Habilis faaftay - sifooyinka iyo hab nololeed awowayaashayo

Dadka ugu badan ee qadiimiga ah ... Waa maxay ahaayeen waxay? In Africa iyo koonfurta Eurasia helay fossils of hominids wakiilada qoyska, kuwaas oo ku noolaa oo ku saabsan 2 milyan oo sano ka hor iyo ka hor oo ku nool gobollada kala duwan ee dhulkeenna. Kooxdan waxaa ka mid ah nin ku anfacaya, ama habilis Australopithecus. Waa helaa khalqiga lafo ka tirsan hablilis faaftay noocyada, asal ahaan iyo ehelnimo ay la hominids kale xanaajiyeen dood kulul oo dhex paleoanthropologists.

Laga helay dooxada Olduvai iyo meelaha kale ee Africa

Waxaa oo dhan waxay bilaabeen la ogaaday paleoanthropologists qoyska Leakey ah. ka ab Dhowr tan iyo 1930 hogaaminayo raadinta awowayaashiin aadanaha ee Africa. In xagaagii 1960 at Olduvai taal ee waqooyi-galbeed Tansaaniya, Dzhonatan Liki oo isaga saaxiibbadiis ah ka heleen fossils ay leeyihiin ilmo of 11-12 sano. lafaha jiifay dalka reer 1.75 milyan oo sano. Qaab dhismeedka Features cagta cadeyneysaa in ay jiraan si toos ah ay ahaayeen hadda. hominid New loo magacaabay Prezinjanthropus ugu horeysay, laakiin dhawr sano ka dib waxaa jiri doona muddo kale sayniska - "nin ku anfacaya". magaca noocyada The loola jeedaa isticmaalka qalabka dhagax heer hoose laga helay meel u dhow lafaha ee layers dhulka ee isku. In Kenya ee 1961, koox saynisyahano ayaa dhiraandhiriyeen hadhaagii hominids in noolaa Africa 1,6-2,33 milyan oo sano ka hor. tijaabooyinka More dhameystiran laga helay 1972 dhow Lake Turkana. Natiijooyinka Age ahaa 1.9 milyan oo sano jir. excavations New weli ma caddeeyo sawirka oo dhan.

Dadka ugu badan ee qadiimiga ah. habilis faaftay

Qaar ka mid ah awoowe lafo markii laga helay Olduvai dooxada, loo isticmaalo laba magacyada - hablilis Australopithecus iyo hablilis faaftay. Tani waxa ay ahayd sabab u ah shaki ah in ka mid ah oo ku saabsan paleoanthropologists qaraabonimo la hominids kale jirin. Cilmi-Qaar ka mid ah waxay aaminsan yihiin noocan ah awoowe ugu horeysa ee aadanuhu casriga ah. Leakey helay habilis faaftay u socon karin, oo luga hora, sida dadkaaga oo casri ah. Waxaa laga yaabaa in uu habeenkii ku qaatay in geedaha, nasanayso laamaha iyo bahal baxsaday. Waxaa la soo jeediyay in H. hablilis waa awoowe ah erectus faaftay. Waxaa jiray khubaro kuwaas oo uu sheegay in ummadda laga helay iska leh panulirus Australopithecus ah, wakiillo ka mid ah oo u noqday bakhtiyeen oo aan ka helay caalamka oo ku saabsan 1 milyan oo sano. Sababta kala duwanaanshaha waa saynisyahano malo qaldo in horumar aadanaha Toosan. Muddo dheer waxa la filayay, in mid ka mid ah noocyada of koroowga siinta asaasmeen kale. Later, fikrad ah ee ku saabsan wada-noolaanshaha ay suurtogal tahay in noocyada dhowr ah ee la soo dhaafay of hominids sida Australopithecus iyo aadanuhu. Waxaa jiray sawir ka sii adag ee horumar aadanaha, ka badan mid ka mid ah in jirey bilowgii iyo badhtamihii qarnigii la soo dhaafay.

habilis faaftay. muuqaalka sifo

Sida laga soo xigtay qaar badan oo ka mid ah muuqaalada xubnaha ay bannaanka ka mid ah noocyada ugu H. hablilis garabaka Australopithecus. Waxay u ekayd apelike ah, taasi oo ka tarjumaysa jir gaaban oo dheer, ku deldesheen oo hoos jilbaha addimada sare, size ee u dhigma lugaha. Waxaa jira talooyin in A. afarensis, ku noolaa in ka badan 3 milyan oo sano ka hor, ayaa waxaa awoowe si toos ah hablilis H.. dhawaanshaha noocan ah inay line ugu weyn ee horumar aadanaha waxaa xaqiijiyay dhismeedka caan ku dhaladii. Koritaanka ee labka ahaa oo ku saabsan 1.5-1.6 m, miisaanka jidhka - oo ku saabsan 45 kg, dheddigga ahaayeen hoose. Features in la kala saaro hablilis H. ka Australopithecus:

• maskaxda weyn;
• ilkaha yar;
• sanka oo caan ah,
• wiiqmin dabacsan,
• wakiilada awoodda dhakada of hablilis H. noocyada ahaa 630-700 ^cm3.

Nololeed iyo faaftay nafaqada habilis

isbedelka Habitat keeni karaa muuqaalka kore ee qaababka kala duwan ee la qabsiga qaab-dhismeedka jirridda, addimada, habka dheefshiidka. Helay oo ay la socdaan fossils lafaha hominids xoolaha, manka, qalab heer hoose ah u muujiyaan in dadkuba kuwaas cunay hilibka iyo sidoo kale miro, cayayaanka iyo dhirta. Erayga "xirfad leh" in magaca ugu horreeya ee qofka lagu gartaa dhismeedka burush gaar ah loo habeeyey si ay u qabsadaan qalabka.

Lafaha qabka jebiyey ugu da'da weyn soo saaro dhuuxa nafaqo leh ka gudaha, difaaca marka la isku daro ka bahal iyo baaritaan cuntada. Waxaa jira cadaymo muujinaya in soo jeedisay in ka dibna wuxuu ku dhex ragga iyo dumarka kala qaybsamay ka mid ah shaqada.

dabaqa Strong bixiyay hilib, halka dheddigga ayaa goostay waxyaabaha dhirta. Acquired sifooyin akhlaaqda waxtar u leh badbaadada ee ah xaaladaha deegaanka beddelo.

Soo saaridda iyo sida loo isticmaalo qalabka

Tools of habilis faaftay ahaayeen dhagax, si qallafsan u qaabeysan. Hominids loo isticmaalaa sida faasas iyo scrapers quruurux, cobbles, iyo burbur lafta ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu qodo xididada dhulka ka soo bixiyey. Stones, qoryo laga yaabaa in ay ahayd qalabka ugu weyn ee soo saaridda qalabka iyo ilaalinta ka bahal.

Scrapers la geesaha fiiqan ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu jaray hilibkii, jarida seedaha, hargahood oo nadiif ah. Culimada qaarkood ayaa soo jeedinaya in alaabta ugu horeysay ahaayeen natiijada sababaha dabiiciga ah. Biyaha, dabaysha, nabaad loola dhaqmo waxyaabo dabiici ah, halkii habilis faaftay gacanta ka badan. Maadaama uu waxbarashada cqaadir shaaca ka qaaday xagashada iyo grooves ah oo ku saabsan in dhagaxyo kale - qalab oo halkaas samaynta qalabka.

isbedelka cimilada iyo horumar ah ee hominids

Inta lagu jiro muddada of qaboojinta ka dhacay Safra ama bari ka badan 3 milyan oo sano ka hor, kaymaha kulaylaha qadiimiga ah waxaa lagu bedelay savanna. Waxaa jira cadaymo muujinaya in horumar ah ee xayawaanka Bariga iyo Koonfurta Africa ayaa la xidhiidha isbedelka cimilada, kuwaas oo.

primate Baydka lagama maarmaan ahayd in la helo ilo dheeraad ah oo cunto ah, la siiyo awood dheeraad ah oo ka badan miraha iyo xididdada duurjoogta ah. Mid ka mid ah laan ka mid ah horumar siiyey kor u Australopithecus, nin duurgal line this sii. ah ee hominids kale uu ahaa natiijo horumarka dhinaca isticmaalka geedka ma aha oo kaliya, laakiin sidoo kale cuntada xoolaha. feature ugu weyn ee guurka ka Australopithecus dadkii ku waa soo saaridda qalabka heer hoose ah iyo in la kordhiyo awoodda cranial.

Qaraabonimo faaftay habilis la hominids kale lafo

Bipedal bipedal primate hablilis H. noocyada on muuqaalka waa ku dhowaad isku mid ah in A. afarensis, kuwaas oo la wadaago asal ahaan. In qaybta dhexe ee Shiinaha laga helay qalab iyo lafihii hominids ka weyn 1.9 milyan oo sano. hadhaagii kale ee H. noocyada hablilis laga helay goobaha qaddiimiga ah ee Tansaaniya, Kenya, Sterkfontein. Waxyaabihii cadeeyo noocyada baahsan ee Africa iyo Asia.

Waxaa macquul ah in koorsada of 0.5 milyan oo sano on meeraha waqti isku mid ah co-jirey Australopithecus, faaftay erectus, habilis iyo shaqada. Farqiyada u dhexeeya noocyada aad u yar tahay, waxay keeni karaan qaab nololeed oo kala duwan, ka dadbaya kala duwan niches dhawrista. In faaftay Joogaba, jirka erectus ahaayeen ayaa ku dhow inay ku soo koobin mid ah sapiens H., laakiin waxay ahayd sanka more caan ah oo aan ahayn erectus H. noocyada. hominids bakhtiyeen;

• habilis faaftay;
• erectus faaftay (erectus faaftay);
• h Rudolf gudubno (H. rudolfensis) .;
• h Joorijiyaan (H. georgicus) .;
• h. shaqaalaha (H. egaster).

Dhig qofka xirfad horumar ah ee sapiens faaftay

Sanado badan maskaxda paleoanthropologists waa su'aasha ah ee awoowayaasha toos ah aadanaha oo casriga ah. Qofka xirfad iska leh iyaga? Sida australopithecines ah, ugu dadka ugu horeeya si ay u cunaan nuts, miraha iyo xididdada. Laakiin waxay awoodaan in ay soo saaraan qalab iyo iyaga oo isticmaalaya in ay soo saaraan ay cuntada xoolaha gaar ah ahaayeen. Wakiilka da'da faaftay panulirus ah - H. erectus - ma waxaa iska leh Australopithecus. Waxay ahayd awoowe ugu horeysay si toos ah nin casriga ah, taas oo muran badan ka dib, saynisyahano ku lug leh nooca qof (faaftay) qoyska ka mid ah hominids. hadhaagii lafaha iyo erectus qalab H. la helay ma aha oo kaliya in Africa laakiin sidoo kale in Asia iyo Europe. Isla mar ahaantaana waxaa jiray erectus faaftay, taas oo ay ansixiyeen hab ka kaamilsan inay ku dhagxiyaan, samaynta qalabka. Ninka ka shaqeeya ahaa Carnivore ah iyo sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa in dhagaxyo, qoryo, lafaha daweeyo sida qalab heer hoose ah.