Proton mass

Marka waxaa la rumeysan yahay in unit ugu yar ee qaabka wax kasta - Britain ah. Markaas, been abuurtay waa microscopes awood badan, Dadka la yaabay in la ogaado eb fikradda - Qurub farcan kelli. Waxaa u muuqan lahaa in badan ka yar? Dhanka kale, xataa ka dib waxa ay shaaca ka qaaday in la eb markeeda ka kooban yahay xubno ka yar.

Horraantii qarnigii 20aad jirka ah British Rutherford Ernest furay joogitaanka nuclei qaaradda - dhismeedka dhexe, daqiiqad in calaamadsan bilowgii isku xigta a of daahfurtay in aan dhammaanayn ku saabsan qeybaha dhismaha ka mid ah qaybta ugu yar ee arrinta.

Si aad u taariikhda, ku salaysan model ah nuclear ee qaab-dhismeedka qaaradda , oo ay sabab u tahay cilmiga badan, waxaa la ogsoon yahay in la eb ka kooban yahay halyeeyada ah, kaas oo ku hareereysan daruur electron ah. Halabuurka ee noocan oo kale ah "daruurta" - electrons ama qayb ka hoose iyadoo amar diidmo ah. Halabuurka ee asaasiga ah, on lid ku ah, ka kooban yahay qayb ka leh koronto wanaagsan magacaaga aqbaliddoodii lacag protons. Horeba kor ku xusan, jirka dadka British ahaa awoodaan si ay u dhawraan oo markii danbe in lagu qeexo this ifafaale. In 1919, uu sameeyay tijaabo ah, taas oo ka koobnayd in xaqiiqda ah in qayb ka Alfa reebtay nuclei hydrogen oo ka mid ah nuclei xubno kale. Sidaas darteed, waxaa suurtagal ah si aad u ogaato oo ku muujin in protons - ma si fudud xuduntii eb hydrogen ah oo aan hal electron ah. In protons physics casri ah waxaa lagu tilmaamay by p calaamad ama p + (taas oo macnaheedu yahay mas'uul wanaagsan).

Proton macnihiisa Giriiggu waa "weyn ee ugu horeysay" - walxaha hoose, isagoo la xiriira fasalka ee baryons, ie xad culus qayb ka hoose. Muujinaysaa qaab deggan, ay Meyeydaan wax ka badan yahay 2.9 x 10 (29) sano.

Si adag u hadlaya, marka lagu daro proton ah, xuduntii qaaradda kale oo ku jira neutrons, kaas oo, ku salaysan magaca, dhexdhexaad loo eedeeyay. Labada of walxahaasi waxaa lagu magacaabaa nucleons.

mass ee proton ah, by Samo falku inaad ah xaaladaha ku cad, muddo dheer laga yaabaa aan la qiyaasi. Imminka waxaannu garanaynaa in ay tahay

Xildhibaan = 1,67262 ∙ 10-27 kg.

Waxaa sidaas u egtahay iyo mass inta kale ee proton ah.

Waxaan hadda ka fiirso meelaha gaar ah fahamka kala duwan proton physics mass.

mass ee Qurub gudahood physics ee nuclear inta badan qaadataa aragtiyo kala duwan, waa unug ee AMU qiyaas

Amu - unit mass qaaradda. Mid ka mid ah AMU loo siman yahay si 1/12 mass ee la eb carbon ah, oo waa loo siman yahay si tirada mass of 12. Sidaa awgeed, 1 unit mass qaaradda waa loo siman yahay si 1,66057 · 10-27 kg.

mass proton, sidaas darteed, sida soo socota:

Xildhibaan = 1,007276 iyo sidoo. e. m.

Waxaa jira hab kale si ay u muujiyaan baaxada leh oo ka mid ah qayb ka wanaagsan oo lagu eedeeyay isticmaalaya halbeeg oo kala duwan oo ah qiyaas. Si arrintan loo sameeyo, marka hore waxaad u baahan tahay in ay iska falno isu of mass iyo tamarta E = mc2. Halkee c - xawaaraha iftiinka, iyo m - mass jirka.

mass proton kiiskan la qiyaasi doonaa in megaelectronvolts ama MeV. Tani unit oo ah qiyaas waxaa si gaar ah loo isticmaalo ee physics ee nuclear iyo nuclear oo u adeegta si loo cabbiro tamarta in lagama maarmaan u kala iibsiga ee walxaha u dhexeeya labada dhibcood ee beerta electrostatic. Iyadoo shardi ah in farqiga u dhexeeya iman kara dhibcood waa loo siman yahay ilaa 1 Volt.

Sidaa awgeed, la siiyey in 1 AMU = 931,494829533852 MeV mass proton waa qiyaastii

Xildhibaan = 938 MeV.

gabagabada waxa laga helaa oo ku saleysan cabir mass-spectroscopic iyo in miisaankiisu yahay qaab kuwaas oo waxaa kor lagu muujiyay, iyo waxaa kaloo loo yaqaan e nasasho proton nergiey.

Sayidka, oo diiradda saaraya baahida tijaabo ah, miisaanka walxaha ugu yar lagu sheegi karaa by saddex qiimayaal kala duwan, saddex cutub oo kala duwan.

Intaa waxaa dheer, tiro proton ee lagu sheegi karaa qof qaraabo in mass ee electron ah, kaas oo lagu yaqaan in ay wax badan ka qayb "adag" waxaa wanaagsan eedeeyay. miisaanka Equal la xisaab adag oo qalad weyn haddii ay taasi ku noqon lahaa 1836.152 672 qaraabo in mass electron ah.