Reaction tayada si alkenes. Chemical guryaha iyo qaab-dhismeedka alkenes

Maxay yihiin dareen diidmo oo tayo leh si ay u alkenes? Si aad uga jawaabtid su'aashan, waa in aan marka hore la fahmo waxa kasoo muuqan wakiilada class this.

class feature

Si aad u bilaabaan si ay u falanqeeyaan qaabka alkenes. Consort roodhida gudbiyo biirey isagoo formula guud CnH2n. Dhismaha alkenes toosan, laakiin ay qaab-dhismeedka lagu daro hal (fudud) xiriir, waxaa sidoo kale waa adag (bond double).

Magac-

Ka hor inta aan sifaha falcelinta tayo in alkenes, diiradda lagu saari doonaa arrimaha la xiriira magacyadooda. Habka ay la mid tahay fasalka alkanes, laakiin waxaa jira qaar ka mid ah oo xuduudaheedu kala, kuwaas oo joogo waa in gaar ah. Marka hore waxaan u baahan tahay in la helo qaab-dhismeedka la soo jeediyay by silsilad ugu dheer carbon oo ay ku jiraan bond a double.

Dheeraad ah, atamka C kuwa la tiriyey waa ka dhanka on taas oo ay nafteeda ku double waxa uu ku yaalaa u dhaw in ay sare ee silsiladda. Haddii la joogo ee Britain ee xag hydrocarbon ah (substituents embodiments kale), in kiiska noocan oo kale ah ayaa loo baahan yahay si ay u muujiyaan lambarrada meel ay. Haddii ay jiraan xag isku badan horgalayaasha isticmaalo isreebreebka. Halkan yeedhay silsilad ugu weyn laftiisa, codsanaya qadarin ah -en. shardi A (marka laga reebo ethylene iyo propene) waa in la qeexo mawqifka lambar dhigaalka badan.

fursadaha isomerism

Dareen-celinta tayada on alkenes la xiriira meesha uu ku sugan Britain ayaa ah by bond a double. tiirsanaanta noocan oo kale ah waxa ay tilmaamaysaa daraasad faahfaahsan oo dheeraad ah ee arrinta Consort roodhida isomeric. Sida xubnaha kale ee Consort kuwaas oo u taagoo leeyihiin isomers dhismaha ee alkenes. Tusaale ahaan, waayo halabuurka ah ee arrinta la visualized kartaa butenes C4H8 iyo 2-methylpropene.

Intaa waxaa dheer, wakiilada class this ee Consort roodhida waxaa jira isomers mawqifyada curaarta double. Waxay ku xiran tahay qaar ka mid ah kiimikada guryaha of this fasalka ay ku taalo.

ka mid ah noocyada kala duwan ee isomerism, ma aha ku waalan by wakiillo kale oo ka CxHy kala, la soco joomateri (dhismeedka waji leh). Iyada oo ku xidhan wareeg ah curaarta double ah jajabkii Britain alkene waxaa laga heli karaa CIS iyo isomers trans. isomerism Interclass xidhana cycloalkanes alkenes. kala duwan ee dhismayaasha noocan oo kale ah, soo jireenka ah si ay wakiillo ka taxanaha homologous of ethylene, go'aamiso guryaha ay kiimikada aasaasiga ah.

kiimikaad

reaction tayada si alkenes - waa ay is dhexgalka ee xal aqueous of halogens. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid bromo, iodo, chloro. Sidaas darteed of sida falgal kiimikaad dhacdaa tageynaa debaajiga double ku biiro atamka halogeen. Sida dabeecad u ah is dhexgalka this waxaa loo arkaa midab iodine (bromine) biyaha. Tayada reaction in alkene double bond - waa ay is dhexgalka ee aqueous xal of potassium permanganate in acidic dhexdhexaad ah.

Sida wax soo saarka of this reaction ARE sulfates iyo organic wax soo saarka. Waxaa sameynayso wakiilka ah oksidheeyeyaal iyo xal halogeen a - jawaab oo tayo sare leh si ay u alkenes. Hydrogenation kuwa aan lagu dabaqi karo, waxaa heli doontaa natiijo u dhiganta hydrocarbon xadka (alkane). Sida shuruudaha ku qabanaya of percolation soo fiiqan qandho, iyo codsiyada Hannaan.

alkenes Activity yihiin wax badan ka weyn yahay kii la shito. Sababta waxaa laga heli karaa inta u dhaxaysa atamka carbon at debaajiga double ma aha bonds xoog badan.

In sari ee wax hydrocarbon CnH2n Halabuurka in ogsijiin atmosfeerta lagu arkay kala uumiga biyaha, carbon dioxide iyo formation of qadar ku filan oo kulaylka. Tayada baaritaano kartaa in loo isticmaalo in alkenes inay meel ku go'doomiyaan, kuwaas oo xeryahooda ka mid kale oo walxaha.

dareen-celin fuuq (waxaa dheer oo biyo ah) ee alkenes sinnayn dhacdaa si waafaqsan xeerka Markovnikov ee. Sida laga soo xigtay this ku biiro dhacdaa eb hydrogen in carbon, ee kaas oo ku jira tiro badan oo hydrogen. ra'iyi hydroxide ka dibna lagu lifaaqi doonaa in carbon ee debaajiga double, taas oo ka yar N.

A la mid farsamo iyo xeerka alkenes fal kiimikaad la taagoo of hydrogen halides.

Interest waa fal-celin ah polymerization, taasoo keentay in miisaanka sare xeryahooda kelli loo sameeyay. Sayidka, by xulashada ah isha ugu of monomer ethylene at Hannaan polymerization uu soo saaray polyetylen oo waa wax qiimo leh sida xawliga ah u warshadaha kiimikada.

guryaha jirka

The wakiillo ka koowaad ee taxanaha homologous of ethylene yihiin walxaha gaseous, ficil ahaan ur. Waxay si liidata L. biyo, L. in xeryahooda organic yihiin. Waxaa jira xidhiidh toos ah u dhexeeya korodhka qaraabada kelli miisaanka iyo karaya dhibcood (dhibic barafku), guurka ka gaseous ee gobolka dareere ah, xaalad adag ee xulkii.

gunaanad

Aaway wakiilada Consort roodhida series ethylene? Polymer waa wax qiimo leh sida xawliga ah u-soo-saarka kiimikada. Laga soo bilaabo tan waxaa ka heli kartaa styrene, chloride vinylalkohol, ethanol, aldehyde acetic, acid, iyo dichloroethane. In polymerization ee alkenes sameeyay polyvinylacetate, saliidaha, masaxado. Celcelis ahaan, wax soo saarka caalamiga ah ee polyetylen waa 100 million tons sannadkii. In muda warshadaha baahan yahay ereygu polymer propylene. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, propene waa feedstock ee soo saaridda ee xabagta, isopropanol, cumene, butyraldehyde, glycerol.

Butins guud ahaan waxaa loo baahan yahay in la abuuro polyisobutylene, methyl ketonka ethyl, caag butyl, isoprene. Isobutylene waa qalab fiican cayriin kiimikada soo saaridda of butanol jaamacadda, caag butyl iyo isoprene. Waxaa isobutylene waxaa looga baahan yahay alkylation ee phenols in wax soo saarka ee walxaha dusha-firfircoon. Copolymers la butenes waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida a daro daweyn iyo saliid. Higher Consort roodhida of taxane ethylene waxaa loo isticmaalaa ma aha oo kaliya in wax soo saarka ee qalabka polymeric, laakiin sidoo kale wax soo saarka ee alcohols organic sare.