"Smart": isku micne, hooska macnaha, isticmaalka baaxadda erayada

The qaninimada iyo shacuurta ah luqad kasta waa go'an yahay ma aha oo kaliya by tirada erayada in ay ka kooban, laakiin sidoo kale meelaha ay u isticmaalaan, noocyo kala duwan oo semantic awoodaha israacinayo,, iyo sidoo kale hab of formation of calaamadihii cusub oo ku saleysan oo ka mid ah kuwa hadda jira. isgaarsiinta isku iyo antonymous iyo madmadowga ifafaale qaabka sidoo kale qayb ka ah horumarinta luqadda. Sababo la xiriira fursadaha ay u baaxad weyn, af Ruush waa nool, dhaqaaqin arrin ka jawaabaan oo dhan geeddi socodka ka dhacaya bulshada iyo iyaga oo muujineysa. Sidaa darteed unbaa loo arkaa in nolosha dadka ku muuqata in meesha ugu horeysa, iyagoo afkiisa ku.

Maxay ka dhigan tahay in ay "smart"?

Mid ka mid ah fikradaha aasaasiga ah ee lexicology - kelinimada iyo madmadowga. Shaqaalaha ayaa lagu ogaaday in eray kasta waxay noqon kartaa mid ama ka badan qiimaha semantic, ugu weyn ee kaas oo lagu tilmaamay in qaamuusyo ah. Muujin macne ay ka caawisaa deegaanka safafka isku macnaha. Qaado, tusaale ahaan, ereyga "smart". darina micne la doorto "on dhaqaaqo" - og. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa aanu ka tarjumaya tiro badan oo ah qiyamka, iyo qayb ka mid yar. Dhab ahaantii, ururka erayga badan.

Sheeko ku saabsan King

In qoraa Hans Christian Andersen Qisada cirfiid caanka ah waxaa ostrosatiricheskoy aan wax laga qaban wax badan carruurta sida dadka waaweyn - oo ku saabsan nin boqor ah oo u muuqday dadka qaawan ka hor. dhar tolida, khaa'inno u sheegay in poshyut kooxda cajiib ah oo arrintan, taas oo ka arki kartaa oo kaliya xariif ah (isku kiiskan - meel ay) dadka. Midkoodna qofka August, mana ka timi ma rabto in aad qirto in iyagu ma ay arkaan iyo xadhig in gacmaha tuugo. Ka dib oo dhan, cidina ma doonayso in ay gudbaan nacas, kursi ama carshi kale Wasiirka fadhiya. Waxa ay ahayd oo keliya ilmaha, nafta iyo maanka oo ahaa kuwo aad u daacad ah oo lama filaan ah, ha ka baqin inuu aad u qayliyo in boqorkii - qaawan! Tusaale ahaan Tani tilmaamay inay hadh kale oo macnaha erayga "smart", taas oo ah isku micne ah - "daacad ah, run ah, oo qurxoon, daacad ah."

data Qadiimiga ah

Isku day in aad sida calaamo wuxuu soo galay our hadalka. Sida laga soo xigtay qaamuuska Vasmer, ka timaado qaab Slavonic ee "um." Waa sababta oo ah afka salka, caadi ah in dadyowga Slavic oo dhan, oo halkaasna waxaa joogay erayga jir Ruush "um", Old Slavonic duwanaansho, ka dibna Ruush, Ukraine, Belarus, iwm Leeyihiin erayada "smart" iyo isku xidid Laatiin - «aumuõ», taas oo ah, maanka, iyo «aumenis» - «xusuusta», iyo sidoo kale arrin xiriir waxtar leh oo xididdada ay Old Slavonic.

Digression on qaamuusyo

Haddaba ka fiirsada sida calaamo waxaa lagu daaweeyaa in qaamuusyo ah. Tani waxay kaa caawin doonaa jaraan hooska macnaha iyo fursado suuragal ah in ay la isticmaalo in hadalka, suugaanta, iwm

• Bal aan ka bilowno qaamuuska, edited by Efrayim. In waxa fasiraadda erayga siiyey oo ku saleysan in ay qayb ka mid ah sahayda hadalka. Tusaale ahaan, haddii aan ka fiirsan yaalka "smart", macnaheeda waa sida soo socota :. "Kii qalbigiisu cad, caaqil, wanaagsan ' Haddii sida magac, waxaa xiriir la leeyahay magac u dhigma "caaqil -. A nin / xariif, sancada xoolaha" Tani waa qiimaha tooska ah. Laakiin waxaa sidoo kale waa la qaadi karo. Sida laga soo xigtay isaga si, Lewis "smart" - xirfad leh (caqli badan gacmaha), caqli (computer mashiinka smart), cilmiga miyirkiisu dhan.
• Collegiate Collegiate Dictionary - waa in hadalka lagu fasiraa sida "isagoo ahaayeen, dareenka caadiga ah, miyir." Tusaale ahaan: "Teemaa, noqon smart, ma kala diri!"
• Kuznetsova The dictionary duwan qiimaha of calaamadii, taas oo ku xidhan, kuwaas waxaa u hadalka ah - oo ku saabsan qofka ama xayawaanka. Xaaladda hore, fasiraadda sida "xariif ah - qof qaba dareen caadi ah," labaad - ". Smart, caaqil" Tusaale ahaan, a "gabar smart", "cat xariif ah." qiimaha bilowga asal ahaan waa. isla derivative Sare u dhiganta sharaxaad ah "smart -. dhashay maanka, heerka xisaabta, waxbarashada" Tusaalayaal: "film caqli - wargelin ah; wax smart - macquul ah ".
• Mid ka mid ah publications luqadaha ugu ixtiraamo oo asaasi ah - Dictionary Ozhegova iyo Shvedova. fasiraadda erayada waxa ku jira "smart" u dhow fasiraadda Kuznetsova. Magac ahaan, aasaasiga ah :. "Smart - isagoo maanka ama ku muujinayaa in uu" Tusaale ahaan, a "muuqaalka smart, qof, mentor ah." In dareenka tusaale ah waxa laga yaabaa in "warqadda smart", "hadalka caaqil". macnaha Sare: "a maanka macquul abuuray" - "fal xariif ah."

Lammaane oo micne ah iyo antonyms

Falanqaynta of macnaha keli ee erayga aan xiiso u noqon lahaa aan dhameystirneyn oo aan la tixgelinayo links ay isku iyo antonyms qaabka. Si ay iyaga la aqoonsado, mar kale waxaan ka codsanaynaa in qaamuusyo. Waa maxay isku micne ah ee erayga "smart" Hanuuniyaa bixiyaan? Tani "caaqil," "doqon," "kuwa caqliga leh," "kuwa caqliga leh," "caaqil," "caaqil," "smyshlony", "fikirka" sheekaysanayo "cuntid", "cuntid", "cuntid". Dhamaan iyaga ka mid ah la wadaagaan Sema "joogitaanka ee maskaxda" caadi ah. Sidaas daraaddeed, Griboyedov ee majaajilada ah "Waxaa iska hoogay ka Wit" FAMUSOV ku hadla ee Chatsky in uu "madaxa yar / qoro ammaan badan, turjumo." Tusaale kale synonymization duwanyihiin - "madaxa garbihiisa." sarbeeb Upotreblonny in dareen tusaale ah (hadal sarbeebeed caadiga ah), waxay fulisaa macnaha la mid ah: "Man ma idlaan doonaan nolosha adduun, haddii waxa uu leeyahay madaxa garbihiisa. Laga soo bilaabo wax soo saarka boos ka heli doontaa xabbad kibis ah oo had iyo jeer soo saari doonaa. " Sida antonyms, ka dibna iyagu waa cad yahay: "doqon," "doqon," "illoobina," "unready", "doqon", "oo madaxii laga jaray".