Pasternak Leonid Osipovich: farshaxankiisa, Biography

Ma aha qof kasta waa og yahay aabbe u ahaa caanka Abwaan Ruush iyo qoraa Boris Pasternak waa qof si siman tayo leh, kuwaas oo artist ah Pasternak Leonid Osipovich. About uu shaqada laga wada hadli doonaa in this article.

carruurnimada

artist Young Pasternak Leonid Osipovich (1862-1945 - sano ah nolosha), oo magaciisa dhabta u muuqataa sidii Avrum Itshok Leib, ku koray qoys sabool ah in Odessa. rinjiile tayo Future ahaa kii ugu yaraa ee lix carruur ah. Wiil The ugu dhaqsaha badan waxay bilaabeen inay muujiyaan hal-abuurka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inkastoo tayada cad ee ilmahooda, waalidiinta ayaa qabtay hamiday Leni aan xamaasad. Weli, artist dhallinyarada ma ka tanaasulaan fasalada dugsiga tahay. Baridda wiil farshaxanka sii ka dib dhamaadka gymnasium ah. Iyadoo Leonid doortay ganacsiga caafimaad sida qaaska ah, waa in la isku midka ah waxbarashada jaamacadda weheliso booqashada sayidkiisa istuudiyaha E. Sorokina. Waxaa intaa dheer, waxbarashada qaaska ah ee ku siiyey artist mustaqbalka fursad ay si fiican ku baaraya dabeecadaha jidhka bini'aadamka, ay cayimayo in dhaqdhaqaaqa iyo statics.

waxbarashada dheeraad ah sayidkayga qaatay xitaa jeedo dheeraad ah oo lama filaan ah. In labaatan sannadood Leonid filaan ah isu beddelay shaqadiisa, waxaana uu waxbarashadiisa ka sii watay Kuliyada ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in baaris this muhiim ma aha in ka badan, oo keliya muddo gaaban ka dib, Nebina dalkiisa uu daayeen oo ka tageen si ay isugu dayaan in ay qaddar ee Germany.

dibedda ku nool

Gelida Munich, Pasternak Leonid Osipovich qaatay dhowr xilli waxbarashada rinjiyeynta at Academy Royal of Fine Arts. Waxaa halkaas in nolosha sayidkii keenay hooyadiis iyada caan ah artist Ruush Serov, oo wakhtigaas abaabulay goobada. Shirkan waxa uu noqday durkin ah qoyska Pasternak ah, iyo qoyska Serov ah. Leonid Osipovich yiqiin naag tani waxay ahayd bilowgii saaxiibtinimo muddo dheer farcankeenna dhowr.

daabacaadan ugu horeysay

Inta lagu guda jiro kalfadhiga, artist markii qaar ka mid ah in Odessa, halkaas oo marka hore uu daabacay shuqulkiisa in majaladaha qof maadda ah ku soo laabtay. Kuwaasu waxay ahaayeen Dakatu, kartoonada, Dakatu, Dakatu. Intee in le'eg ka dib qirtay in artist qudhiisu Maksim Gorky, waqti Pasternak ugu horeysay la qabtay, sida uu sheegay qoraaga, "shanqadh" suugaanta Ruush.

In tababarkan sayidkii ma waxaa loo soo afjaro. Ka dib ka qalin Jaamacadda Pasternak Leonid Osipovich, Biography oo helay guusha kale oo muhiim ah, isna wuxuu u adeegay tabaruce ahaan. Xitaa inta lagu guda jiro waajibaadka ciidan uu, uu marna ka joogsadeen si ay u sameeyaan Dakatu iyo sawiro yar yar. Tan iyo markii ay u qabanqaabiyey style qoraaga.

nolosha Personal

In magaaladiisa ee Pasternak Leonid Osipovich la kulmay Roza Kaufman, biyaaniiste cajiib tayo leh. Horeba 1889 caashaqi jiray way wada guursadeen oo u dhaqaaqay in ay ku noolaadaan Moscow. Waxaa Rose siiyey mid riwaayad kale ka dib markii, iyo Leonid kaxaystay goobo polenovskim.

Hal sano ka dib, ina horeysay newlyweds waxa uu ku dhashay. Waxa uu ahaa kii dambe noqday Abwaan Ruush caan ah. Waxay ahayd Boris Pasternak. Saddex sano ka dib lamaanaha lahaa wiil, Alexander, oo noqday dhise guul.

Waxa intaa dheer in wiilasha ee qoyska ahaayeen Pasternak iyo jinsi cadaalad ah. In 1990 gabadhii artist dhallinyarada ee, Josephine, laba sano ka dib, xaaskiisa la jecel yahay Rosa naagtiisa Lydia siiyey. Carruurtiisu Pasternak Nagi gallery gaar ah. In canvases kuwaas oo qabsadeen Shukaansiga iyo diirimaad buulkeedii qoyska, kaas oo la taxeen labo dhallinyarada oo dhan.

aqoonsi

durkin for artist dhallinyarada ahaa 1889 ayuu mar kale dhoola nasiib, iyo sawirka ugu horeysay ee loo yaqaan ee odaygii, "Warqad ku hooyo ah" Iibsaday ururiyaha a ixtiraamo Pavel Tretyakov. Waxay ahayd sannad guul Pasternak. Ka dib markii bandhig oo ka mid ah farshaxankiisa magaca artist waa weligiis ku xayiran on par la saffarro aan ka yarayn caan ah.

Ka dib guushii ay leeyihiin min bulshada Moscow ee connoisseurs of rinjiyeynta Pasternak Leonid Osipovich noqday caan ah oo ka mid ah fanaaniinta waqtiga. Waxa uu bilaabay in ay la shaqeeyaan ugu yaraan loo yaqaan by ururiya iyo fanaaniinta. Waxaa intaa dheer, artist qudhiisu wuxuu bilaabay inuu casharo siin Ranjiilayaasha laylis. Sidaas daraaddeed, xitaa Ilya Repin diray waxbarasho in Pasternak ardayda yar yar. Later, odaygii bilaabay in la siiyo casharo gaar ah ee Moscow. Maxaa yeelay, guusha, ayuu wuxuu goostay, wada jir ah ula saaxiibkiis, Stemberg istuudiyaha artist furan shakhsi tababarka inaan ka dhaansado. Iyadoo ardayda ka shaqeeya Pasternak ayaa laftiisa la aasaasay sida artist a horusocod iyo macalinka. Sayidka, cilmiga, ayuu ma aha oo kaliya ardayda baray waxyaabaha aasaasiga ah ee farshaxanka iyo sawir tacliimeed, laakiin sidoo kale muujiyay dhalinyarada cusub, qof walba ma hababka hore loo isticmaalay. sayidkiisa oo dhan taas hore ka bartay ee tababarka lagu jiro ee Germany. Sayidka, farshaxanka Ruush si tartiib tartiib ah u qoondeeyey dhinaca Yurub ah.

Shaqada weriyey

Tan iyo 1890, Leonid Osipovich hoos bacdi reer Ruush qoraa, riwaayadaha iyo wariye Fedora Sologuba noqdo editor tahay magazine cusub "Faneed" ah. Hal sano ka dib, Pasternak qaaday si ay u maareeyaan daabaco shuqullada Mihaila Yurevicha Lermontova la sawirada. Tani collection of artist aan la qurxiyey oo kaliya sawirada uu, laakiin sidoo kale isaga siiyey fursad ay ku shaqeeyaan fannaaniin kale oo tayo leh laakiin ka yar si fiican u yaqaan. iyaga ka mid ah waxa aan ahaa mid aad u caan ah waagaas, laakiin aan ka yarayn tayo of this Mikhail Vrubel.

Waxa intaa dheer in la shaqeeyo oo duurka ku ah saxaafadda, sayidkiisii ku guulaysteen in ay rinjiyeynta. In 1892 qoray Pasternak Leonid Osipovich, "egtay of abuurka." movie noqday calaamad aan ku bangiga of farshaxanka.

Abuuritaanka Wehbe

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in Leonid Osipovich Pasternak loo yaqaan rinjiile ah, qayb weyn oo ka mid ah ay dhaxal ahaan farshaxanka dhigi Wehbe.

Xataa in noocan oo kale ah farshaxanka artist bixitaankii fikrado cusub oo isaga u gaar ah. The feature ugu duwanyihiin of Wehbe Pasternak waa in sayidkiisu waxaa lagu sawiray ma aha oo kaliya dhaceen, laakiin sidoo kale ka codsaday dunida gudaha muujiyey. In farshaxankiisa, artist waxay doonayeen si uu u gudbiyo qof ku taswiiran niyadda, dareenka uu, walbahaar, isbeddelo ah niyadda. Pasternak qoray style impressionistic. ka xoog badan ugu cad cad inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in style this loo saarin karaa in shaqada artist oo dhan, ka dib oo dhan, waa in ay Wehbe hantida this.

guul International

Pasternak sii waday in ay yeeshaan macallin sayidkayga ah, waxaana uu horay u qaaday boos ee School of Arts in 1894. Isla mar ahaantaana, Pasternak noqday macalimiinta iyo sayid kale qudbad, oo iyaga ku dhex Serov, Nikolai Kasatkin iyo K. Korovin. Iyada oo hawlo ay duurka ku waxbaridda, dugsiga waxa uu noqday mid ka mid ah ugu horumarsan ma aha oo kaliya in Russia, laakiin xitaa noqon caanka ah ee dibadda. macalimiinta ganacsiga Young, kuwaas oo inta badan lagu dibadda bartay, soo bandhigid heerarka cusub ee wax ku barayay tahay. Intaa waxaa dheer, kooxdan oo ah macallimiinta ayaa dalacsiiyay koorsooyinka waxbarashada guud. Sidaas daraaddeed, Vasiliy Klyuchevsky noqday macalin taariikhda Ruush. Later, Leonid Osipovich qabsaday mid ka mid ah sawirrada uu. Waxaa xusid mudan in dugsigu ma aha in aan micne lahayn isu heli warkiisii weyn, shaqada quduuska ah macalimiinta qaar badan oo ardayda ka dib noqday sayid weyn. ka mid ah fannaaniin caan ah sida Gerasimov, Konchalovsky, Krymov, Shcherbakov iyo kuwa kale.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyo this aan ku xaddidnayn Slava Pasternaka. In 1894, "Habeeynimadii of imtixaanada," sawir ah artist ku guuleystay abaalmarinta ugu horeysay ee bandhiga caalamiga ah ee Munich. Waxay ahayd mid ku iibsaday 1890, decoration ee Museum Luxembourg ay si toos ah uga saaxiibtinimo taasoo ka dhacday Paris.

Ka dib markii sida guul leeyihiin min ahayd baahida macquul ah oo hal-abuurka Pasternak. Horeba 1901, Museum Luxembourg ku wakiishay dhowr si fiican u yaqaan wakhtigaas Ranjiilayaasha, oo ay ku jiraan Leonid Osipovich, u muujinayaa goobaha laga nolosha Ruush. Pasternak qoray mid ka mid ah uu abuuray oo uu ugu caansan, sawirka kaamil ah "Tolstoy oo la socda qoyskiisa." Waxay ku amaanay xataa Duke George Alexandrovich, daawashada bandhig "World of Art" ah.

Later Pasternak ahaa aasaasihii tahay Ruush magaalada Dusseldorf. Intii uu sayidkiisii dibadda fruitfully isticmaalo waqtiga loo qoondeeyey oo booqday xeebta Mediterranean. Halka Italy, artist ka sameeyey wax badan oo Dakatu ee Bbc.

Life ka baxsan hooyo

Inta lagu jiro dhacdooyinka 1905, Leonid Osipovich sannad dhan ahaa ee Berlin. isaga jecel shaqo ee dugsiga lahaa in la joojiyo, sababtoo ah dugsiga ayaa la xidhay. Wakhtigan, Pasternak ka qeyb qaatay bandhigyo badan oo Yurub ah, oo ay ku jiraan Berlin. In isku midka ah, sayidkii rinji macaamiisha badan oo qalaad.

Tan iyo 1912, inta lagu guda jiro daawaynta GUUSHII Pasternak in Kissingen iyo Pisa, sayidkii wuxuu bilaabay inuu "Hambalyo." Ballaaran shiraac Sida laga soo xigtay fikradda ah, carruurta ka yimid hadiyado waalidkood 'in ay ka farxiyaan si ay guuradii arooska lacag ah, sida iyaga iyo farshaxanka sawiray. Leonid Osipovich Pasternak dhammeeyey uu rinjiyeynta ee 1914. Waxay lahaa guul leeyihiin min.

Muddadan, odaygii ku noolaa Moscow. Waxaa halkan waa in qoray Pasternak Leonid Osipovich, "sawirka wiilka" - mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu caansan ee uu abuuray oo uu.

Tan iyo 1921. Pasternak ku noolaa Berlin. Inkastoo ay sii daraysa ee caafimaadka iyo aragga naafada ka, waxa uu dareemay xowli ah ciidamada hal abuur leh oo ku qoray inta lagu jiro waqtigan taxane ah oo Wehbe ah shaqsiyad caan ah, iyaga ka mid ah Albert Einstein, R. M. Rilke iyo kuwo kale oo badan. In 1924, waxa uu ahaa in shirkadda la saaxiibo tegey safar uu ku tago Masar iyo Falastiin. Intii lagu guda jiray safarka, Pasternak qoray taxane ah oo Dakatu cajiib ah.

Waqtiga qabashada xoogga by naasiga ah, inta badan shuqullada artist ah ayaa si cad gubay, iyo bandhigyo la mamnuucay. Marka tan la eego, in soddon jirka daahay, Pasternak dhaqaaqay London, halkaas oo uu ku soo qoray taxane ah oo farshaxankiisa, markii danbe loo wareejiyay British Museum. Muddo yar ka dib ka dillaacay ee dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka, sayidkii idlaadeen ee Oxford.

Waqtigan xaadirka ah, dhaxalkii hodanka ah ee artist yihiin in badan oo ka mid ah matxafyada ugu caansan dunida ee, oo ay ku jiraan Gallery Tretyakov ee Moscow. Way adag tahay in la qiimeeyo tabarruca uu sameeyey farshaxanka Ruush iyo dunida Leonid Osipovich Pasternak. farshaxankiisa sayidkiisa weli mashquulin meel sharaf at bandhigyo caalamiga ah.