Waa maxay carbon monoxide? Qaab dhismeedka kelli

carbon monoxide, sidoo kale loo yaqaan carbon monoxide, ayaa qaab aad u xoog badan kelli, waa inert in guryaha kiimikada iyo waa liidata L. biyo. Xarunta Tani waxay sidoo kale waa mid aad u sun ah marka lagu sii daayo nidaamka neef-xiran ee unugga dhiigga, iyo in uu joogsanayo oxygen kala iibsiga unugyada iyo xubnaha.

Magaca Kiimikada iyo formula

Carbon monoxide waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan magacyo kale, oo ay ku jiraan carbon monoxide II. In nolol maalmeedka, waxaa sida caadiga ah loo yaqaan carbon monoxide. carbon monoxide Tani waa gaas sun ah, midab iyo dhadhan beesho, ur. Its formula kiimikada - CO, iyo mass ee hal Britain uu yahay 28,01 g / mol.

Saamaynta ay jidhka

Carbon monoxide xidhana in hemoglobin si ay u sameeyaan carboxyhemoglobin taas oo aan la oxygen waday awooda. Neefsasho ah uumiga keena dhaawac habdhiska dhimirka (habka dhexe neerfaha), iyo neef. la'aanta keentay of ogsijiin sababa madax xanuun, wareer, hoos u garaaca wadnaha iyo heerka neefsashada, taasoo keentay in dhimasho miyir iyo kuwa ku xiga ee u shaqeeyo.

gaas sun ah

Carbon monoxide waxaa soo saaray sari qayb ka mid ah walxaha ka kooban carbon, sida matoorada sari gudaha. Xarunta 1 ka mid ah la eb carbon ah covalently ku xidhan tahay mid la eb oxygen. Carbon monoxide waa heer sare ah sun ah, waana mid ka mid ah sababaha ugu badan ee lagu sumoobo dilaa ah caalamka oo dhan. Gaadhista keeni kara in dhaawac wadnaha iyo xubnaha kale.

Waa maxay isticmaalka carbon monoxide?

In kasta oo ay sumoobo daran, carbon monoxide waa mid aad u faa'iido badan - si technology casriga ah waxaa ka mid ah in la abuuro kala duwan oo dhan wax soo saarka muhiim mahad. Carbon monoxide inkastoo maanta waxaa loo arkaa ay suntu jirka ah mar walba jooga ee dabiiciga ah, laakiin ma aha in qadar sida, tusaale ahaan, carbon dioxide.

Qaldo kuwa rumeeyey in uu jiro wax xiriir ah carbon monoxide ee dabiiciga ah. CO kala diri ee dhagaxa la shubay Kobenhagen ee cadaadiska sare ee go'iisii dhulka ee. content ee oxides carbon in gaasaska Kobenhagen kala duwan ka yar 0.01% ilaa 2%, taas oo ku xidhan volcano ah. Tan iyo markii dabiiciga ah xarunta tani ma aha qiimaha joogto ah, si sax ah u cabbira ee gaaska dabiiciga ah suurtogal ma aha.

kiimikaad

Carbon monoxide (formula CO) la xidhiidha nesoleobrazuyuschim ama oxides la taag daran. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, heerkulka a of +200 ^o C u sameynayso la hydroxide sodium. Inta lagu guda jiro this habka kiimikaad waa formation of formate sodium:

NaOH + CO = HCOONa (cusbo acid formic).

Guryaha ee carbon monoxide ku salaysan ay adkeysiga. Carbon Monoxide:

• la jawaabay karaa oxygen: 2CO + O ₂ = 2CO _2;
• oo awood u leh ficil la halogens: CO + cl ₂ = COCl ₂ (fosjiin);
• Waxay leedahay hantida gaarka ah si ay u soo kabsadaan Biraha daahir ka oxides ay: Fe ₂ O ₃ + 3CO = 2Fe + 3CO _2;
• xirrira carbonyls biraha: Fe + 5CO = Fe (CO ) _5;
• dhammaataan L. in chloroform, acetic acid, ethanol, benzene iyo hydroxide ammonium.

Dhismaha Britain ee

Laba atamka kuwaas oo, dhab ahaantii, waa Britain ah carbon monoxide (CO), lala bond xaafuun. Laba ka mid ah waxaa la aasaasay by biirtay p-electrons of atamka carbon la oxygen, iyo kii saddexaad - in ay hab gaar ah ugu mahad sabab u 2p carbon free orbital iyo-electron 2p lammaane oo ogsijiin. Qaab dhismeedka waxay bixinaysaa Britain ah oo xoog sare.

A yar oo taariikh

Aristotle Giriigii hore tilmaamay qiiqa sunta ah soo saaray dhuxusha gubanaya. hab ay aad u dhimashada ahaa oo aan la garaneyn. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, mid ka mid ah hababka hore ee ciqaabta ahaa quful jebisa sharciga qol uumi ah, halkaas oo ay dhamac ahaayeen. dhakhtar Giriigga Galen soo jeediyay in hawada ay jiraan isbedel qaarkood keeni karo dhib haddii neefsado.

Inta lagu jiro dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, isku dar ah gaaska la nijaasta ahaa oo carbon monoxide ah, waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida shidaalka baabuurta ee kuwa qaybo ka mid ah dunida, halkaas oo ahayd qadar kooban oo baatrool iyo shidaalka naaftada. dibadda (marka laga reebo qaar ka mid ah) matoorrada dhuxusha ama gaaska qoryo ayaa la aasaasay, laakiin isku dar ah ee nitrogen atmosfeerta, carbon monoxide, iyo tiro yar oo gaasas kale bixisey in fiicni gaaska. Tani waxa ay ahayd gaaska qoryo loogu yeero.

qayilo ee carbon monoxide

Carbon monoxide soo saaray lagu qayilo ka qayb xeryahooda carbonaceous. CO waxaa la aasaasay markii ogsijiin ku filan in uu soo saaro carbon dioxide (CO _2), tusaale ahaan, inta lagu guda jiro hawlgalka foornada ama engine sari gudaha ee meel xiran. Haddii oxygen joogo, iyo sidoo kale qaar ka mid ah fiirsashada kale atmosfeerta of gubasho carbon monoxide, radiating iftiin buluug ah, la xirrira carbon dioxide, oo loo yaqaan carbon dioxide.

Carbon dioxide waxaa si balaadhan looga isticmaalaa ilaa 1960 ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay, waayo, goobaha nalalka gudaha, cunto karinta iyo kulaylinta, oo wuxuu lahaa oo la qayb ka mid ah shidaalka sida qayb mudnaanta. hababka qaarkood ee teknoolajiyada casriga ah sida bir dikhaw weli soo saari carbon monoxide sida byproduct ah. CO xiriir laftiisa ayaa la oxidized CO ₂ heerkulka qolka.

Ma jiraa CO ah ee dabiiciga ah?

Haddii ay jirto carbon monoxide ee dabiiciga ah? Mid ka mid ah uu ilo asal ahaan dabiiciga ah waa dareen diidmo photochemical in troposphere ah. Nidaamkan waa mid lagu qiyaasayo in ay awoodaan in ay curiyaan qiyaastii 5 × ¹⁰ wakiilada kg December e, oday. Ka mid ah ilaha kale, sida kor ku xusan, waa marno, dababka kaynta iyo noocyada kale ee soo sari.

guryaha kelli

Carbon monoxide uu leeyahay tiro gaws of 28,0, taas oo ka dhigaysa waxaa wax yar ka yar tahay daar hawada. dhererka Bond u dhaxaysa laba atamka - 112,8 micrometers. Waxaa ku dhow ku filan si ay u bixiyaan mid ka mid ah bonds kiimikada ugu adag. Labada xubno lala CO qabtid ee ku saabsan 10 electrons in qolof valence of mid ka mid ah.

Sida caadiga ah, carbonyl ah organic biirey jiro bond a double. Muuqaalka caan ku Britain CO waa waxa uu dhacaa inta u dhaxaysa atamka bond xaafuun electrons xoog leh lala wadaago 6 3 orbitals kelli la xidhiidha. Tan iyo afar ka mid ah electrons la wadaago soo jeedaan eb oxygen ah iyo 2 oo kaliya ka carbon, mid degan laba electrons orbital la xidhiidha ee O _2, la xirrira Dipole ama bond TIRINTA. Taasina waxay keentaa in C ← O kala fogaansho ah u taagoo la kharash yar "-" on carbon iyo lacag yar "+" on oxygen ah.

The haray laba orbitals la xiriira ayaa waxaa kujira walxaha lagu soo oogay oo ah carbon iyo mid oxygen. Britain waa sinnayn: oxygen leeyahay cufnaanta weyn electron badan carbon iyo sidoo kale wax yar ka si togan ku amray, oo la carbon xun marka la barbar dhigo.

soo dhaweynta

In warshadaha, helista CO carbon monoxide waxaa fuliyay by kulaylinta dioxide kaarboon ah oo aan heli hawada ama uumiga biyaha la dhuxusha:

CO ₂ + C = 2CO;

H ₂ O + C = CO + H _2.

Arintaan waxaa kaloo loo yaqaan ey isku keentay ahaa uumi ama gaaska Avv. Under xaaladaha shaybaarka, carbon monoxide II by hoosaysiiyo acid organic urursan acid sulfuric, kaas oo u dhaqmo sida wakiilka ah dehydrating:

HCOOH = CO + H ₂ O;

H ₂ C ₂ O ₄ = CO ₂ + ₂ H O.

Calaamadaha ugu weyn oo caawimo sumowga CO

Ma sumowga carbon monoxide? Haa, oo aad u xoog badan. sumowga kaarboon monoksaydh waa arrin ugu caansan dunida oo dhan. Calaamadaha ugu badan waxay kala yihiin:

• dareen ah itaaldarro,
• lalabo,
• wareer;
• daal,
• caro;
• cunto xumo,
• madax-xanuun,
• jaahwareer,
• aragti cawlan,
• matag,
• suuxid,
• qalal.

Gaadhista gaaska this sunta waxay sababi kartaa waxyeello weyn, taas oo inta badan waxay keeni kartaa in muddada-dheer xaaladaha cudur raaga. Carbon monoxide wuxuu keeni karaa dhaawac halis ah in ilmaha caloosha ku ah qof dumar ah oo uur leh. Dhibanayaasha, tusaale ahaan, dab ka dib, waa in ay bixiyaan gargaar degdeg ah. baahi degdeg ah u yeedho ambalaaska, siin in ay helaan hawo cusub, dhar nadiif ah u dhimeysa neefsashada, oo dejiyo, diiran. sumoobo daran waxaa badanaa lagu daaweeyaa kaliya iyada oo ay kormeerayaan dhakhaatiirta cisbitaalka.

codsiga

Carbon monoxide waa, sida hore u soo sheegnay, waa sun ah oo khatar ah, laakiin waa mid ka mid ah xeryahooda aasaasiga ah oo loo isticmaalo warshadaha casriga ah ee ereygu wuxuu organic. CO waxaa loo isticmaalaa si loo soo saaro biraha saafi ah, carbonyls, fosjiin, tayadda carbon, khamriga methyl, formamide, beduliyum aldehydes, formic acid. walax waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa sida shidaalka. In kasta oo ay sumoobo iyo sumoobo, waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa qalab sida xawliga ah u soo saara walxaha kala duwan ee warshadaha kiimikada.

Carbon monoxide iyo carbon dioxide: Maxay ku kala duwan?

Monoxide iyo carbon dioxide (CO iyo CO ₂₎ caadi ahaan lagu qaldo kasta oo kale. Labada gaasas waa ur, midab, iyo labada saamayn taban ku leh nidaamka wadnaha leeyihiin. Labada gaasas jidhka ka geli karaa neefsasho, maqaarka iyo indhaha. xeryahooda Kuwani markii loo feydo noolaha wadaagaan tiro ka mid ah calaamadaha - madax xanuun, wareer, gariir iyo dhalanteed. Dadka intooda badan si dhib ka dhigi farqiga u hana ogaadaan in qiiqa baabuurtu timaada sida CO, iyo CO _2. Inside korodhka fiirsashada of gaasas, kuwaas oo halis ku noqon karaa caafimaadka aadanaha iyo ammaanka, ku xiran saamaynta ay. Waa maxay farqiga u?

At sare ee labada noqon karaan kuwo raga. Farqiga been in ₂ CO waa gaaska caadi ah dabiiciga ah, lagama maarmaanka u ah dhirta iyo xayawaanka nolosha oo dhan. CO ma aha mid caadi ah. Tani by-saarka sari oxygen-free. The kala duwan yihiin kiimikada muhiim ah isagoo in CO ₂ leedahay mid la eb carbon iyo laba la eb oxygen, halka kaliya iyaga CO mid mid. Carbon dioxide waa non-ololi kara, halka monoxide u badan tahay in dab qabsado.

Carbon dioxide waxaa si dabiici ah laga helo jawiga, dadka iyo xayawaanka neefsan oxygen iyo carbon dioxide pipe, i.e. sugan uxuu u adkeysan karaan qadar yar. gaaska waxaa sidoo kale looga baahan yahay photosynthesis by dhirta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, carbon monoxide ma dhici karto si dabiici ah in jawiga, iyo waxay keeni kartaa dhibaatooyin caafimaad oo xitaa at uruuray hooseeyo. cufnaanta gaaska Labada sidoo kale waa ka duwan yahay. Carbon dioxide culus oo ka badan tahay daar hawada, halka carbon monoxide waa wax yar oo sahlan. peculiarity Tani waa la tixgeliyaa ee ay ku abuureen ah dareemayaal ku haboon in guryaha.