Tatar magaca: liiska. Tatar qorayaasha magacyada

Inta badan oo ka mid ah magacyada Tatar waa nooc ka mid ah dib u habaynta magaca qof lab awowayaashiin ee qoyska. In sano ka weyn, ka timaado qoyska aabbihiis, laakiin bilowgii qarnigii XIX ah, habkani wuxuu bilaabay inuu si tartiib ah u beddesho, iyo dhalashada awoodda Soviet, ma aha oo kaliya waayo, wiilashii wakhtigan, laakiin ka weyn oo ay dhaleen oo qoyska ka ahaa guud ahaan xaqiijisatay magaca qoyska oo dhan. In mustaqbalka, waxaa uusan waxba iska badalin oo waxay ku jiray oo dhan farcankiisa. dhaqanka tani sii socoto ilaa maantadan la joogo.

Waxbarashada Tatar qoyska ka shaqooyinka

asalka ah ee dad badan oo ka mid ah magacyada Tatar (iyo sidoo kale magacyada dadka kale) waxaa looga baahan yahay inay xirfadaha, kuwaas oo ku hawlan yihiin in warbaahinta ay. Tusaale ahaan, Urmancheev - Urman (forester) Baksheev - Baksh (karraanigii), ilaalada - xabbad (askartu) Beketov - Becket (daryeel-khan ina) Tukhachevskiy - tuhachi (kii), iwm Waxa xiiso leh oo ku filan asal ahaan ka mid ah magacyada Tatar, oo maanta waxaan rumaysan Ruush, tusaale ahaan, "Suvorov" (oo loo yaqaan qarnigii XV ah).

In 1482 midiidinkiisii wuxuu Goryainov Suvorov, kuwaas oo magiciisa wuu ka fuushanba xirfadda (Suvorov) ka helay, ayaa waxaa ka mid ah Xusuuso in taariikhda. Qarnigii soo socda, marka wiilashii Suvorov waxay go'aansatay dhowr qaadin asalka ah ee magiciisa, waxa la Been abuurtay Halyeeyga reer awoowe qoyska Swedish yimid Suvorov ee 1622 ee Russia oo halkan degeen.

Markos asal ahaan gebi ahaanba ka duwan An Tatishchev. Her adeer Ivan Shah - Prince Solomerskomu adeegi jiray sida Grand Prince Ivan III ee, siiyey awood u leeyahay inuu si dhakhso ah oo si sax ah loo ogaado tuugada. Maaddaama ay awood u gaar ah isaga yeero naaneesta ah "tuugo", kaas oo ka dhigtay magaca caanka ah.

Magac sida saldhig u ah ee qoyska

Laakiin marar badan magaca Tatar ka yimaado sifo in subagtaa nin oo uu tayada dabeecad ee kala duwan ama marks soocayaa.

Sidaas daraaddeed, Bazarovs la odhan ka awowayaashiin ku dhashay maalmood suuqa soo degay. Laga soo bilaabo brother-- ninka oo uu naagtiisa ka walaashiis, oo la odhan jiray "BAJ", waxaa jiray magaca Bazhanov. saaxiib A oo la qadarin sida aadka sidii Ilaah, loo yaqaan "veliamin," oo ka eraygan waxa uu leeyahay asalka ay magaca Veliaminov (Velyaminov).

Ragga qaba doonista, jecel yihiin, loo yaqaan Murad, oo ka qaadnay magaca Muradov (Muratov); Kuwa kibirka badanu - Bulhak (Bulgakov); jeclaaday oo jecel - Daoud, Davud, David (Davidov). Sidaas darteed, qiimaha magacyada Tatar xidido ku leeyahay qadiimiga ah.

In XV-XVII qarniyo in Russia ahaa magaca cadaalad ah baahsan ee Zhdanov. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in ay asal ahaan waxa uu leeyahay erayga "vidzhdan", oo keliya laba qiimeeyo. Sidaas subagtaa iyo kuwii ku caashaqi jiray dareen, iyo jiriin diineed. Mid kasta oo ka Zhdanovs hadda dooran kartaa Halyeeyga in uu jecel yahay.

The kala duwan oo ku dhawaaq oo ka mid ah magacyada deegaanka Ruush iyo Tatar

Kacay wakhtiyadii hore magaca Tatar muddo dheer si ay ula qabsadaan bulshada Ruush. Marar badan, asal ahaan dhabta ah ee magacyadooda qabiil aan xitaa ma malayn, ka fiirsaneysa ay hooyo Ruush. Tusaale ahaan noogu badan, oo waxaa jira fursado arrin farxad leh. Laakiin xitaa kuwa magacyada oo aan aaminsanahay neizmenimymi bulshada Ruush iyo Tatar Gaarna loogu dhawaaqaa iyadoo xoogaa farqi ah. Sidaas daraaddeed, composers badan Tatar, magacyada kuwaas oo hoos ku qoran, waayo, wakhti dheer loo arkaa dhaqan Ruush. Iyo sidoo kale hay'adaha, war akhriyeyaal TV, kuwii gabayaaga ahaa, fanaaniinta.

Ruush Tatar qoyska afjaridda -in, Female, -ev oo kale inta badan ee deegaanka Tataarka smoothed. Tusaale ahaan, ka buuxsamay kaga hadlay Buuxinaya, Tukaev - sida toucans Arakcheev - Arakhchi. In dokumentiyada rasmiga ah, sida caadiga ah, isticmaalka dhamaadka. The kaliya ee ka reeban waa magacyadii reer binu dhalmada Mishar shaqsi iyo Tatar Murza, sida ay xoogaa ka duwan magaca caadiga generic Tatar yihiin. Sababta tani - formation of magacyada magacyada kuwa aan helay isticmaalka ballaaran ama gebi illoobay, ENIC, Akchurin, Divey. Magacyada Akchurin "-in" - ma aha dhammaadkii, oo qayb ka ah magaca hore, kaas oo sidoo kale ay dhici karto inay kala duwanaansho of dhawaaq.

magacyada Tatar wiilasha u muuqday waqtiyo kala duwan

bogagga dukumentiyada jir ah, carruurtooda aan subagtaa. Qaar badan oo iyaga ka mid ah waxaa ka mid ah Arab, iiraani, Iran, asal Turkish. Qaar ka mid ah magacyada Tatar ka kooban yihiin erayo dhowr mar. Ay u macneeyeen waa wax adag oo aan had iyo jeer si sax ah uu sharaxayaa.

magacyada Baydka, kaas oo wakhti dheer ah ee wiilasha Tatar ma wac:

• Babak - Baby, ilmahaaga, ilmo yar;
• Babacan - ixtiraamo, nin mudan;
• Baghdasar - iftiin, farabadan of rays;
• Badak - ee aqoonta sare leh,
• Baibek - Bek awood (Mr);
• Sagaidak - weerar cadow sida fallaadh,
• Suleiman - a caafimaad leh, firfircoon, barwaaqo, nabad ah ku nool,
• Magdanurov - il of rays iftiimaa,
• Haleen karo - taasoo keentay dad ah wadada, ku Qaddarray by Eebe,
• Zakaria - had iyo jeer u xusuusataa Eebe, ninka dhab ah;
• Zarif - a jilicsan, fiican bay u, fiican,
• Fagil - adag-shaqada, wax sameyso, ku dadaala,
• Satlykov - iibsaday ilmaha. magaca waxa uu leeyahay muddo dheer taagan ahmiyad dhaqan. dhalashada ee ilmaha si ay u badbaado ciidamada mugdiga ah ka dib, waxa ay in muddo ah siiyey qaraabo ama saaxiibo, ka dibna lacag "furtay", ayuu waqti isku mid ah u yeedhay yarkii Satlykov.

Ilkeed Modern magacyada isku mid ah - oo aan si fudud magiciisa view evropezirovanny sameeyay qarnigii XIX-XVII. iyaga ka mid ah, Airat, Albert, Ahmed, Bakhtiar, Damir, Zufar, Ildar, Ibrahim Iskander, Ilyas, Kamil Karim, Muslim, Ravil, Ramil, Raphael, Raphael, Renat Said Timur, Fuat Hasan Shamil, Shafqat, Edward, Eldar, Yusuf iyo kuwo kale oo badan.

magacyada qadiimiga ah iyo casriga ah ee gabdhaha

Waxaa laga yaabaa in tuulooyinka fog Tatar weli waxaa laga heli karaa gabdhaha la odhan jiray Zulfinur, Hadeya, Naubuhar, Nuriniso, Maryam, laakiin in labaatankii sano ee la soo dhaafay iyo magacyada dumarka ay noqdaan dad dheeraad ah caadaysteen in ay Yurub maadaama ay yihiin stylized. Halkan waxaa ku qoran qaar ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah:

• Aigul - moonflower;
• Alsou - biyo kacay;
• Albina - cad-wajahay;
• Amin - a dabacsan, daacad, daacad ah. Amina ayaa hooyadiis la odhan Nabi Muxammed,
• Bella - qurux badan;
• Gaul - oo degan meel sare,
• Guzel - aad u qurux badan, la dhalaalayay,
• Dilara - qalbiga ku jira ka farxisaa;
• Zainap - faanka ah, jidhka oo buuxa;
• Zulfira - isagoo Fadilmo,
• Zulfiya - soo jiidasho badan, qurux badan,
• ololka dalka, dadka dab - Ilnar;
• Ilfira - kibirka ee dalka;
• Jir - istaahilo ixtiraam,
• Karim - deeqsi ah;
• Leila - madow lehba,
• Laysan - deeqsi ah;
• Naila - gaarey gool,
• Nuria - dhalaalaya iyo iftiimeen,
• Rail - aasaasihii;
• Rice - madaxiisa u dhow;
• Regina - naagtii boqorka, Boqorad;
• Roxana - ifi iftiinka cirka ka dhalaalaya,
• Faina - iftiimaya;
• Chulpan - xiddigta waaberi;
• Elvira - Ilaali, kaas oo ilaaliya;
• Elmira - ogsoon yahay, dabaal.

qoyska Ruush caan ah oo baahsan leeyihiin asal Tatar

Inta badan magaca Ruush asal Tatar muuqday sannadihii qabsashadii of Russia by Mongols iyo kadib cayrintii ee reer guuraa ah oo ka baxsan Slavic ku matalo ciidanka Ruush-Lithuanian wadajir ah. Khubarada anthroponimics leedahay in ka badan shan boqol oo magacyada caan ah iyo sidoo kale-u dhashay Russia leeyihiin asal Tatar. Ku dhawaad mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah waa sheeko dheer oo mararka qaarkood u qurux badan. Asal ahaan in liiskan amiirradii, Knights, magaca count ee:

• Abdulova, Aksakovs, Alabino, Almazovo, alyab'evoy, Anichkova, Apraksins, Arakcheeva Arseniev, Atlasovo;
• Bazhanovs, Bazarovs, Baykovoye, Baksheeva, Barsukov, Bakhtiyarova, Bayushevy, Beketovs, Bulatov Bulgakovs;
• Sonya;
• Gireev, Gogol, Gorchakov;
• Davydov;
• Zhdanov;
• ilkaha
• Izmailov;
• Kadysheva, Kalitin Karamzins, Karaulova, Karachinskaya, Kartmazovo, Kozhevnikov (Kozhaeva) Kononov, Kurbatova;
• Lachinov;
• Mashkov, Minin, Muratova;
• Naryshkin Novokreshchenova;
• Ogarevs;
• Peshkov, Plemyannikova;
• Radishcheva Rastopchin, Ryazanov;
• Saltanov, Svistunova Suvorov;
• Tarkhanovo Tatishcheva, Timiryazeva Tokmakov, Turgenev, Tukhachevsky;
• Uvarov, Ulanova, Ushakov;
• Khitrovo, Khrushchev,
• Chaadaeva Chekmareva, Chemesovy;
• Sharapova Sheremetevs Shishkin;
• Shcherbakovs;
• Yusupov;
• Yausheva.

Tusaale ahaan, oo durriyadii horeysay Anichkova ahaayeen ka Horde. Xusuuso oo ka mid ah dib taariikhda in sanadka 1495 oo la xiriira Novgorod. Atlasova magiciisa wuu ka la odhan Tatar si caddaalad ah wax caadi ah caadiga ah helay - Atlas. Kozhevnikova looga yeedhay si dib markii in 1509 soo galay hawshii Ivan III. Waa maxay magaca qoyska si ay u la joogo waxaa lagu ma yaqaan ahayd, laakiin waxaa la qiyaasayo in ay magaca ka mid ah ereyga "Hodja," taas oo macnaheedu yahay "Sayidkaygiiyow,".

Tatar qorayaasha, kuwaas oo keenay ammaanta qoomkiisii isagoo xilligii Soviet

The kor ku xusan loo tixgeliyaa sida Ruush, laakiin magacyada asal ilkeed, liiska oo dhameystiran ka fog yahay, oo inta badan aad u yaqaan in jiilka haatan jooga. Sameeyey caanka ah by qorayaasha weyn, jilayaasha, siyaasiyiinta, hoggaamiyayaasha ay ciidamada. Waxaa loo arkaa in ay Ruush, laakiin awowayaashood ahaayeen tataarka. dhaqanka dad badan ay ku ammaanmay dad aad u kala duwan. iyaga waxaa ka mid ah qorayaasha caanka ah, taas oo ah in ay ka hadlaan in faahfaahin dheeraad ah.

The ugu caansan iyaga ka mid ah:

• Abdurahman Absalyamov - qoraa, qoraa qarnigii XX ah. maqaalo uu, sheekooyin gaagaaban, tixaha "Gold Star", "Gazinur", "dab aan demeyn" ayaa lagu daabacay sidii Tatar oo luqado Ruush. Absalyamov tarjumay "Spring on oder ah" Ruush Kazakevich, "Young Guard" Fadeeva. Isagu ma uu turjumo oo keliya by qorayaasha Ruush, laakiin Jack London, by GI De Maupassant.
• Fatxi Burnashev, magaca dhabta ah waa Fathelislam Burnashev - Abwaan, ayaadse, turjumaan, essayist, tiyaatarka tiradaasi. Qoraaga of curiyay badan riwaayado iyo lyrical, taajir iyo suugaanta khayaali Tatar, iyo masraxa.
• Karim Tinchurin, marka laga reebo in uu yahay caanka ah sida qoraa, isaguna waa actor ah, iyo riwaayadaha, waxaa ka mid ah aasaasayaasha tiyaatarka Tataarka xirfadeed oo ku qoran.
• Gabdulla Tukai - ugu jecel yahay iyo qadarin by dadka gabayaa, publicist, ee u ololeeya arrimaha bulshada oo naqdiya suugaanta.
• Gabdulgaziz Munasypov - Qoraaga iyo Abwaan.
• Mirhaydar Fayzullin - Abwaan, riwaayadaha, essayist, compiler ah collection of songs dad.
• Zahir (Zagir) Yarulla ugyly - qoraa, aasaasaha Tatar tiraab ah macquul ah, dadweynaha iyo culumada diinta.
• Rizaitdin Fakhretdinov - labada Tatar oo Bashkir qoraa, aqoonyahan, hoggaamiye diimeed. In shuqulladiisii uu si joogta ah ayaa arrinta xorayn haweenka, wuxuu ahaa taageere u ahaa bilowga ah ee dadka si ay u dhaqan Yurub.
• Baygildiev Shariif, kuwaas oo qaatay magaca Kamal, - Qoraaga, Abwaan caan ah iyo turjumaan, kuwaas oo loo tarjumay ugu horeysay ee afka Tataarka "Ciid Virgin Upturned".
• Kamal Galiaskar, oo magaciisa dhabta ah - Galiaskar Kamaletdinov run buu ahaa Tatar classic riwaayadaha.
• Yavdat Ilyasov qoray oo ku saabsan taariikhda qadiimiga ah iyo Dr Makumbe of Central Asia.

qoysaska ka Nasahanyahay Tatar, oo ka tagay sumadda weyn on suugaanta hooyo sidoo kale Naki Isanbet, Ibragim Gazi Saalax Battalov Ayaz Gilyazov, Amirhan Eniki, Atilla Rasih, Angam Atnabaev, Shaikhi Mannur, Shayhelislam Mannurov, Garifzyan Ahunov. iyaga ka mid tahay qof dumar ah - Fauzia Bayramov - qoraa, siyaasi caan ah, oo ah dhaq xuquuqda aadanaha. The qoraa Polish caanka Genrika Senkevicha, ka Lipka tataarka yimid, sidoo kale waxaan ku dari kartaa liiska this.

qorayaasha Tatar, magacyada kuwaas oo kor ku xusan, nool oo ka shaqeysta wakhtiyada Soviet, laakiin Tatarstan casriga ah ayaa sidoo kale u leeyihiin in ay noqon kuwa kibirsan.

Qorayaasha Tatarstan ka dib muddo

Waxaa sugan, warkii ugu weyn ka mid ah dalkiisa ay tayo suugaanta sare u qalantay Shaukat Galliev. Magaca dhabta ah ee qoraaga - Idiyatullin, naaneesta ah magaca aabbihiis ka soo gaaray. Gallo waa wiil aad u fiican ee jiilkiisa, wakiilka ugu ifka badan oo ka mid ah qorayaasha Tatar ee qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii XX.

Istaahil ixtiraam oo dhan oo ka mid ah dadka Tatar iyo Raul Mir Khaydarov, heshay aqoonsi sare ee sannadaha Soviet ka dibna Ruush. Sida Rinat Muhamadiev iyo Kavi Nadzhmi.

Ha noo xusuusataan qaar ka mid ah magacyada badan oo qorayaasha Tatar yaqaan ka baxsan Jamhuuriyadda: Razil Valeev, Zarif Bashir Vahit Imaamyada Rafkat Karami, Gafur Kulahmetov, Mirsaev Amir Foat Sadr Hamit Samihov, Ildar Yuzeev Yunus Mirgaziyan.

Sidaas daraaddeed, Razil Valeev ka 1981 si ay u 1986 madax guddiga Midowga Writers ', ka 1981 si ay u soo bandhigaan - oo xubin ka ah Ururka Qorayaasha ee Tatarstan. A Foat Sadriyev - author of saabsan labaatan xabbadood waayo, tiyaatarka, oo xubin ka ah Ururka Midawga Qorayaasha '. shuqulladiisa ay muddo dheer xiiso u ah Tatar iyo tirooyin masrixiyada Ruush.

composers Great Tatar iyo fanaaniinta

qorayaasha Heer Tatar, magacyada kan la mahadiyo ee maskaxda iftiimiyey ee bannaan ee post-Soviet, shaki ka qayb qaatay ay caarada in weynayn ammaanta dadkaaga uu sidoo kale violinist fiican caan ah adduunka Alina Ibragimova iyo ciyaartoyda badan oo caan ah, kubadda cagta, ciyaarta xeegada, basketball wrestlers. Kulanka maqleen oo ay taagni dhexdiisa malaayiin. Laakiin ka dib markii qaar ka mid ah masixi doonaa tareenka cusub, iyaga bedelay sanamyada, oo bogaadinayaa doonaa hoolalka iyo tarabuunka, halka qorayaasha ah, iyo sidoo kale, iyo composers, fannaaniinta, sculptors ayaa ka tagay ay ku ganaya on qarnigii.

Uu dhaxalka jiilal hadhay farshaxankiisa ah fanaaniinta tayo Tatar. Magacyada badan oo iyaga ka mid ah waxaa loo yaqaan in ay dalkoodii hooyo, iyo Ruushka. Waxaa ugu Filan in yeeran a Harris Yusupov Lyutfullu Fattakhova, Haamaha Urmanche inay ku caashaqa oo run iyo connoisseurs ee farshaxanka casriga ah xaqiiqsadeen kii.

Istaahil of xusuusannaa oo duudduuban oo ku composers caanka Tatar. Sida dilay hore inta lagu guda jiro World Farid Yarullin, author of "Ballet Shurale» Celebrity, halkaas oo ay ku cayaartay daran Maya Plisetskaya; Nazib Zhiganov, heshay horyaalka sharaf of Faneed Dadka ee USSR ee 1957; Latif Hamidi, ka mid ah kuwaas oo ka shaqeeya Opera, waltzes jecel yahay in dadka; Anvar Bakirov; Saalax Saidashev; Aydar Gainullin; Sonia Gubaidulina, oo qoray music ee cartoon "Mowgli" ah, 25 sawirada mooshin, ay ka mid yihiin "Scarecrow The" Rolan Bykov. composers Kuwani dunida oo dhan Ilaah ammaaneen magaca Tatar.

saffarro caan

Ku dhawaad magacyada kasta Ruush Tatar-yaqaan, liiska oo ay ku jiraan barium Alibasov, Yuri Shevchuk, Dmitry Malikov, Sergei Shokurov, Marat Basharova, Chulpan Khamatova, Zemfira, Alsou, Timothy, oo magaciisa dhabta ah waa Timur Yunusov. Ka mid ah kuwii gabayaaga ahaa, fannaaniin, fannaaniin, weligoodna ma lagu lumin doonaa, oo kulligoodna waxay lahaan xididdada Tatar.

dalka Rich ee Tatarstan iyo ciyaartoyda fiican, oo magacyadoodiina waa ku qoran ma jirto hab aad u badan oo iyaga ka mid ah. Maxaa isboortiga ay matalaan, sida kor lagu sharaxay. Mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah waa lagu ammaanay ma aha oo kaliya magaca nooc ah, laakiin sidoo kale dalka oo dhan aad la leedahay taariikhda qadiimiga ah. Qaar badan oo iyaga ka mid ah sidoo kale waa magaca Tatar aad u qurux badan - Nigmatulin, Izmailov, Zaripov, Bilyaletdinov, Yakupov, Das Safin. Waayo, mid kasta oo ma aha oo kaliya tayada ay side, laakiin sidoo kale taariikh xiiso ka soo jeedo.