Theorist Game Dzhon Nesh

Dzhon Nesh ayaa noqday si weyn loo yaqaan oo dhan si ay u movie mahad dunida "Mind A Beautiful." Waxaa la yaab leh taabashada, oo lagu soo eedeeyay rumaysadkiinna xagga xoogga hanad aadanaha, movie nolol-adkaynaya. Tani biopic, lama filaan ah film film-daahfurka. Waxaa barayaa daawadayaasha dunida ee mustaqbalka, halkaas oo maanka ka shaqeeya yaabab galay. Isku dhafista bixin maskaxda ah waalli iyo hanad in ay midnimo iyo halganka. Collection "Oscar" - caddayn of this. Created by xisaab this, aragti ciyaarta ayaa ka yeellay korkoodii aasaaskii ganacsiga shirkadaha. 27 pages Doctoral sha Nash lahaa sida saamayn ah oo ku saabsan bulshada iyo dhaqaalaha, sida 21 page sha a phD on physics teori Einstein ee.

Fikradda ah Adam Smith, taas oo dhaqan ahaan soo socota horumarinta bulshada ah ganacsade deeqsi ah, marka loo eego sida ay u baadhayaa Dzhon Nesh, u muuqataa cirro, ma sheegin sababta cad oo ifafaale badan oo casri ah. Aragtiyada kor ku xusan la xiriira in si la mid ah sida joomateri laba dhinac-cabbir ah waa kaliya hoosaad ah oo ka mid ah saddex-geesood ah.

bilow

John waxa uu ku dhashay on 13.06.1928, in Bluefield (West Virginia). Dugsiga ayaa aysan ka "nerd", ayuu bartay dhexdhexaad ah. Sida laga soo xigtay qof ka - sharta ah, hadayana jirin.

Bal qiyaas xisaabyahan ah mustaqbalka (joomateri kala duwan iyo aragtida kulan) ma jeclaan dugsiga mawduuca. Marka marxaladdan, waxa ku jira oo ahaa dhexdhexaad ka shakiyaan. Sida haddii uu caqli seexday oo sugayay riix. Oo isna wuxuu weli yimid.

At 14 jir, wiil dhalinyaro ah gacmaha buugga "abuurayaashu xisaabta" uu isku wadanka yihiin Erika Bella, xisaab iyo qoraaga ku dhex dhacday of sheekooyin sayniska. Buugga waxaa aad u rasmi ah u tilmaamaya nolosha xisaabyahannada weyn oo ay dhiirogelin iyo doorka ay horumar.

Maxaa dhacay markii iyaga akhriska buugaagta? Bal yaa og ... laakiin sida ay ahayd bilow, ka dib markii taas ilaa aad celcelis ahaan arday this "cirro" Dzhon Nesh gudagala wax aan macquul aheyn ee si lama filaan ah dadka kale cadeyneysaa Aragtida yar Fermat ee. xirfad laawe ah xaalad dambe ayaa yar, in la yidhaahdo. Laakiin aad i rumaysataan, waxay ahayd mucjiso. Iyada oo waxa la barbar dhigi karaa? Waxaa laga yaabaa sidaa darteed, sida haddii Aktarka hiwaayadda gobolka soo kiiska, oo waa weyn oo lagu ciyaaro Hamlet ee magaalada.

Polytechnic Institute

Aabbihiis (ina magiciisa labalaabka) ahaa nin leh aqoon, oo uu ka shaqeeyay sidii Injineer elektarooniga ah shirkad ganacsi. Waalidka ka dib markii caddayn ee Fermat ee Aragtida hore ahayd mid muuqata in Dzhon Nesh, Jr. noqon doonaa saynisyahan a.

cilmi cajiib ah qaar ka mid ballaaran furay albaabkii nin ee Polytechnic Institute si caddaalad ah qiimaha a, Carnegie, halkaas oo marka hore nin dhallinyaro ah doortay chemistry, markaas dhaqaalaha caalamiga ah iyo ugu dambayntii laftiisa aasaasay jecel yihiin in ay noqdaan xisaab ah. Waxa uu helay shahaadada, bachelor ee iyo darajo sayidkiisa, oo waafaqsan qaaska ah ee "af iyo qoraal Applied Xisaabta".

Si aad u ogaatid sida loo maqsuud macalimiinta uu machadka, ayaa sheegay in soo jeedinta ay soo saartay macalinka Richard Duffin gelitaanka Jaamacadda Princeton. Halkan waxaa ku qoran qoraalka ee buuxa iyo isakoo: "! Nin Tani - hanad ah"

Princeton University

Oo weliba mahad ma talooyinka, iyo baaritaanka xaliyay maray uu galay Jaamacadda Dzhon Nesh. Biography waxaa ka mid ah halka la abuuro aragti ah in uu si dhab ah aayahooda keentay. Sidee muujiyey?

Isaga waxa uu ogayn ahayd sano ka hor jeedin oo kaliya sagaal, marka waalli ee soddon sannadood ay xirto doonaa hawlohiisa mugdiga ah ee schizophrenia khayaano ka dunida ka baxsan, waxay u gudubtaa ka mid ah bulshada, wada baabbi'iyaa, qoysaska, shaqooyinka iyo guryaha baabi'inta.

Dadka dhallinyarada ah oo keliya ma yaqaanaan sida oo ma uu ogayn meel line wanaagsan kala hanad iyo waalli. Waxa uu si xiiso leh salaamay bandhigidda sayniska cusub ee aragtida ciyaarta, maaxdey dhaqaaleyahannada Morgenstern iyo John von Neumann, oo markiiba kor u qaadatay curinta ka madax madax. Labaatan sanadood oo ay hanad aysan awoodin in ay si madax-bannaan loo horumariyo qalabka asaasiga ah ee aragtida kulan, iyo 21 sano oo uu dhamaystiro shaqada on dhiganta ra'yigaa ee phD.

Meesha takhtarka dhallinyarada ahaa ku dhowaad sayniska in la ogaado in ka dib 45 sano aragtida ah ee Dzhona NESHA Nobel Prize la qiimeyn doonaa? Company ayaa u baahnaan doonta ku dhowaad nus qarni ah in ay ogaadaan in waxa ay ahayd horumar degdeg ah a!

shaqada

Aad hore sannadaha 1950-1953., At saynisyahan 22-25-sano jir ah uu bilaabo muddo maturity hal abuur leh. Waxa uu ku qoray dhawr shuqullada aasaasiga ah aragtida waxa loogu yeero kulan la raaciyo nonzero. Waa maxay? Fiiro gaar ah waxaad ka heli doontaa ka dib in this article.

Dzhon Nesh - xisaab caanka ah iyo guul. Uu goobta shaqada waa mid aad u qiimaha Massachusetts Institute of Technology, oo ku yaalla Cambridge. Markaas ayuu dhoola nasiib: xiriir la propentagonovskoy rand Corporation. Wuxuu wax la cunaa waxa maaliyad aan xad lahayn of Dagaalkii Qaboobaa, noqdo mid ka mid ah khubarada American taasoo keentay in ay awood.

Waa maxay aragtida ciyaarta

Kaloy aragti ciyaar ee xeerka casriga ah ee bulshada waa ay adag tahay in ay qiimayn dheeraad. Waa maxay bulsho marka la eego macroeconomics? dhexgalka ee ciyaartoy badan. Tusaale ahaan, ganacsatada celcelis ahaan, dawladda, qoysaska. Xitaa heer this Dhaqale, waxaa iska cad in mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah eryanayn ay istaraatijiyad.

Business kara leexdeen inay ka badbadiya faa'iidada ay (qoysaska utesnyaya) iyo in la yareeyo cashuurta (underpaying State).

State faa'iidada inay ka badbadinin canshuurta (xakamaynayaan ganacsiga yaryar iyo kuwa dhexdhexaadka) iyo heerarka hoose ee ilaalinta bulshada (siibi taageero qaybaha nugul ee bulshada).

Reeraha taageero buunbuuniyo si raaxo leh bulshada gobolka iyo qiimaha ugu yar ee alaabta iyo adeegyada laga soo saaro by ganacsiga.

Sidee wada heli kartaa Swan kuwan, Cancer iyo Pike iyo dynamically jiidi gaadhi, magaca oo - shirkadda? Waxaa qeexayaa aragti ciyaarta.

maaxdey of Dzhona NESHA - dhibaatada la soo tiriya aan eber

fasalka ka sarreeya dhibaatooyinka halkaas oo faa'iido ka mid ah xisbiga waxaa kale oo ka badiyay, loo yaqaan dhibaatada a eber-wadarta. Waxay ogaa sida loo tiriyo iyo Morgenstern iyo von Neumann. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xusuustaa in for class this dhibaatooyinka uu abuuray qalab iyo qalab fikradeed ee Dzhon Nesh.

Laakiin xisaab cajiib on model this aan la joojin, waxa uu cadeeyay hawlo dheeraad ah oo jilicsan of fasalka (eber-wadarta). Tusaale ahaan, maaraynta isku dhaca iyo ururrada shaqaalaha, si ay u sameeyaan dalabyada si kor loogu qaado mushaarkooda.

Dartey xaaladda by joojinta dheer, labada dhinac oggolaan doono khasaaraha. Marka la isticmaalayo sida ururada ganacsiga iyo maamulka, istiraatiijiyad ku haboon, iyo kuwa dadka kale oo ku jiri doonaan badiyeen. Xaaladdan ayaa waxaa loogu yeeraa hoganaya non-iskaashato ama hoganaya Nash. (Tani sort of dhibaatooyinka jira arrimo diblomaasiyadeed, dagaalladii ganacsiga.)

bulshada ee tartan rasmi ah maanta waxay muujinaysaa kala duwan oo si dhab ah aan la koobi karayn ee isdhexgalka jilayaasha kala duwan. Iyo ku dhowaad dhammaan iyaga kasteba si falanqaynta xisaabeed dhibaato la a non-eber wadarta.

nolosha Personal

Tan iyo dabayaaqadii 50 ee mustaqbalka guusha Nobel Prize Dzhon Nesh fuusho jaranjarada waxbarashada, iyo, sidaas si la hadasho, boodayaa saddex tallaabo. Fikradda wayn ma ahaayeen dad isaga u. U eegin inaadan iyo cynically uu daweeyey wuxuu isaga u jeclaaday jaalle ee MIT Eleanor Stier. Ma u taabatay iyo in waxay isagii u dhashay ilmo. Wuxuu si fudud ku ma qirayaa inuu aabbanimada. Waana mid ka, mid ka mid ahaa kooxda ka mid ah asxaabta Nash lahaa saaxiibo ma. Wuxuu ahaa lala yaabo oo la yaab leh, ku noolaa dunida la Been abuurtay by qaaciidooyinka isku yihiin. dareenka oo dhan waxaa ka go'an in ay hal wax - istaraatijiyad ku haboon.

Baahnayn in la sheego, curisey keentay tiknoolajiyadda ee Qaboobaa War, soddon Dzhon Nesh. isaga sawirtaa in sannadahan aad uula mid tahay sawirka actor isaga ciyaaray Rassela Krou. Coleen la weji garasho iyo eegno maskax leh. Fortune Magazine saadaaliyay ammaantiisa iyo warkiisii. Bishii Febraayo 1957, wuxuu guursaday Alicia subag, waxay leeyihiin laba sano ina muujiyey Martin. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani waxay u muuqataa in ay meesha ugu sarreysa ee xirfadiisa duushay iyo ladnaanta shakhsiga John bilaabay si ay u muujiyaan calaamadaha schizophrenia khayaano.

cudurka

si Dzhona NESHA Next bilaabay qarow: therapy ah insulin adag in Hospital State Trenton, xil ka qaadistooda, furiinka saddex sano jirrada la quus Alicia subag ka dib, ambaday agagaarka guryaha waalan.

In 60 ee uu dareemay wanaagsan, iyo Eleanor Stier siiyey saqafka guri la'aan ah ka gaartay saynisyahan madaxa ay, markii uu ku qaatay wada hadalka la ina ugu horeysay. Nash u maleeyey inuu ahaa kabsaday, oo wuxuu joojiyey qaadashada daawooyinka ee waallida dajiya. Cudurku wuxuu ku soo laabtay.

Markaas, ee '70s, wuxuu siiyey hoy Alicia subag. Shaqaalaheenna isaga siiyey shaqo.

Waddada lagu gaarayo dib u soo kabashada

At jeedo, waxa uu ogaaday in ku nool milaratigooda, schizophrenia ah doorinaynaa iyo dunida khayaano, oo waxay bilaabeen inay cudurka dagaalamaan. Laakiin isagu ma uu ahaa dhakhtar iyo saynisyahan a. Sidaa darteed, gacmihiisa ma noqday farsamooyin caafimaad, iyo in la horumariyo by qudhiisu Game Aragtida. Cilmiyeysan si joogto ah la diriray shaki badan ku Dzhon Nesh. Movie la Russell Crowe in doorka hanad loogu soo bandhigay. Waxa uu cudurka saacad la dirireen, oo aan tanaasul, sida horjeeda ciyaarta ka hor hindisaha si loo yareeyo fursadaha yareysey kala duwan ee stroke, loo diido dadaallada ay. Sidaas darteed of this ugu muhiimsan ee uu noloshiisa ee xisbiga uu adkaaday waalli hanad, oo wuxuu gaadhay yaraynta joogto buuxda cudur aan la bogsiin karin.

Ugu dambeyntii, xukunka dheer la sugayay ayaa hoos 1990 by takhaatiirta: Dzhon Nesh soo kabsaday. Waa in aan bixin cashuur dunida sayniska ee Maraykanka, hanad aan la illoobi doonin, kuwaas oo in ka badan konton sano ka dib oo dhan, waxay qalab horumartay by Nash isticmaalo. In 1994, wuxuu ku guulaystay Nobel Prize (oo uu sha undergraduate, qoraal at da'da 21 sano jir ah!). Sannadkii 2001, Nash mar kale ku xidhan gunti la Alicia subag. Maanta, saynisyahan caan sii watay shaqada cilmiyaysan ee uu xafiiska Princeton. Waxa uu xiiseynayo in istaraatijiyad Fansaarada isticmaalka kombiyuutarada.

gunaanad

hanad Tani American - qofka la yaab leh oo dhan, naftiisa oo dhan - caddayn ah ee aragtida ah kulan. Noloshiisu waxay u wada yimaadeen iyo Liibaan, jacaylka iyo waalli, iyo guusha ee caqli badan shaki badan. Waayo, falanqaynta ee xaqiiqada dhabta ah ee ku hareeraysan Dzhon Nesh ayaa had iyo jeer ku riyaaqay laftiisa horumariyo sida qalabka sayniska.

saynisyahan hanad ayaa si cad loo garan karo by weedha Umberto Eco (novel "Foucault ee Pendulum") ka, in hanad ah waxaa mar walba ciyaaro on qayb ka mid ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kulankiisii - waa mid gaar ah oo gaar ah. Sababta oo ah marka uu ciyaarayo waxa on, ka dibna ay isticmaalaan oo dhan waxyaalo kale.