Taariikhda Asalraacnimadu. Hordhac of patriarchate ee Russia

Mid ka mid ah dhacdooyinka ugu weyn taariikhda Asalraacnimadu ahaa hordhaca ah ee patriarchate ee Russia. Koritaanka iyo saamaynta kiniisadda Ruush ee dunida Christian ayaa ugu cad loo calaamadeeyaa by dhammaadkii qarnigii XVI ka. Ciid abuuray ururka Ferrara-Florence, taas oo soo gabagabeeyey in qarnigii XV kiniisadda Byzantine la Vatican, ka dib markii taas weynta Ruush ah ayaa noqday mid madax banaan dooranayaan ay hierarch ugu horeysay. Waxaa intaa dheer, in 1453, ee Patriarchate of Constantinople ahaa in ku tiirsanaanta dhamaystiran oo ku saabsan kushiray Turkish. In this, waxay ahayd wax aan macquul aheyn in aan la arki siiya weyn Ilaah: Russia noqday gobolka Orthodox madax banaan oo kaliya.

Taariikhda hordhaca ah ee patriarchate ee Russia

Fikradda aad u of bixitaanka Patriarchate Moscow waxaa aad ula xiriira abuuritaanka autocephaly ee Church Ruush ah. Ka dib dhacay dilal Moscow ka Gariigta ah heshay aqoonsi madax bannaan, dunida oo dhan Orthodox aqoonsan qiimaha gaarka ah ee ROC sida ugu awood badan oo tiro badan.

Waxaa dhacay oo keliya ma helaan marag ka mid ah qiimaha ruuxiga ah ee Russia, laakiin sidoo kale in la xoojiyo iimaanka in tijaabooyin mustaqbalka waqtiyada adag ee rabshado ah. kaniisadda Ruush abuuri doonaa hal ruux awood iyo xoog dadka, taas oo iman doonaa dagaalka ka dhanka ah ee qalaad ee soo duulay iyo gardarada ku Catholic.

Qof kasta fahamsan yahay in waqti gaaban lagu dhawaaqi doonaa carshiga raggu ee Moscow. In xiriir this waxaa jiray xiisado la Patriarchate of Constantinople, kaas oo si ka xumaadeen by Russia ay sabab u tahay kala guurka ah si ay xaaladda autocephalous iyo ma doonayaan in ay u galin.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyada oo aan oggolaansho ka mid ah aynu ka soo farcannay awowe Eastern Metropolitan is lagaga dhawaaqi Ruush noqon lahayd arrin aan la aqbali karin oo sharci-darro ah. In caasimadda, boqorka si fudud loo sharciyeeyo xoog, laakiin abuuritaanka patriarchate ah, oo aan go'aan wanaagsan ah waaxaha primatial ahayd dhalanteed.

xaaladaha Historical keliya saamayn xoog on maamulka patriarchate ee Russia inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Fedor Ivanovich (ina Ioanna Groznogo). Fedor boqor ku ahaa (dhammaan wakhtiga intiisa badan wuxuu tukasho ku qaatay, oo uu barbaarinta Christian ma doonayaan in ay u timid inaad la xaqiiqooyinka adag ee nolosha siyaasadeed, iyadoo ay sabab u, magiciisii waxaa loo canonized), iyo Boris Godunov (walaalkiis naagtiisa boqorka Fedor Irina Godunov) garoomada.

Boris Godunov

nin hami ahaa Boris Godunov. Isla mar ahaantaana waxa uu ahaa halyay weyn, kuwaas oo abuuray barnaamij dib u habayn gobolka Ruush, taas oo kor u lahayd awoodda iyo sharafta. Nasiib darro, shirkadaan Godunov lahaa aasaaskii ruuxi ah oo xoog leh, oo inta badan amarada uu la toogtay iyadoo adeegsanayo aan la aqbali karin damiir (iyo wax kasta oo uu ku eedeeyay dilka Tsarevich Dmitry, in kastoo ay jiraan wax caddayn toos ah). Waxaa intaa dheer, dadka Ruush iyo aad ugu caydhoobeen ee dareenka ruuxiga ah iyo moral ka dib markii oprichnina, oo sidaas daraaddeed ka fog oo dhan qorshe wayn oo ah taliyayaal ay ahayd.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee Godunov ayaa doonay inay arkaan Russia sida xoogga weyn waxaana uu awood u xaalkii ansixinta patriarchate ka keeni ilaa dhamaadka.

laga bilaabo

Wajiga koowaad ee tababarka bilaabay booqasho uu ku Moscow ee 1586, ka Wadaad of Antiyokh oo Joakim. Tani waxay si firfircoon u daryeelo diblomaasiyiinta "Godunov". Laakiin ka hor inta uu soo booqday dibadda ee Western Russia oo wuxuu arkay ciribtir ee Catholic Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, kaas oo ku dhawaad dumay nolosha ka mid ah Church of Metropolis Kyiv ee (maalin ka hor oo ka mid ah Midowga reer Brest). Moscow ayaa regal, wuxuu arkay weynaantiisa runta ah iyo ammaan ee Rome Saddexaad. Wadaad Joachim la kulmay sharaf weyn iyo ixtiraam, waxa uu sidoo kale u yimid dawarsiga, sida uu waaxda lahaa siddeed kun oo dahab ah. Godunov ka faa'ideystay la joogo, oo waxay bilaabeen in ay fuliso qorshaha - hordhaca ah ee patriarchate ee Russia.

Moscow Metropolitan Diyonusiyos

Marka of Joakim ma siin isu yaqaan Moscow Metropolitan ahaayeen Diyonusiyos ki. Inta badan, wuxuuna ka mid ahaa in si hoose ula shaqeeyaan Godunov iyo ciyaaray seenyada loo. Wadaad diray in ay diiddo fikraddaas Cathedral ee Kremlin Moscow ee. Waxaa ka hor isaga oo dhan ay quruxda khamiisyo raaxo leh u muuqday in cibaadada Metropolitan ahaayeen Diyonusiyos ki, kuwaas oo ahaa barako hore ee Wadaad of Antiyokh, laakiin waxa uu si lama filaan ah ka qaaday dembi. Sadaqada-doonka ahaa kii primate dhabta ah ee Church weyn.

Halkan yimaado play Godunov, taas oo uu bilaabo inuu sameeyo wadahadalo qarsoodi ah la yeeshay Joachim, dulucda ugu weyn ee kaas - hordhaca ah ee patriarchate ee Russia. Date of this dhacdo weyn hore u ahaa mid aad u dhow. Joachim uunan diyaar u ahayn wada hadal, laakiin ballan qaaday in ay la soo farcannay Eastern tasho. Moscow xilligan la joogo ayaa ku qanacsan.

dagaal

Eraygii final ahayd Constantinople (Istanbul). Waxaa la horumariyo ka dhacdooyin aad u waaweyn. Mid ka mid kale ka dib markii afgembiyaa aynu ka soo farcannay ah, Oo dhafoorradaada indhashareertaada ku la boobay by Turkigu, lacagta oo dhan iskudhac. Cash iyo warqado Qaranimo Moscow meel laga badiyay.

Wadaad Konstantinopolskiy Ieremiya bilaabay inuu soo celiyo Wadaad cusub, laakiin lacag, waayo, isagu wuxuu sameeyey. Oo isna wuxuu go'aansaday inuu u dhaqmaan sida Joachim iyo sidoo kale u tageen inay Moscow gacan fidsan leh. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma uu garanaynin wuxuu ku saabsan wada hadalo hore oo ku saabsan abuurista patriarchate Moscow ee. Oo wax kasta oo bilaabay in ka badan mar kale: abuurey isla lagu ciyaaray, sidoo kale waxa ay ka horreeyay. Yeremyaah ku dhowaad waxay ahayd sannad xabsi guri deegaan raaxo leh dhagax cad.

Job awowe

Guud ahaan, kulankan wuxuu ahaa khaas ah, waayo, kiniisadda Ruush. dhibaatada haysata ka mid ah Patriarchate of Constantinople ciyaaray si wanaagsan ay u hordhaca ah ee Patriarchate ee Russia.

In Moscow, waqtigan, iyo sidoo kale in Istanbul, waxaa jiray qaar ka mid ah isbedel. Godunov dejiyey Metropolitan Diyonusiyos ee 1587 ee la xidhiidha shirqool ku boyar, mucaaradka dalbadeen furriin Tsar Fedor la joogayaa naagtiisa Irinoy Godunovoy sababta oo ah dhalmo la'aan.

Diyonusiyos ki ka dhacay Rostov Archbishop Ayuub, iyadoo ay sabab u January 23 (February 2), 1589 , wuxuu noqon doonaa ugu horeysay Wadaad of All Russia. Xataa in our time, 1989, oo magiciisa la canonized doonaa.

In 1721 Peter waan buriyey patriarchate ah, waayo, kaasu waa la dhisi doonaa oo kaliya in 1917 at Golaha Deegaanka iyo doortay in awowe ee St. Tikhon ah. Dabadeedna wuxuu noqon doonaa adag tahay muddada Ruush Church Bolshevik. dhimashada Tikhon ka dib markii mar cathedral ma waxaa fuliyey. Kaliya ee 1943 waxa ay noqotay suurto gal ah, iyo primate oo ka mid ah Church Orthodox Ruush noqday taliye Sergiyos Bawlos (Starogorodskiy). Wadaad Kirill noqday awowe 16aad oo isku xigta Russia.

Sayidka, hordhaca ah ee rasmiga ah ee patriarchate ee Russia (sanadka 1589) lagu qabtay qarnigii 16aad.