimada isticmaalka faa'iido ah saafiga ah ee shirkada, iyo sidoo kale ku darsaday marinka, iyadoo dhismaha magaalada si adag loo beegsaday. Noocan ah maalgelinta waa suuragal ah keliya haddii mashruuca yar.

Qeexid ee mashruuca, ee dibadda laga maalgeliyo:

1) maalgelinta Dibadda waxaa laga yaabaa in kharash ku ah gobolka, dhaqaalaha iyo non-dhaqaale shirkadaha, dadka, maal-gashadayaasha ajnabiga ah iyo lacagaha kale ee asturidda Aasaasayaasha ah.

2) Iskudarka iyo saamiyada.

3) bangiyada Investment oo dhaaraheedii ay credit.

yareysey arrimood

mashruuc kasta wuxuu ka kooban yahay saddex arrimood oo yareysey:

• Period. Si aad si fiican u xisaabi muddada mashruuca, farsamo dhibaato u qaybsan yahay blocks dhismaha, ka dibna la qiimeeyo "podomnost 'baaxadda shaqada iyo barbardhig natiijooyinkooda la-aragnimo ah ee horumarinta guul.
• Resources. Tusaale ahaan, khayraadka aadanaha, maamulka shaqaalaha, qeexidda shaqada mashruuca isticmaalaya hibadooda iyo kartidooda.
• Result. Qaybaha of this item waa sida soo socota: meelmar ah dhaqaale, suuq-xirfad leh, kharashka-oolnimada, maamulaha mashruuca iyo qaab xirfadeed.

barnaamijka design

Fiirsaneysa inay shaqada ee urur kasta waa had iyo jeer suurto gal ah in la ogaado laba kala duwanaansho muhiim ah oo hawlihiisa, hadda jira waqti isku mid ah:

• waxa loogu yeero "caadiga ah" iyo hawlgal soo noqnoqda ama macaamil ganacsi;

• mashaariicda.

Faraqa ugu weyn ee u dhaxeeya labadan nooc ee hawlaha - dabeecadda meerto ah hababka soo noqnoqda, oo hoos jooge qorshaha tallaabo la taaban karo loogu talagalay gaaro natiijo gaar ah.

Tusaale ahaan, in wax soo saarka, soo saara baabuurta, conveyors dukaan shaqada, xisaabinta xisaabaadka iyo processing ee waraaqaha la xiriira hawlaha soo noqnoqda. xawaalad soo noqnoqda waxaa lagu gartaa degree si caddaalad ah oo muhiim ah si yaqiin ah, oo u baahan in hab nidaamsan, kaas oo ujeedadiisu tahay - si loo kordhiyo tayada shaqo-soo-saarka ee qalabka iyo dhismayaasha jira.

Qeexid mashruuca diiradda on hirgelinta wax isbedel gudaha ama dibadda, waa, tusaale ahaan, in la abuuro of beddelka cusub, qalabyada conveyors ama hordhaca ah ee nidaamka cusub ee iswada. isbedel Dibadda waxaa laga yaabaa in la xidhiidhaan olole suuq, kordhinta hawlaha ururka, isbeddel ah ee xiriirka suuqa. Waxaa suurto gal ah, gaar ahaan, la soco ah kala duwanaansho soo socda:

• Mashaariicda formation Coordination (habeynta shirkadu, hal-abuurka iyo wixii la mid ah);

• mashaariicda dhismaha ganacsiga (horumarinta cilmi-baarista, soo-saarka ee alaabta cusub, formation of isbeddellada horusocod ah, helitaanka suuqyada hore oo aan la garaneyn);

• mashaariicda dhismaha (raacidda) kaabayaasha (dayactirka la qorsheeyey, bedelka qalab iyo wixii la mid ah);

• qorshaha ganacsiga fuliyo qandaraas ah (ay bixiyaan wax soo saarka asalka ah ama xurmo, dhismaha, haya'ad adeegga asalka ah).

Liiskaan la sii wadi Karin, haddii aad u biiriyo tusaalooyin meelo kala duwan warshadaha leh farqi weyn oo baaxadda shaqada, waqtiyada, tirada shaqaalaha iyo muhiimadda ay natiijada.

Focus on natiijada helitaanka

Ujeedada mashruuc kasta - helitaanka natiijada gaar ah, oo la, gaadho hadafka. Ujeedada gaarka ah - in uu yahay ciidanka wadista ka dambeeya mashruuca.

Qeexid mashruuca ku lug leedahay fulinta hawlaha isku xidhan. Mashaariicda loogu talagalay gaadho hadafka, cilmiga la siiyey dareen qoto dheer gudaha looga baahan yahay in ay fulinta. feature ugu muhiimsan ee maamulka mashruuca - sax in go'aan iyo samaynta of gool, laga bilaabo heerka ugu sareeya iyo dhamaanayey dejinta faahfaahsan oo ka mid ah ujeedooyinka yar oo muhiim ah.

Intaa waxaa dheer, mashruuca waxaa lagu arki karaa sida talaabo talaabo si ay u gaaraan hawlaha fudud aad si cad u qeexan, oo ay kor u qaadida - sida loo gaaro himilooyinka weyn. Mashruucan ayaa waxaa loo arkaa dhamaystiran oo keliya ka dib markii ay gaarto yoolka kama dambaysta.

Waa maxay hawleed mashaariic

Portfolio (Portfolio) - a collection of mashruuc (barnaamij), la midoobin mid Ujeedada: in la sameeyo gacanta raaxo badan iyo guul. mashaariicda la goostay in faylalka tacliimeed waa la isku xidhan karaan, ujeedada guud ma wadareed oo ka jira madax banaan.