Qaab dhismeedka unugyada eukaryotic

Noolaha oo dhan, iyadoo ku xiran helitaanka yaruna waxa loo qaybin karaa laba qaybood oo waawayn: prokaryotes iyo eukaryotes. Labada marka la eego waxaa ka soo jeeda Giriigga «karion» - yaruna.

Kuwa noolaha in aadan haysan xuduntii ah, loo yaqaan prokaryotes - noolaha pre-nuclear la arrinta nuclear ee foomka of inclusions. Qaab-dhismeedka gacanta eukaryotic waa xoogaa kala duwan. Marka la barbardhigo prokaryotes, eukaryotes ayaa core a sameeyey - taasi waa ay kala duwan yihiin ugu weyn. Waayo, prokaryotes ka mid ah bakteeriyada, cyanobacteria, Rickettsia iyo noolaha kale. Waayo, eukaryotes waxaa ka mid ah wakiilo ka socda boqortooyooyinka Fungi, Geedaha iyo Xayawaanka.

Qaab dhismeedka unugyada eukaryotic of noolaha kala duwan nuclear la mid ah. qaybaha ay ugu weyn - ka xuduntii iyo cytoplasm, oo wada koobnaan protoplast ah. cytoplasm waa wax saldhig semi-dareere ah, ama sida waxa loo yaqaan, hyaloplasm, kuna waari dhexdeeda dhismeedka gacanta yihiin - organelles hawlgala hawlaha kala duwan. From ka baxsan cytoplasm hareereeyeen by xuub plasma ah. Plant iyo unugyada fangas leeyihiin xuub plasma ka sokow gacanta qolof adag ah. cytoplasm The unugyada dhirta iyo fangaska ku jira vacuoles - goobooyinka kuwaas oo ka buuxsami doona biyo la walxaha kala duwan ee la kala diri dhexdeeda. Intaa waxaa dheer, in gacanta lagu daray qaab nafaqooyinka firaaqada ama wax soo saarka dhamaadka shiid. Features of qaab dhismeedka hawlaha gacanta eukaryotic sabab u inclusions ku jira gacanta.

Dhismaha iyo shaqada unugyada eukaryotic:

• plasma xuub - bilayer la egyahay la borotiinada gundhig waxa ku jira. Shaqada ugu weyn ee xuub plasma ah - exchange of walxaha inta u dhaxaysa unugyada laftiisa iyo deegaanka. Sababo la xuub plasma ah waa la fuliyay iyo xiriirka u dhexeeya labada unugyada ku xeeran.
• xuduntii - element gacanta ayaa dvumembrannuyu qolof. Main shaqada muhiimka ah - ilaalinta ee macluumaad hidde - deoxyribonucleic acid. Iyada oo core nidaamiyo dhaqdhaqaaqa gacanta, waxyaabaha la dhaxlo waxaa loo wareejiyey unugyada gabadhiisa.
• mitochondria - organelles, kuwaas oo ay joogaan oo kaliya in dhirta iyo xoolaha unugyada. Mitochondria, sida muhimka ah, waxay leeyihiin laba xuubka u dhaxeeya taas oo ay jiraan laalaabka gudaha - Kristen. Mitochondria ku jira DNA wareeg ah, ribosomes, hannaanka ah ensaymes. Sababo la organelles kuwaas qaadeen unugyada wajiga neefsashada oxygen (dhexsameeysmo triphosphate adenosine).
• plastids - waxaa laga heli karaa oo kaliya in gacanta warshad, maxaa yeelay, function hoose - photosynthesis.
• reticulum endoplasmic (reticulum) - waa hab ka mid ah kiishashka simay - taangiyada, hulalka iyo xididada. On reticulum ku endoplasmic (xunxunna) diyaarin organelles muhiim ah - ribosomes. taangiyada waxaa ku dahaaran iyo bislaadaan borotiinada network, kaas oo ay sidoo kale ugu Waxyoonay network laftiisa. In xuubka of reticulum siman iyo ereygu wuxuu ahaa ee la egyahay steroid.
• Golgi qalab - nidaam ee taangiga odnomembrannyh guri iyo naqas ku lifaaqan darafyadiisa dheer taangiga. Function of adag Golgi ah - ay raasamaal iyo Isbadal borotiinada iyo subaga. Halkan loo sameeyay kiishka secretory in ay soo bandhigaan wax ka baxsan gacanta. Qaab dhismeedka unugyada eukaryotic sida in gacanta leeyahay hab gaar ah qoondaynta of walxaha qashinka.
• lysosomes - kiishka odnomembrannye ay ku jiraan falgalka hydrolytic. Thanks to lysosomes cell dheefshiido waxyeello organelles, unugyada meydad.
• ribosomes - waxaa ka mid ah laba nooc, laakiin ay shaqada ugu weyn ee - shirkii reer taagoo protein.
• centrioles - nidaam microtubules, kuwaas oo la dhisay ka taagoo protein. Sababo la centrioles sameeyay lafaha gudaha ee gacanta, waxa joogteyn karto ay qaab joogto ah.

Qaab-dhismeedka gacanta eukaryotic waa ka dhib badan unugyada prokaryotic. Sababo la xiriira joogitaanka xuduntii, eukaryotes awood u leeyihiin in ay u gudbiyaan macluumaad hidde, oon la hubiyo joogtaynta ee noociisa ah.