Steel R6M5: sifooyinka, codsiga

Daawaha element kooxda siddeedaad oo wakhtiyeysan ee Mendeleyev System of qaaradda tirada 26 (iron) la carbon oo kale qaar ka mid ah xubno si caadi ah loo yaqaan birta. Waxay leedahay xoog sare iyo qalbi engegnaantooda, ka maqan ductility iyo qalleyf sabab u carbon. xubno Alloying kordhin sifooyinka wanaagsan ee daawaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee steel waxaa loo arkaa inay wax macdan ah taas oo ka kooban ugu yaraan 45% birta ah.

Tixgeli daawaha ah sida bir R6M5, oo barta sifooyinka waxa ay leedahay iyo in meelaha waxaa loo isticmaalaa.

Manganese sida element ah alloying

Ilaa qarnigii XIX oo lagu daweeyo Biraha non-ferrous iyo qoriga isticmaalo steel carbon ah. sifooyinka goynta Her waayo, taasu waa arrin ku filan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka la isku dayayo in la farsameeyo qaybaha steel qalab kululeeyo ilaa si dhakhso ah duugoobin oo xitaa ay maroorsamaan.

metallurgist Ingiriisi Robert Myushett marayo tijaabo lagu ogaaday in si uu ugu caddeeyo daawaha more raagaya, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in aad ku darto oxidant ah, oo isaga ka soo xad-dhaaf ah oksijiin ka xoreyn doono. The kabka steel Steel dar muraayad bir ah, oo ay ku qoran manganese. Tan iyo waa element alloying ah, boqolkiiba waa in aan ka badnayn 0.8%. Sayidka, steel R6M5 kooban ka soo 0.2% ilaa 0.5% manganese.

bir tungsten

Horeba 1858 on saarka ee Alloys la tungsten shaqeeyay saynisyahano iyo metallurgists badan. Waxay ogaa in tani ay tahay mid ka mid ah macdanaha ugu adkaadeen. waxay intaa ku daray in ay birta sida element alloying ah loo ogol yahay si ay u helaan daawaha ah in u adkeysan karaan heerkulka sare oo uusan xiran kuma soo baxo.

Steel R6M5 ku jira 5.5-6.5% tungsten. Alloys la jira inta badan bilaabaan xarafka "P" iyo waxa loo yaqaan-xawaaraha sare. Steel markii ugu horaysay la diyaariyey ee 1858 godu Myushettom ka kooban 9% tungsten, 2.5% manganese iyo 1.85 carbon. Later, isagoo intaa ku daray dheeraad ah 0.3% C a, 0,4% CR oo ay ka saareen% Mn 1,62, W 3,56%, metallurgist helay daawaha yeedhay Samokaev (P6M5). Sida laga soo xigtay dabeecadihiisa, sidoo kale waa la mid ah steel P18 ah.

deficiency of tungsten

Dabcan, 1860, markii dad badan oo ka mid ah xubno ka ahaayeen tiro badan oo ka buuxa, steel tungsten dheeriga ah waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay ugu raagaya. Waqti ka, element this ee dabiiciga ah waa uu ku yar, iyo qiimaha ay u sameeyeen waxaa sii kordhaya.

Laga soo bilaabo barta dhaqaale of view in lagu daro xaddi weyn oo W ee birta waxay noqotay shaqayn karto. Sababtan awgeed, steel R6M5 jecel yahay dadka wax badan ka weyn yahay P18. Ka dib markuu arkay in ay Halabuurka kiimikada, waxa aan arki karnaa in content tungsten ee P18 - 17-18,5%, halka, sida in daawaha tungsten-molybdenum ah - ilaa ugu badnaan 6.5%. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, waxa ay kor u soo bandhigaan samokale in 0,25% copper iyo ilaa 5.3% molybdenum.

xubno kale alloying

Intaa waxaa dheer in ay carbon kor ku xusan, manganese, tungsten iyo molybdenum, steel R6M5 kale oo ku jira in ay ka kooban Cobalt ee (0.5%), chromium (4.4%), copper (0,25%), vanadium (2.1%) fosfooraska (0.03%), baaruud (0.025%), Silicon nickel (0.6%) (0.5%). Maxay tahay sababta ay loo baahan yahay?

Mid kasta oo ka element ka alloying leedahay shaqo gaar ah. Tusaale ahaan, chromium waxaa looga baahan yahay lagala kulmo kaamerada, iyo nickel kordhiyaa nafwaayay ah. Molybdenum iyo vanadium shiidaa tirtiro brittleness ka dib markii tempering. Qaar ka mid ah xubno ka alloying sida loo hagaajiyo sifooyinka steel sida engegnaantiinna cas iyo qalbi engegnaantooda kulul.

Steel R6M5, sifooyinka oo aynu ka yihiin waxbarashada, gobolka waa sii qallafiyey ayaa engegnaantiinna ah HRC 66 heerkulka imtixaanka 600 ° C. a Taas macnaheedu waa in xitaa la kululaynta xoog ma waayi sifooyinka of xoog iyo, sidaas darteed, ma xirtaan kuma soo baxo oo uusan deform.

Doorshadan R6M5

steel sharaxaad ku xiran tahay sida loo dhigay, oo ay ku jiraan xubno ka alloying oo ka kooban carbon badan. Wixii noocyada kala duwan waxay leeyihiin tilmaamood iyaga u gaar ah. Haddii, tusaale ahaan, daawaha ka kooban yahay xubno ka alloying, waxaa muujinaysaa "cm" iyo tirada soo socota, taas oo muujinaysaa content carbon celcelis ahaan in birta (St20, St45).

The Alloys horeysay low-alloyed waa boqolkiiba carbon, ka dibna warqadda midani waxyaalaha kiimikada (10HSND, 20HN4FA). Haddii intii iyaga ku xigtayna, sida tusaale ahaan, waxaa jira tiro ka mid ah tirooyinka - waxaa loola jeedaa waxyaabaha mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah aan ka badnayn 1%. xarafka "R" ee stamp daawaha waxay muujinaysaa in ay tahay HSS a (degdeg).

waxaa Behind waxaa jira tiro ka mid ah - waa boqolleyda tungsten (P9, P18), iyo dheeraad ah, ayaa warqado iyo tirooyinka - waa xubno alloying ah iyo boqolkiiba. Laga soo bilaabo tan u socota in steel xawaaraha sare R6M5 kor ku qoran in 6% tungsten iyo ilaa 5% molybdenum.

annealing

Sida caadiga ah, wax soo saarka ee daawaha sida classical iyo codsatay in ay dhan steels-xawaaraha sare. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa in la dhasha maskaxda ku haysaa in si ay u daawaha tungsten-molybdenum ahaa run ahaantii waara, adag oo waarta, waa in la annealed.

Haddii wata magac kale, tusaale ahaan, ST45, lumin guryaha xoog ay inta lagu guda jiro annealing, ku-xawaaraha sare, on lid ku ah, waxaa lagu wanaajiyaa oo noqday xoog iyo ka badan oo adag. Taasi waa sababta R6M5 annealed hor adkaansho. Sidee tani u dhici?

Kiro (tus, web "steel R6M5") ee ku saabsan 22 mm foorno gaar ah waa kuleelka si heerkul ah 870 ° C, ka dibna la qaboojiyey ilaa 800 ° C, ka dibna mar kale kululeeyo. wareegyada noocan oo kale ah waxay noqon kartaa ilaa 10.

Intaas waxaa sii dheer, ka dib markii loo baahdo shanaad si loo yareeyo heerkulka si tartiib tartiib ah. Tusaale ahaan, laakiin mar dambe kulaylinta in 850 ° C waxaa la qaboojiyey in 780 ° C. Oo sidaas daraaddeed on ilaa ay ka gaarayso heer 600 ° C.

nidaamka noocan oo kale ah oo adag annealing sabab u ah joogitaanka ee badar austenite in daawaha doped, oo waa heer sare ah loo baahnayn. Kululaynta iyo qaboojinta qabano kala diri xubno alloying, laakiin austenite ma kori doono.

Haddii aadan u adkeysan heerkulka oo wuxuu oofin annealing heerkulka ka weyn 900 ° C, xaddiga korodhka austenite waxaa la aasaasay iyo qalbi engegnaantooda daawaha hoos. Qaboojinta waxaa lagu talinayaa in la isticmaalo qubeyska saliidda, kaasaa badbaadin doona ka dildilaaca daawaha tungsten-molybdenum iyo nadkoly.

Habka wax soo saarka R6M5

Dabcan, sida daawaha kasta oo kale, R6M5 soo saaray in tirada kala duwan. Sidaas darteed, in dukaamada qaar ka mid steel kulul-xawaaraha lagu tuuray goosimo. At kale waa wax soo saarka ee kiradiisii kulul-giringiriyey. Si arrintan loo sameeyo, Qataarradii kulul crimped u dhexeeya duub ah dhagax rogid. Its qaab waa la helay waxay ku xirnaan doontaa qaabka ay isu fallaadhihii ah.

steel Brand R6M5 ballaaran loo isticmaalo qaybo ka hawlgala at heerkulka sare. Sababtan awgeed, sannadihii la soo dhaafay hab aad loo jecel yahay ee samaynta steel waa budo.

Marka daatay ee goosimo bir kulul, waa roobab aad u deg deg ah ee carbides ka dhalaalid ah. Meelaha qaarkood, ay u sameeyaan gobolka a non-uniform of kutlada, kaas oo mustaqbalka waa ku dhashay ee dildilaaca.

Markii soo saaridda ee budada ah, budo gaar ah, dhammaan qaybaha loo baahan yahay ay joogaan in Halabuurka in. Its sintered gaar ah weel vacuum leh heerkul sare iyo cadaadiska. Taasina waxay keentaa in xaqiiqda ah in wax jirsado dhqaalaha.

codsiga

Steel R6M5 si weyn loo isticmaalaa in warshado kala duwan. Inta badan waxaa la isticmaalaa soo saaridda of jarida qalab loogu talagalay jeestay, mashiinada axdi qarameedka iyo qodista in industry ee. Tan waxa u sabab ah sifooyinka of xoog, caabiga kulaylka, darantahay ingeega, ay.

Sida caadiga ah, waxaa la mid ah oo dhoollatus ka sameeyey, qasabadaha, dhinto, kuwaasoo ah kuwa qora. Goynta steel qalab R6M5 weyn u jarida xawaare sare, marka lagu daro, uma baahna qaboojiye Gomel. R6M5 mindi steel - waxay sidoo kale ma aha wax aan caadi ahayn.

Tan iyo daawaha tungsten-molybdenum ayaa engegnaantiinna sare oo ku nafwaayay sare, waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa for soo saaridda ee garbaha gacmo xoog iyo astaamaha u qurux badan.

Alloying xubno xaddiga loo baahan yahay loo ogol yahay in la abuuro steel u gaar ah, kaas oo ku dhowaad ma miridhku ma waxayna leedahay grindability wanaagsan. Tani waxay u ogolaaneysaa for shaqada tuubooyinka kordhay xawaaraha goynta by 4 jeer.

Waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa wax soo saarka ee saa'idka kubada kulaylka u adkaysta shaqeeya xawaaraha sare ee heerkulka a of 500-600 ° C. Analogues R6M5 daawaha yihiin P12 R10K5F5, R14F4, R9K10, R6M3, R9F5, R9K5, R18F2, 6M5K5. Haddii Alloys tungsten-molybdenum guud ahaan loo isticmaalo soo saarta qalab lagu soo gurya (carbinta, dawo la'aan jaraya), vanadium ah (R14F4) dhameysteen (howlgal, broaching). Waa in ay jiraan on qalab kasta goynta sixitaanka kuu ogolaanayaa inaad ogaato waxa uu ka dhigay out of daawaha.