Rinjiga rinjiga. Farsamada sawir gacmeedka. Dugsiga Flemish of Painting

farshaxan heer sare ah, in la barbardhigo dhaqdhaqaaqa wax-uqabso casriga ah, had iyo jeer guulaysanaya Quluubta dhagaystayaasha. Mid ka mid ah waayo-aragnimada ugu cad ah iyo hodan yahay cid kasta oo kala kulantay shuqullada hore Ranjiilayaasha Netherlandish.

rinjiyeynta Vlaamse waxa lagu gartaa xaqiiqo, rabshad ah oo midabo iyo mawduucyada ballaadhan in la fuliyo ee maadooyinka.

In this article, annagu kala ma hadli doona oo kaliya oo ku saabsan waxyaabaha gaarka ah ee habkani, laakiin sidoo kale bartaan farsamada ee qoraalka, iyo sidoo kale wakiilo ugu caanka ah ee xilliga.

rinjiyeynta Baroque

Taariikhda rinjiyaynta buuxda ka turjumaayo isbadalka nolosha bulshada iyo siyaasadda aadanaha. Sidaas farxad iyo burburkii uu of frescoes qadiimiga mugdi kale ah iyo maadooyin dhintay qarniyadii dhexe.

Baroque ( "quaint, intemperate") wakiil ka tagay ka dogmas jir ah iyo caajis. Waxaa nuugo oo dhan niyadda maalin walba iyo qof waqtiga.
In xarunta of dhagarta, iyo sidoo kale oo dhan Baroque ah, waa nin. Laakiin dabiiciga ah ee image uu noqdo ayan dubka sare, doonee, oo ka fudud. Sidoo kale, waxaa gebi ahaanba waa noocyo cusub sida nolosha weli, muuqaalka dhirta, Muuqaallo ku sifayn.

Bal aynu eegno waxa ay dhab ahaan waa rinjiyeynta Vlaamse ka duwan inta kale ee Hababka Western.

rinjiyeynta Vlaamse iyo Holland?

Kuwa xiiso art Yurub, waxaa la ogsoon yahay wax caynkaas ah sida rinjiyeynta ah Vlaamse. Haddii aad eegto in encyclopedia ah, waxaan ka baranaynaa in Vlaamse ah - waa dadka degan Flanders, taas oo, ee jeedo, waa hadiyad-maalin Belgium. Laakiin marka ay timaado ah fanaaniinta muddada this, waxaan aragnaa in Badankood wax Dutch.

Waxaa jira su'aal dabiiciga ah: Waa maxay farqiga u dhexeeya rinjiyeynta ah Vlaamse iyo Holland? Dhab ahaantii, wax kasta waa mid fudud ilaa xad. Dhammaadkii qarnigii lix, kuwaas oo in 1579, gobollada waqooyi ee Netherlands ka soo sarkhaansan taajkii Spanish sii daayay. Haddaba Holland ayaa sameeyay ee ku yaala goobahan.

Waxaa xusid mudan in dhaqanka ee dalka dhallinyarada bilaabmaa si ay u koraan at heerka cajiib ah. ma Its da'da dahab ah aan muddo dheer socon, oo keliya qarnigii a. Laakiin shuqulkii sayidkooda sida Peter Paul Rubens, Anton Van Deyk, Yakob Yordans, iyo dhowr fannaaniinta kale, waxay ahayd ubax a of art Dutch qaranka. Later, ee qarnigii siddeed iyo tobnaad, waddan wuxuu bilaabaa inuu saamayn xoog leh dhaqanka Faransiis. Sidaa darteed, mana ka mid ah taas oo aqoonsi u hadli karin.

fanaaniinta Vlaamse ee qarnigii toddoba weli qaar ka mid ah muuqaalada style in iyaga la kala saaro ka sayid Dutch oo ka socda qaybaha kale ee dalka.

First, Oga sababaha gaalda macquul ah oo ka mid ah Italy, taas oo aan ka wada hadli doonaan ka dib. Marka labaad, waxaa jira goobaha ee xarunta of taas ma jiraan goobaha awaalka ama diinta iyo sheekooyinka maalin walba ka nolosha muwaadiniinta caadiga ah.

Sidaas darteed, waxa ay u muuqataa in rinjiyeynta Vlaamse - waa marxalad hore ee horumarinta farshaxanka Dutch. Laakiin feature ugu muhiimsan ee Zaman this waa yabban Dutch qaranka, saamayn shisheeye badnayn.

ka Talyaaniga amaahashada taxane ah oo farsamooyinka taas oo hoos laga wada hadli doonaa, waxaan ahayn uun kuwa aasaas u ah formation of style a kala, laakiin ma aha sida ay aragtida.

Saamaynta ay ku sayid Talyaani

Sida aan mar dambe arki doonaan, ee farshaxankiisa Vlaamse iyo Dutch ee qarnigii lix, waxaa si xoog leh u saameeyay fanaaniinta Talyaani. muddo Halis bilaabmaa ka dib markii Lucas van Leyden iyo Pieter Bruegel the Elder. Arintaan, gaar ahaan, saffarro ee loo yaqaan "ridayeen" ee maaddooyinka ah farshaxankiisa iyo images of characters.

Laakiin ka dib markii isbedel qaar ka mid ah ayaa ka dhacay map siyaasadeed ee Holland, bilowday marxalad cusub. rinjiyeynta Vlaamse, la heli karo in socodka u gaar ah, wuxuu bilaabaa inuu ku faani Maarso in muddo ah oo dahab ah oo ah Rubens.

Bologna School, manericheskoe waayo, Karavadzhizm - rogga kuwanu waxay ka iman ka Italy si ay dalalka kale ee Yurub. Waxay ahayd waqti xaadirkaan muhiimka ah waa diidmada kama dambaysta ah ee heerarka Dr Makumbe. Haddaba, in rinjiyeynta ka sii kordheysa bilaabay inuu xukumaan shaqsiyadaha qadiimiga mythological, goobaha macquul ah ee nolol maalmeedka iyo Dutch weli innoogu la ugaarsiga.

Foomamka Monumental, fiiro gaar ah u faahfaahsan, characters dhalaalaya oo cad, Muuqaallo ku sifayn, xawaashka la yaabtid ama kaftan - taasi waa qayb ka mid kaliya ee sifooyinka ismaqalkii rinjiyeynta Vlaamse. Gaar ahaan maadaama iyadu u taagan ka dhanka farshaxanka guud European saamaynta ay coloristic.

sayid Dutch leh farsamo ee chiaroscuro, hannaankii tumaya midabyo dhalaalaya iyo stroke ballaadhan ciyaaro. Waxay qaadan wax waqti ah mawduucyada soo qaadanin iyo horumarinta galay sifayn ama xitaa keenay burlesque ah. characters ay ku nool yihiin iyo aad neefsato. Waxaan sii wadi in la ogyahay tiro ka mid ah fanaaniinta. Waxaad arki doontaa maadooyinka sida dhegeysiga on canvases ay.

Taariikhda ogyahay tusaalooyin badan oo ka mid ah rinjiyeynta, marka hal-abuurka iyo style shaqada ee jiilka ka yar ee fanaaniinta saamayn isbedelka siyaasadeed iyo bulsheed ee bulshada. Sidaa darteed, saamaynta sayidkooda Talyaani ahaa neef ama hawo cusub ee dhawaan la xoreeyay ka saameynta ay kontrreformatsionnogo Netherlands.

qalabka ranjiyeynta

Sida cilmi u yidhaahdaan, farsamada ee rinjiyeynta Vlaamse markii ugu horaysay ee ay walaalaha Van Eyck. Laakiin taariikhyahanadu tahay adkeyso on xaqiiqada ah in Macallimiin badan Talyaani kuwaas farsamooyinka isku mid ah loo isticmaalo ka badan sidii hore. Aynu gelin Dhabahaan buu ee horyaalka ma tagaan, oo la hadal oo ku saabsan technology laftiisa.

Maro daboolay Primer koolo hore cad. Wuxuu ahaa mid aad u taxadar leh loola dhaqmo, maxaa yeelay waxay ahayd hooska iftiin cad oo ku saabsan sawirka mustaqbalka. Intaa waxaa dheer, inta kale ee rinjiga ka codsatay layers aad u dhuuban, jidaynayey dhulka si ay u abuuraan siyasad saamayn mala awaal ah oo gudaha ka.

Like farsamooyin kale oo badan rinjiyeynta, Vlaamse ayaa isku xigxiga oo cad ee ay falsayeen. Markii hore abuuray "board" - tilmaantii sawirka mustaqbalka. Waxa uu ahaa sawir si adag, waxaa lagu muday irbad ay weheliyaan dhererka dulmari image ah. Ka dib markii la isticmaalayo preform budada dhuxusha waxaa si taxadar leh badali turjumay xaashi.

Ka dib markii wareejinta ah sawir iyo Hanuun soohdintooda ah oo ay mustaqbalka ka mid ah sawirka obscures saliid ama tempera. Lakabka A khafiif ah oo daahan brown iftiin noqotay in ay sii hannaankii Nuur gudaha.

Markaasaa waxaa u timid wajiga oo ka mid ah "rinjiga dhintay" (midabada qabow iyo cirro in ma keenaan wax xiiso ah). Oo dhamaado habka codsiga masterpiece ah oo midabo dhalaalaya iyo hodan in yaab dalxiisayaasha caadiga ah iyo farshaxanka ku caashaqay tacliinta tan.

sayid karavadzhizma

In qarniyadii XVI iyo XVII dugsiga Vlaamse ee rinjiyeynta Oo Qaliin saamaynta style gaar ah oo farshaxanka Yurub. Karavadzhizm - dhaxalgal ah ee odayga Talyaani Mikelandzhelo De Caravaggio. Waxa uu ku noolaa Rome oo ahaa mid ka mid ah sayidkooda Baroque ugu weyn Yurub. culimada casriga ah waxay aaminsan yihiin in aasaasaha artist ah ee xaqiiqo in rinjiyeynta.

Wuxuu ka shaqeeyey in chiaroscuro ah farsamada (light-hooskii), taas oo ka duwan ka hor imaanayn meelaha mugdiga ah ee dhalaal sawirka. Waxaa xusid mudan in aan helo sawir Caravaggio. Waxa uu si toos ah u soo shaqeeyay ka sarraysiisay shuqullada dhameystir doorasho.

Farshaxankiisa qarnigii 17aad ee Italy, Spain iyo Netherlands aqbalay ah horumar cusub sida neefta ah hawo cusub. In farsamo sida a Talyaaniga shaqeeyay de 'Fiori iyo Gentileschi, Ribera Spain, fanaaniinta Dutch Hendrick ter Brugghen iyo Barbyuren.
Karavadzhizm sidoo kale saamayn xoog leh ku marxaladaha kala duwan ee shuqullada sayid sida Peter Paul Rubens, Diego Velasquez, Zhorzh De La Tour iyo Rembrandt.

Wadding saamayn karavadzhistov ay si qoto dheer oo fiiro gaar ah u faahfaahsan. Aan ka hadalno badan oo ku saabsan rinjiile Holland oo la soo shaqeeyay farsamadan.

The ugu horeysay fikrad qaaday Hendrick ter Brugghen. Isagu waa qarnigii hore XVII, booqday Rome, halkaas oo uu kula kulmay Manfredi, Gentileschi iyo Saraceni. Waxay ahayd reer Holland bilaabay dugsiga Utrecht ee rinjiyaynta leh farsamadan.

Dhagra leeyihiin farshaxankiisa macquul ah, waxay waxaa lagu gartaa Muuqaallo kaftan muujinayaa tur. Hendrick ter Brugghen muujinaysaa ma aha oo kaliya daqiiqado gaar ah nolosha casriga ah, laakiin sidoo kale in dib looga fikiro naturalism dhaqanka.

horumarinta dheeraad ah oo iskuulka tageen Honthorst. Wuxuu u beddelay si sheekooyinka Bible, laakiin dhagarta lagu dhisay dhibic macaamiisha of view of qarnigii XVII Holland. Sidaas daraaddeed, in farshaxankiisa, waxaan arki saamayn cad oo farsamo chiaroscuro. Waxaa ka shaqeeya sarkhaansan karavadzhistov isagii keeneen warkiisa Italy. Waayo, Muuqaallo ku sifayn by Candlelight, wuxuu kasbaday naaneesta "habeen".

Marka la barbardhigo dugsiga Utrecht ah, Ranjiilayaasha Vlaamse sida Rubens iyo Van Dyck ma noqon taageerayaasha karavadzhizma xoog leh. style Tan waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay in shuqulladoodu kaliya sida marxalad gaar ah in formation of style shaqsi ah.

Adrian Brouwer iyo David Teniers

Wixii qarniyo, rinjiyaynta sayid Vlaamse waxaa lagu isbedel la taaban karo. Waxaan ku bilaabaynaa dib u eegis ah fannaaniinta ku our ka Marxaladaha dambe, marka waxaa jiray inuu ka farshaxankiisa taariikhi tagaan si ay si ciriiri ah lala beegsaday maadooyinka.

First, Brouwer iyo Teniers ka yar iyo ka dib aasaaskii abuurka ka nolol maalmeedka caadiga ah ee Dutch dhigay goobaha. Sidaas daraaddeed, Adrian, yabban sii Pieter Bruegel, a isbedel dhowr ah farsamooyinka qoraal oo diiradda ah farshaxankiisa.

Waxa uu diiradda saarayaa kooxda ugu foosha xun ee nolosha. Valais for farshaxankiisa uu raadinaya in ay Makhaayadood qaaca yaraaday iyo maqaayado. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sawirka Brouwer saameyn ay hadalka iyo si qoto dheer ee qof. Farshaxankii dhuuntaa jilayaasha muhiimka ah meelo hul dheer, tiriska ahaa qorshaha ugu horeysay innoogu weli.

dagaalka ka gaareen kulan ee laadhuu ama kaararka, caba hurdada ama qoob cabbin. Kuwani waa maadooyinka xiiseynaya rinjiile.

Laakiin shaqada ugu danbeeyay ka badan Brouwer noqdaan jilicsan, waxay leeyihiin kaftan ahaaday ka badan yaab iyo xarig la'aan. Haddaba canvases ku jira niyadda falsafada iyo inay muujiyaan xawaaraha feker badan ee characters gaabis ah.

Cilmi ayaa sheegaya in qarnigii XVII ah fanaaniinta Vlaamse bilaabaan si ay u koraan-gacmeed la barbardhigo qarnigii hore ee fanaaniinta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaan uun arkaan guurka ka hadal dhalaalaysa oo ka mid ah maaddooyinka-awaalka ah Rubens iyo Jordaens burlesque inay nolol xasilloon oo ah yaroow in Teniers da'da yar ee.

Arintaan, gaar ahaan, diiradda on the daqiiqado riixdey ee ciidaha tuulada. Waxa uu isku dayay in uu sawir aroosyada iyo dabaaldegyada ka mid ah beeralayda fudud. Iyada oo si gaar ah xoogga qaybaha dibadda, iyo idealization nolosha.

Frans Snyders

Sida Anton Van Dyck, taas oo aan ka wada hadli doonaan ka dib, Frans Snyders bilaabay tababarka Hendrik van Balen. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxa ay sidoo kale wuxuu ahaa hage Piter Breygel yar.

Fiirsaneysa inay shuqulkii sayidkiisa this, waxaan la kulmaan khuseeya kale oo ka mid ah farshaxanka, taas oo sidaas hodan ku rinjiyeynta Vlaamse. farshaxankiisa Snyders ma u eg farshaxankiisa ah saffarro uu. In France jeestay in la helo Misbaax oo u yeeshaan in ay sare oo odayga unsurpassed.

Waxa uu ahaa kii ugu fiicnaa ee image nolosha weli iyo xayawaanka. Sida rinjiile artist-xoolaha uu inta badan lagu casuumay fanaaniinta kale, sida Rubens, la abuuro of qeybo ka mid ah masterpieces uu.

In shaqo ee Snyder ayaa wareeg ah si tartiib ah ka innoogu sheegay wali in sanadaha hore u Muuqaallo ah ugaadhsiga in muddo ka dib. Iyada oo aan jeclayn ee Wehbe oo images of dadka oo dhan ay weli halkaas ku leeyihiin on canvases ah. Sida uu ku soo baxay ee xaaladda?

Waa wax iska fudud, Frans Janssens casuumay si ay u abuuraan images of ugaarsadaha, Jordaens iyo saaxiibada kale ee sayid Guild ah.

Sidaas darteed, waxaan aragnaa in farshaxanka Qarnigii 17aad ee Flanders ka tarjumaysaa wajiga Nuurre Aw guurka ka farsamooyinka hore iyo dabeecadaha. Waxa uu sida siman sida Italy, uma ay iman, laakiin siiyey dunida arrin curiyay aan caadi ahayn sayidkooda Vlaamse.

Yakob Yordans

farshaxankiisa qarnigii 17-Vlaamse lagu gartaa xoriyad badan sida xilliga hore marka la barbar dhigo. Halkan waxa aad ka arki kartaa ma aha oo kaliya ku nool goobaha laga soo nolosha, laakiin sidoo kale bilowga kaftan. Gaar ahaan, Yakob Yordans marar badan isbixiyo ogol yahay in ay qayb ka mid ah burlesque sameeyo farshaxankiisa.

In uu shaqada, ayuu gaadhay weyn sida portraitist ah, hase ahaatee wuxuu noqday ku dhawaad ugu fiican ee gudbinta qof ee sawirka. Sidaas daraaddeed, mid ka mid ah taxanaha ugu weyn - "The xaflado Bean King" - oo ku salaysan sawir ee hiddaha, hadalkaas oo caan ah, kaftanka iyo hadalladiisiiba. In farshaxanka, kuwaas oo u muujinaysa kuwo buuxo, faraxsan, nolol firfircoon ee bulshada reer Holland ee qarnigii XVII ah.

Isagoo ka hadlayay of art Dutch ee rinjiyeynta ee mudadaas, waxa aan inta badan ku xuso doonaa magaca Peter Paul Rubens. Waxay ahayd saamaynta uu muuqataa in shuqullada inta badan fanaaniinta Vlaamse.

Jordaens sidoo kale kama baxsan qaddar this. Waayo, wakhtigu waa qaar ka mid ah waxa uu ka shaqeeyay studio ee Rubens, abuurista Dakatu for farshaxankiisa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa soo baxay roon Yacquub inuu sameeyo tenebrizm farsamada iyo chiaroscuro.

Haddii aad eegto ee masterpieces of Jordaens, iyaga barbar shuqullada Peter Paul, waxaan arki saamayn cad oo dambaysta ah. Laakiin Jacob farshaxankiisa jira midabo more diiran, xoriyada iyo debecsanaanta.

Peter Rubens

Wada xaajoodka masterpieces of rinjiyeynta Vlaamse, in aan ku xuso Rubens. Peter Paul ee uu noolaa wuxuu ahaa sayidkayga ayaa qiray. Wuxuu waxaa loo tixgeliyaa Iduna Park ee mawduucyada diinta iyo mythological, laakiin ma tayo yar farshaxanka muujiyey farshaxanka muuqaalka iyo sawirka.

Kor buu u koray ee qoyska ka mid ah in dhaceen disfavour sababtoo ah ficillo aabbihiis intuu dhallinyar yahay. Si dhakhso ah ay sumcad waa lay soo celiyey ka dib dhimashadii waalidka, Rubens iyo hooyadiis ku soo laabtay Antwerp.

Halkan, Ninkii dhallintayaraa ee waxaa si deg deg ah helo isku xirka loo baahan yahay, waxa page a of Countess de Lyalen dhigi. Intaa waxaa dheer, Peter Paul la Tobias, Verhahtom Van Noort kulmay. Laakiin saamayn gaar ah isaga on sida mentor a caawiyay Otto Van Veen. Waa artist ka door muhim qaabaynta sayidkii mustaqbalka ee style.

Otto ahayd jeclaan of qorayaasha classical, caddooyinka, lagu muujiyey shuqullada Horace, oo ahaa connoisseur ah Renaissance Talyaani ah. sifooyin Kuwanu ee qofku shakhsiyadiisu Van Fan iyo siiyey artist dhallinyarada.

Ka dib markii afar sano ah internship at Otto Rubens qaataan ururka Guild ka mid ah fanaaniinta, engravers iyo sculptors loo yaqaan "Guild of St. Luke." Qalinjabinta, xeerkii dheer oo ka mid ah sayidkooda Dutch, wuxuu ahaa safar Italy. Waxaa Peter Paul hawlan waxbarashada iyo dayanayaan ee masterpieces ugu fiican ee Zaman.

Ma aha la yaab leh, ka farshaxankiisa ah fanaaniinta Vlaamse ee qaababka ay u eg farsamooyinka qaar ka mid ah sayidkooda Talyaani ee Renaissance ah.

In Italy, Rubens noolaa iyo shaqeeyay deeqbixiye lagu yaqaan iyo ururiyaha Vincenzo Gonzaga. Tani waxay muddo cilmi hal abuurnimadiisa wac Mantua, maxaa yeelay, magaalada ayaa loo magacaabay Peter Paul gargaare.

Laakiin kursiga gobolka iyo rabitaanka loo isticmaalo Gonzaga ma jeclaan Rubens. Warqad uu qoray in kaliya sidoo isticmaali kartaa adeegyada saanacyadii sawirka Vicenzo. Laba sano ka dib, nin dhallinyaro ah ka heli isxigaan oo amar ku Rome.

Waxa ugu weyn ee muddada Roman ahaa rinjiyeynta ee Santa Maria ee Vallicella, iyo meesha allabariga ee keniisad ee Fermo.

Ka dib markii dhimasho hooyadeed, Rubens in Antwerp, halkaas oo uu si deg deg ah u noqday odaygii ugu mushaarka badan ku soo laabtay. Mushaharka ku helay by maxkamadda Brussels, ogol yahay in ay ku nool yihiin style grand, in ay leeyihiin aqoon isweydaarsi weyn, tababartayaasha badan.

Intaa waxaa dheer, Peter Paul dhawray xiriirka la Order of Jesuits ah, waxaa soo koriyey sidii ilmo. wuu ka helay amarada gudaha ee Antwerp Church of St. Karla Borromeya. Halkan wuxuu ka dhigaa ardayga ugu fiican - Anton Van Dyck, taas oo aan hoos ku wada hadli doonaan.

Qeybtii labaad ee uu noloshiisa ku qaatay Rubens in ergooyinka diblomaasiyadeed. Wax yar ka hor inta uusan dhiman, wuxuu soo iibsaday guri nagaadi ah halkaas oo dameer, ka muuqaal iyo image nolosha ridayeen waxay kor u qaadeen.

In shaqada of this artist weyn waxaa saamayn gaar ahaan by Titian iyo Brueghel. Shuqullada ugu caansan yihiin farshaxanka ah "Samson iyo Deliilaah", "ugaarsi a jeer", "Kufsiga oo ka mid ah Gabdhaha Leucippus".

Rubens lahaa sida saameyn xoog leh ku farshaxankiisa Western Yurub, in 1843 on Square Green ee taallo Antwerp ayaa la sara kiciyey isaga.

Anton Van Dyck

portraitist Maxkamaddu waxay, sayidkayga ah mawduucyada-awaalka iyo diinta ee rinjiyeynta, rinjiile of style Baroque - dhammaan sifooyinka Antona Van Dyck, ardayga ugu fiican ee Peter Paul Rubens.

farsamooyinka Rinjiyeynta sayidkooda ka sameeyay inta lagu guda jiro tababar la Hendrik van Balen, oo isna wuxuu siiyey arday ah. Waxa ay ahayd sanadihii la soo qaatay aqoon isweydaarsi artist ee loo ogol yahay Anton si deg deg ah ay helaan warkiisii maxaliga ah.

At afar iyo toban, ayuu qoray masterpiece ugu horeysay ee shan iyo toban furay dukaankiisa ugu horeysay. Sidaas da'da hore Van Deyk Antwerp noqdo celebrity ah.

At toddoba iyo Anton aqbali Guild ee St. Luke, halkaas oo uu ka noqday xirfadda shaqo ka Rubens ah. Muddo laba sanno ah (1918 iyo 1920), Van Deyk qoray on looxyada iyo toban Wehbe Ciise Masiix iyo Rasuulladu tobankii. Maanta shuqullo kuwan ku jira matxafyada badan oo dunida.

farshaxanka rinjiyaynta Antona Van Dyck ahaa sii saaraynaa mawduucyada diinta. Waxa uu ku qoray in uu aqoon isweydaarsi caanka ah farshaxankiisa Rubens "dabaaldega taaj" iyo "Kiss Yuudas".

Laga soo bilaabo 1621 bilaabmaa muddada safarka. Marka ugu horeysa, artist dhallinyarada ku salaysan ee London, iyadoo King James, ka dib markii u safraya Italy. In 1632, Anton London, halkaas oo aan Charles dibiiciga boqoradu iyo siinayaa booska uu ka rinjiile maxkamadda ku soo laabtay. Halkan uu ka shaqeeyay ilaa uu dhintay.

farshaxankiisa waxaa lagu soo bandhigay ee matxafyada ee Munich, Vienna, Museum Louvre ah, Washington, New York iyo goobaha badan oo kale oo dunida dacaladeeda ah.

Sidaas darteed, maanta waxaan idinla, akhristayaasha qaaliga ah, soo baratay rinjiyeynta Vlaamse. Waxaad wax fikrad ah oo ku saabsan taariikhda ay formation iyo farsamo ee samaynta farshaxanka. Waxaan sidoo kale si kooban u la kulmay fanaaniinta ugu weyn Dutch ee muddada.