Serapion Brothers: taariikhda iyo sawiro

Ka dib markii kacdoonkii October iyo February in la geeyay dalka weyn dhinaca ka soo horjeeda, ubax ee deg deg ah ee dhammaan noocyada modernismen farshaxanka bilaabay in Russia. koox suugaaneed "Serapion Brothers" waxay ahayd muddo kooban ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka tagay ay ku ganaya ee taariikhda iyo suugaanta, iyo nolosha gaarka ah ee mid kasta oo ka mid ah xubnihiisa. dhaleeceynta ah "Serapion" hadhay oo ilaa wakhtigii dhammaaday. In ka 1920 hore u mid ka mid ah ururada suugaanta ugu caansan ahaa, ka safafka ay ahaayeen qorayaasha sida Mikhail Zoshchenko, Veniamin Kaverin, Lev Luntz, Vsevolod Ivanov, Mikhail Slonimsky. Huwadeen on jid toosan, ku tiraab iyo Soviet dhallinyarada si deg deg ah lagu gubay, "Serapion Brothers" weli oo daari doona habab cusub oo qorayaasha kale oo badan.

prehistory

In 1919, marka guriga soo bandhiga "Suugaanta World" waxaa la abuuray Suugaanta Translation Studio. Si dhakhso ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, shirka ka mid ah dadka dhallinyarada ah kuwaas oo u yimid si ay u bartaan farshaxanka this, wuxuu bilaabay inuu dhamaystiran. Ka hadalka ku saabsan suugaanta, xirfad ah ee qoraaga iyo nuxurka tahay waa content ugu weyn ee shirka. Si dhakhso ah, waxay loo beddelaa studio suugaanta. bilaabaha ee ay ururka ahaa Nikolai Gumilyov, iyo maamulka la wareegay Chukovski. Andrey Bely, N. Zamyatin, Chukovsky, Gumilev, Shklovsky la sameeyay kulamada siminaaro iyo muxaadarooyin. Tirada dadka taabacsan shirilos iyo sannadkii 1920 ahaa 350 qof. Qorayaasha, oo si dhow u ahaa gudaha studio ah, kala abuuray kooxda "Serapion Brothers". Xubnaha ururka this shaaca ka qaaday in aanay dugsi suugaanta, laakiin kaliya bulshada ee dhaleeceeya, qorayaasha iyo gabayaaga, lala by views caadi on content ee farshaxanka.

Poetics magacaabo ururka suugaanta

Haddii aanay ahayn buug sheekooyin gaaban "Serapion Brothers" (Hoffmann), kaas oo wakhti dheer ah ku jiifa miiska publisher ee, magaca Commonwealth of qorayaasha dhallinyarada waxaa laga yaabaa kala duwan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa soo baxday in in habayn la mabda'a ugu muhiimsan ee kooxda. In buugga Hoffmann ka kooban 22 story, ayaa sheegay sheekada ah koox ka mid ah asxaabta kulan ka dib markii uu kala dheer. Mid ka mid ah sheegayaa in uu kulan la Tirada waalan, oo aaminsan in dabeecada milaratigooda oo ah xaqiiqada. Diidmada xaqiiqada, daryeel-abuurka free dunida uu ka samaysan yahay fikradda aasaasiga ah ee shaqada this, waa ugu fiican ee lagu gartaa rabitaanka oo ka mid ah qorayaasha dhallinyarada.

Yaa yihiin qorayaasha ah? "Serapion Brothers": liiska ka qaybgalayaasha

Ku dhawaad isla markiiba ka dib markii ay abuurka, soo dhaweynta ee kooxda suugaanta xubnaha cusub joogsadeen. Midkii kowaad wuxuu u - iyo liiska ugu dambeeya ee ka qaybgalayaasha ayaa la derdertay in sawir ee 1921. Waxay shaabadeeyey Lev Luntz, Nikolai Nikitin, Mikhail Slonimsky, Ilya Gruzdev, Konstantin Fedin, Vsevolod Ivanov, Mikhail Zoshchenko, Veniamin Kaverin, Elizabeth Polonskaya, Nikolai Tikhonov. Qiyaastii si ay qaaday kooxda. Qaar ka mid ah cilmibaadhayaasha ka mid ah ka qaybgalayaasha iyo Viktora Shklovskogo yihiin, inkastoo uu shaqada loo arkaa meel ka baxsan awoodda sharci ee ururada kasta.

content ee shirarka Serapions

group "Serapion Brothers" meel suugaanta shirarka si ay u doortaan qol Slonimsky. Uu image xataa noqday calaamad u ah kooxda. naqdiya suugaanta isku raaceen in shirka ka dhacay on Saturday, inkasta oo sida xaqiiqada ah taageerayaasha kulmi karaan iyo maalin kale ee toddobaadka. At shirarka, waxaan ka akhrisan shuqullada ka mid ah xubnaha kooxda, kuwaas oo lagaga doodi doonaa si faahfaahsan oo ba'an. Qorayaasha ku dooday ku saabsan tahay, ka fiirsaneysa inay siyaabo cusub oo horumarinta suugaanta. Waxaad u malayn karaa in wadahadalada ay ahaayeen kulul iyo dareenka.

ilaalshay bixitaanka

The Serapions kaliya ururinta si wadajir ah la sii daayay 1922. Waa la sii daayay in Russia, iyo dambe ee Berlin, kaabaya Qodobka I. Gruzdev "wejiga iyo maaskarada." Xitaa ka hor inta sii daayo ee aqooneed ee xagga shuqullada by xubnaha "Serapion Brothers" ayaa si fiican u yaqaan in wareegyada suugaanta. Waxaa ka mid ah kooxo ay ka fiirsaday Gorky, taas oo ah cad ka waraaqo la Shklovsky. Waxa uu ahaa oo ceyrisay xiiso u sii daayo waxyaabaha cusub, oo wuxuu siiyey marks mid aad u sarreeya.

Waxaa kale oo badan joojiyey Tynyanov. In uu article "Serapion walaalo ah. Almanakka waxaan »wuxuu qeexayaa ururinta sida tallaabo ugu horeysay dhacdhaco, halkaas oo ma jiro sheekooyinka arrin dhammeeyayna ay (oo aan mar walba shaqo fiican qaban). Advocate ah "Hufnaan qurux badan" M. Kuzmin wadajir disapprovingly jawaabay oo ku saabsan aqooneed this, qoraal sheekooyinka in Serapions 1920 waxaa horey u dhacsan ee 1922.

walaalo naanays

Markii hore, kulanka "Serapion Brothers" si adag u ekaa kulan oo ka mid ah "Society of Arzamas ah dad aan la aqoon", midaynta qorayaasha goobo Pushkin ee. From waxaa jira, fikradda naanays kaftan ah ayaa loo qaaday, kuwaas oo ku yiil, waayo, qorayaasha ee Meyeydaan. Qaar ka mid ah sheegaye Vladimir Posner warqad uu u diray A. M. Remizovu. I. Gruzdev waxaa lagu naanayso "Walaalow Abbot," Nikitin - "walaalkiis canonarch" LA Luntz - "walaalkiis nin kataarad wada", B. Posner - "walaalkiisii yaraa", Shklovsky - ". Walaalkaa-kicker" Haddii aan naanays ahaayeen Zamyatin, Zoshchenko iyo N. Chukovsky. shirarka badanaa yimid Akhmatova, Boris Annenkov, AI Odoyevtseva iyo kuwa kale. Sidoo kale waxay kaqeybqaateen wadahadalada iyo doodaha, in kastoo aan lagu darin kooxda. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa sidoo kale jiray "hablaha Institute serapionovskih", oo ay ka mid M. Alonkina, LI Sazonov, Z. Gatskevich (ka dib naagtii Nikitin), I. Kaplan-Ingel (ka dib naagtii Slonim).

Lev Luntz iyo "Serapion Brothers"

Dhallinyarada Lev Luntz 20-sano jir ah ayaa noqday hoggaamiyaha aan rasmi ahayn oo ka tirsan kooxda. Smart, had iyo noole, cajiib tayo leh - in kulanka ugu horeeya Serapions wuxuu ahaa "ilaa diiriyo" saaxiibadood. Luntz noolaa sano oo kaliya 23, laakiin u suurtagashay in ay ka baxaan ay calaamaddu ku sugan laabta qorayaasha. Lunts war bixinta tacsi ah u qoray Gorky, N. Berberova, Tynyanov, Fedin. Wuxuu la odhan jiray "Wiil Faun" qarash badan tamarta cidhifka ninkaan oo dhan kulan oo ka tirsan kooxda la yiraahdo "Serapion Brothers" buuxsamay ah. Suugaanta Association isaga hogaamiyaha fikir doortay. Ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa xataa doonayay inuu quduus duwidda ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma waqti ay tani leedahay.

By dhamaadka 20-mada ay hal-abuurka Lunz helay ceebeynta ah tirtiri karin sida a qoto dheer anti-Soviet iyo socodnimo, iyo qaar kaloo badan waxaa ka mid ah aan la daabacay. Sababta oo kale aragti loo fahmi karaa haddii akhri qodobka Lunz "Waa maxay sababta" Serapion Brothers ", kaas oo noqday manifesto ka mid ah kooxda. In waxa, uu leeyahay mabaadi'da xoriyadda abuurka, nolol uu ka maqan qaynuunnadii iyo xeerarka.

Masiirka ee ururka

Waayo, dawladda Soviet koox madax banaan oo ka mid ah qorayaasha ahaa mid aad loo baahnayn. In 1922, ee Journal ee "Suugaanta Notes" ahaayeen maqaalo taariikh ahaaneed Serapions. Taas ka dib, xilli oo dhan, waayo, kala qorayaasha madax Lunacharsky iyo Trotsky istaagay. Hawsha la dhigay cad: xukumaan kooxda. Kuwa ku heshiiyaan in ay iskaashi la sameeyaan maamulka, waxaa loo balan qaaday in ay shuqullo lagu daabici doonaa. Waayo, qoraa Soviet horeba waa guul weyn. Qaar ka mid ah Serapions galay Guild ah "Circle", oo howgashay ugu kulan lacag.

Tartiib tartiib shirka iyo aad u badan dhif noqday. Rasmi ah, kooxdu kala diray ma ahayn xiriirka saaxiibtinimo ee u dhaxeeya xubnaha hayo nolosha oo dhan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, habeenkii guuradii Zoscheko mar dambe soo galay 1926. Ilaa 1929, ururka "Serapion Brothers" Weli shidnaa ee wareegyada suugaanta. Iyadoo dhalashada of the Union of Writers jiritaanka ururka kasta oo madax-bannaan ayaa la, guud ahaan, waxa uu noqday wax aan macquul aheyn.

Inkastoo ay taariikh gaaban, kooxda "Serapion Brothers" lahaayeen muhiimad weyn u suugaanta Ruush ee qarnigii XX. From ay deegaanka ka tagay tiro ka mid ah qorayaasha weyn, iyo sida ay u tagay ay calaamaddu ku cad xaqiiqada ah in 1946 xubnihiisa ayaa mar kale ku xusan amar caanka Zhdanov. Sidaas daraaddeed, sannado badan ka dib burburkii gacanta ciqaabta ee Soviet helay qorayaasha caasiyiinta, dhuftay tirada Zoshchenko, Tikhonov iyo Slonimsky ee cunaqabatayn loo badheedhi Karin.