Qaab dhismeedka of gaaska dabiiciga ah

Under anaerobic (ama methane anoxic) halsano meel biodegradation dhulka walxaha organic la sii daayo methane (CH4 - fudud hydrocarbon paraffinic). Tani waxay ifafaale lagu tilmaami karaa by isla'egta falcelinta: organic arrinta + H2O → CH4 + C5H7NO2 + CO2 + NH4 + H2CO3. Natiijadu waxay tahay waxtar leh khayraadka dabiiciga ah. Waxaa been qaababka dhulka hoostiisa iyo waa in gaseous ama crystalline (foomka of hydrates gaaska - xarunta methane biyo kuwaas oo deggan at cadaadis sare iyo kul hoose waa in jirkiisa) gobolka. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, waxaa la kala diri karaa in biyaha ama saliid. Halabuurka The gaaska dabiiciga ah ma aha joogto ah oo kala duwan beer kale ku dara.

component ugu weyn ee macdanta tani waa methane, ay ka kooban tahay waa in kala duwan ee ka 91 si ay u 98%. Sidoo kale ku jira more culus Consort paraffinic butane (C4H10), propane (C3H8), ethane (C2H6). Goobjoog walxaha imanba, oo kala ah: hydrogen (H2), nitrogen (N2), carbon dioxide (CO2), tayadda hydrogen (H2S), helium (Wuxuu), uumiga biyaha (H2O). The guryaha iyo halabuurka ah gaaska dabiiciga ah, iyo hababka baaritaanka waxaa nidaaminaya GOST 5542-87. Heerka Tani gobolada waxaa la sameeyey iyo soo bandhigay in USSR ah, oo hadda u shaqeeya in tiro ka mid ah dalalka CIS. Waxay khusaysaa shidaalka gaaska dabiiciga ah oo loo isticmaalo sida shidaalka iyo wax cayriin ee warshadaha, iyo sida shidaalka ee qaybta qoyska.

Waxay dhacdaa at moolka dheer laga bilaabo mid ka mid ah dhowr kiilomitir (ka hooseeya saliidda), tan iyo markii ay la aasaasay at cadaadis sare iyo heerkul ka sareeya. Its qoto dheer ku xiran tahay berrinka, tusaale ahaan, meel u dhow New Urengoy waxaa la bixiyay at qoto dheer ah 6 km. Soo saaray ceel by, gaaska dhulka galo nidaamka ururinta, ka dibna waxaa la diyaarin karaa iyo gaadiid si ay macaamiisha. Si aad u diyaariso Jaha dhow anigaa iska leh, oo loo ogol yahay unit gaar ah, taas oo loogu talagalay in lagu biyo (hortagtaa gaadiidka) iyo xeryahooda baaruud (Walxaha firfircooni waa daxalka in la yareeyo noolaa qalabka iyo waxay keeni kartaa xaaladaha degdegga ah) ka saar. Halabuurka ee gaaska dabiiciga ah waxaa falanqeeyay ka hor iyo ka dib qalajinta ee column nuugista iyo tayadda ah hydrogen la safeeyey.

In dhirta sidoo kale soo saari helium. Xaaladdan oo kale, laba dhibaato waa la xallin. First - helium inert (Wuxuu) yaraynaysaa sifooyinka tayo leh la siiyo GOST 5542-87, tusaale ahaan, kulaylka sari. Shirka labaad ee - ka go'an in la rakibo nijaasta low-kulka of helium loo baahan yahay in laamaha badan ee wax soo saarka dhaqaalaha qiimo ah, waxaa la helay beeraha ku jira ka badan 0.1% weyn. helium bixiyay cadaadis sare waxaa ugu Waxyoonay macaamiisha ee dhululubada steel. Halabuurka The tayada of helium sida Halabuurka gaaska la falanqeeyay on content ee nijaasta ahaa in laboratories kiimikada gaar ah.

Content qaybaha hydrocarbon falanqeeyay sida ay GOST 23781-87. Sida laga soo xigtay dokumentigan Heerka qeexo Halabuurka kiimikada ee gaaska dabiiciga ah hababka chromatographic ah. Helium, hydrogen, nitrogen, ogsijiin iyo methane - chromatograph la dhaanta conductivity kaamerada, kuna waari dhexdeeda Tiirka chromatographic rakibay la finjilka kelli. Consort iyo carbon dioxide - chromatograph la dhaanta conductivity kaamerada iyo column la sferohromom daaweeyaa ether TEGM ka buuxsamay. content ka mid ah qaybaha C4-C8 - chromatograph la baare ionization olol iyo column ah chromatographic buuxiyey oo la taageero adag inert (Chromaton) loola dhaqmo si dimethylsilicone ama squalane. Halabuurka xisaabiyaa gaaska dabiiciga ah ee boqolkiiba by mugga.

sidoo imtixaan sida sifooyinka kale oo loo ogaado tayada sheyga, marxaladaha kala duwan ee wax soo saarka, laga bilaabo waqtiga la-soo-saarka ilaa dhalmada si macaamilka. Tusaale ahaan, content biyo dhigay barta sayaxa, GOST 20060-83. cufnaanta qaraabo of qiimaha calorific sare iyo hoose xisaabiyaa iyadoo la raacayo GOST 22667-82 oo ku salaysan ka kooban qayb by hababka chromatographic falanqaynta helay sida ay GOST 23781-87. Si loo go'aamiyo tayadda hydrogen (H2S) iyo baaruud mercaptan ah (RSH) waxaa loo isticmaalaa mid ka mid ah saddex dariiqo (fotokalorimetrichesky, potentiometric ama iodometric) kaas oo kuu sharaxaya GOST 22387.2-97 oo la doorto waxay ku xiran tahay content oo ka mid ah qaybaha la falanqeeyay. All of cilmiga ku salaysan kuwaas oo u noqdo halabuurka yaqaan ee gaaska dabiiciga ah waa la fuliyay in laboratories kiimikada, kaas oo waa in ay buuxiyaan shuruudaha GOST R ISO / IEC 17025-2009.