The qaybo ugu weyn ee ubaxa - waa ... qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ee ubaxa: pistil iyo stamens

Botanists ayaa lagu tiriyaa in ka badan 360 kun oo noocyo kala dhex dhirta ubax. Oo xaalkan aan la dhammeeyey. Ubax waxaa la helay ka kulaale in Dhuldhoobo ah - in dhammaan cimilada ee caalamka. meel kasta Waxay kala yihiin: in saxaraha, kaymaha, deel, biyagaleenka ahuba iyo harooyinka, on xeebta iyo buuraleyda ah. Warshad ubax Tani waxay kor u bulk of arrinta of biosphere ah. Thanks iyaga, soo saaray cuntooyinka warshadda - cereals, khudaarta iyo miraha ugu, berry iyo nuts.

The element ugu muhiimsan ee angiosperms ah (ubax magaca labaad) waa ubax. The qaybo ugu weyn ee ubaxa - pistil ah iyo stamens. Sababo la xiriira habka adag ee pollination iyo bacrinta, abuur foomka ka qaybgalka - sii nolosha iyo horumar ah ee dhirta caalamka.

Ubaxa: dhismeedka iyo shaqada

dhirta sare ka kooban yihiin iyo xididdadiisa, laamo leh caleemaha iyo ubaxa, kuwaas oo la soo gaabiyey iyo modified stem. Root, istaajiyo iyo caleemo - qaybaha daaqsinka in masuul ka ah koritaanka dhirta yihiin. Ubaxa - element generative ee xubnaha taranka. Sida caadiga ah, ubaxa waxaa ku lifaaqan pedicels - si loo yaqaan qayb casri ah oo asliga ah oo aan caleemaha. In dhirta qaar ka mid ah peduncles maqan ama dirqi ah ka muujiyeen. Waxaa - ubax sessile. Peduncle u fidiya, guurayso kafaalaqaade ah.

Waxaan ku qor ka hooseysa, ka peduncle ah, meelaha ugu weyn ee ubaxa. kafaalaqaade Tani, taas oo aasaas u ah meelaynta qaybaha haray ee ubaxa. Kafaalaqaade laga yaabaa in qaabab kala duwan oo ka toobinta, sida Magnolia si diyaarad (camomile) ama xataa concave (rosehips), laga bilaabo koobka, taas oo la aasaasay sepals. waxay sida caadiga ah waa cagaar, laakiin waxaa lagu dhalaalaysa karo. Buro laga yaabaa in hal isku xigta ama epicalyx soo sameeyey wareega labaad ee sepals. Next - Corolla ee ubaxa, ka kooban Tent. Kala duwan ee Corolla ubax waaweyn: midab, xoojinta midabka, size, tirada, qaabka, heshiis labada dhinac, Tent cholesterol.

Wadajir, ee sepals iyo Tent ka samaysan perianth ah - daboolo ubaxa. dhirta ubax qaarkood waxay leeyihiin Tent jirin, ama iyagu ma ay kala duwan yihiin sepals ku. Xaaladaha noocaas ah, perianth waa mid fudud, waxa la yidhaahdaa waa double haddii ay jiraan sepal iyo Tent. Perianth - ubax xuubka oo Nadiif ah. Functions ubaxa loo qoondeeyey perianth - ilaalinta carpel ah (pistil ama carpel) iyo pollination damaanad. midabyo iyo Corolla urta soo jiidasho leh siiyaan cayayaanka booqanaya dhirta.

bracts waa bacrin ah, ugu yaraan qayb ka mid ah ugu weyn ee ubaxa. Waxaa gynoecium, fudud - pistil ah, kaas oo horumariyey ovules la kafaalaqaade for gametophyte ah (megaspores). Waa xubnaha taranka haween ah ee ubaxa. The bracts iyo waa hay'adda ugu lab galmada, unit ah dhismaha oo - stamen. Wadajir, stamens ah waxaa loo yaqaan androecium. anthers stamen The sameeyay microspores. Waxay soo bixinno Midho manka ah - gametophyte lab.

The qaybo ugu weyn ee ubaxa

The pistil iyo stamens yihiin waxyaalaha ugu muhiimsan, waxay tan iyo - qaybinta lab iyo dhaddig unugyada jeermiga. Waxaa - gametophytes, walax taas oo ka kulanka farcanka, iyo midhaha ubax baxdo. Pistil (carpel sax ah si aad u soo wac) wuxuu ka kooban yahay ugxan, column ah (ubax qaar ka mid ah laftiisa ma aha), iyo dhaleeceynta. In koleyga ee embriyaha ugxan waxaa la ovules bartilmaameedka ay. sare ee khaanadda dhammaanaysaa ceebeynta, halkaas oo manka waa raagay. Waxaa la aasaasay in stamens ah (mikrosporolistikah). stamen caadiga ah waxay ka kooban tahay laba qaybood: filaments ah (sterile qayb, sterile) iyo (bacriminta) anther function a bacrin ah.

Monoecious iyo dioecious

About 75% oo ka mid ah noocyada of angiosperms waa hermaphroditic (hermaphroditic) ubax - waxay leeyihiin stamens oo pistils labadaba. Kuwani dhirta yihiin monoecious (tusaale ahaan - galley). Waxaa jira dhirta, taas oo shaqsiyaad qaar ka mid ah - oo ubax staminate oo keliya, iyo kuwo kale - pistillate kaliya. Waxaa loo yaqaan dioecious (tusaale ahaan - hemp).

Geedi socodka ah ee pollination

Nuxurka waa in la garaaco pollination of manka on ceebeynta of stamens. Waxay noqon kartaa is-pollination, tusaale ahaan ku classic of taas oo loo arkay in ubax la shaacin (qaar ka mid ah violets, lawska, oo shaciir ah). Habka labaad The - iskutallaabta-pollination in dhacdaa ubax ugu. Qaar ka mid ah sidayaasha manka, oo dabayshii, biyaha, cayayaanka, Qudhaanjadu, shimbiraha.

bacrinta double

At gametes lab kulanka (manida) ka gamete dheddiga (uusayt) bacrinta dhacdaa. Si arrintan loo sameeyo, waxaad u baahan tahay on ceebeynta, qoyan dareere macaan dhegdheg, magooshay stamens manka. In saxarka magooshay bilaabo tube kordhaya manka - aad u dheer oo aad u dhuuban. Waxaa guskiisa galay ugxan u dhow ovules ah. Dhamaadka labada tuubbo ku lifaaqan manida. Ovule, oo ka kooban unugyada in la horumariyo gudahood ugxan. ukunta ku dhow yahay inuu pyltsevhodu, oo guskiisa pyltsetrubka. unugyada kale, sare, oo ku taalla bartamaha of ugxan. Cadha Pyltsetrubka iyo labada manida laga bixin marnaba. Mid ka mid ah uu galo cytoplasm iyo xuduntii fiusaska beed ah, iyo kuwa kale oo - guskiisa galay gacanta sare. Bacrinta dhacdaa iyo ukunta uu bilaabo inuu si joogta ah u kala qaybiyaan, by kaas oo uu yeesho jeermiska ee warshadda. cell sare sida dilaacday iyo bilaabaan in ay kala qaybiyaan si ay u sameeyaan ka endosperm - sahayda reserve bakhaar for embriyaha. Tani foomamka abuur ah.

Si kooban oo ku saabsan shaqo ee ubaxa

dhirta ubax ee flora ee caalamka mashquulin meel adag ay horumarka, iyo sidoo kale ka mid ah dubato nuujiya. Ujeedada wax nool oo dhan - inay sii dheereysato qoyska, si ay u abuuraan oo ay sii. Isla danayn iyo ubax. xubnaha taranka, fulinta shaqada faafin, waa ubax. The qaybo ugu weyn ee ubaxa - gynoecium this (tuntid) iyo androecium (stamen) taas oo ay u sameeyaan unugyada jinsiga - gametes. In ubaxa ka dib markii pollination ay galmo - shahwaddiisu ka mid ah gametes. Sidaas darteed of bacrinta double ee ovules of ugxan horumarisa oo dubka abuur ah oo la reserve ah ee nafaqooyinka. Tani waa - bilowga nolol cusub jiilalka mustaqbalka ee qoysaska ah ee dhirta ubax.