Earthenware - waxa uu yahay waxan? Waa maxay kala duwan ka pottery galaas ah?

Dadka tan iyo wakhtiyadii hore loo isticmaalo soo saaridda of taarikada faience iyo koobabka. Oo dunida maanta, pottery waxaa loo arkaa ku dhowaad maarmaan. Inkasta oo style ee alaabta, technology-soo-saarka ay si joogto ah la beddelo, laakiin waxyaabaha la isma badelin. Waa maxay faience, iyo waxa ay qoreysa ayaa - isku day inaad fahanto this article.

Waa maxay faience a

Faience - wax a kaas oo la sameeyey suxuunta, Arrimaha Gudaha, xubno naqshadda , iwm Waxaa lagu gartaa dabacsanaan, cufnaanta iyo ganaax porosity ... Magaca wax this ka yimaado magaalada Talyaaniga ee Faenza, kuwaas oo ahaa caan ah wax soo saarka ee alaabta dhoobada.

Earthenware waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalo wax soo saarka ee weelka, qadiin ah iyo hadiyado kala duwan oo dhoobada. Figurines noocan ah ka duwan dhalaalka galaas oo u damaysay mid ah midabo iyo u muuqataa mid aad u heer sare ah. Sida weelka, qalabka kushiinka of galaas inta badan soo saaray qaab fudud oo u muuqdo mid caadi ah. Waa fiican ee cuntada maalin walba la weelka fudud.

kala duwan ee earthenware

Iyada oo ku xidhan ka kooban oo lacagta ee nijaasta jira dhawr nooc oo galaas:

1. earthenware Calcareous - marka laga reebo quartz iyo caddaan dhoobo aan nuurad lahayn ka kooban yahay iyo dolomite. Iyada oo lagu daro kuwan waxyaabaha ka samaysan yihiin inta badan ka sahlan oo dhakhso.
2. earthenware jilicsan - waxaa lagu daray in ay Halabuurka caadiga ah ka duwan plavni - walxaha taas oo samaysa inta lagu guda jiro processing kaamerada xarunta fusible.
3. earthenware Feldspar - waxa ku jira xaddi gaar ah oo feldspar (minerals dhagax weyn-sameynta).
4. iib ah Hard - waa wax ka badan waarta. waxyaabaha noocan oo kale ah leeyihiin guryaha farsamo sare. Obzhog earthenware adag maraa heerkulka aad u sarreeya.

Taariikhda earthenware

Dadka ogaaday waxa faience, 4 kun BC kale.. e. Halabuurka The Xarsiid horreeyey waxaa la sameeyey wax yar oo kala duwan laga bilaabo maanta. In articles earthenware Mesobotamiya iyo Masar of quruurux quartz doped la lime soodhada, copper iyo iron ore sameeyey.

Inta badan dambe, earthenware muuqday World Hore. First uu soo saaray yeedhay majolica in qaar ka mid ah magaalooyinka dalka Talyaaniga. Markaas waxyaabaha galaas oo tayo sare leh ka sameeyey ee France, in Saint-Porsche.

In Russia, faience caan ka qarnigii XVIII ka. In Moscow, warshad oo dhan wax soo saarka ee alaabta dhoobada. Delftware kharash dadka dhakhso iyo ku riyaaqay caan weyn. Products of dhirta kala duwan khilaafeen. Sayidka, sayidkii manufactory ku Grebenshchikov rinji suxuunta on dhaldhalaalka qoyan. Ururka weel Kuznetsova daahan glaze midabo kala duwan leh, mugga gargaarka ama sawir daabacaadda. Warshadda Gzhel manufactures waxyaabaha inta badan buluug, iyo sidoo kale dahab-rinji ah.

Konakovo faience

horumarka weyn ee wax soo saarka alaabta galaas sameeyey MS Kuznetsov, kuwaas oo ka iibsanayay 1870 warshad galaas ee Konakovo. Waxa uu soo saaray qaababka gacanta-rinji ama daabacay inta badan earthenware. 20 sano ka dib, Kuznetsov ayaa bilaabay in ay soo saaraan suxuunta of polufayans, galaas oo dhoobada. Tan iyo bartamihii 20-. qarnigii XX warshad waxay bilaabeen inay lug ku fanaaniinta ugu wanaagsan iyo sayid of rinjiyaynta si loo abuuro qaababka qurux on suxuunta iyo curiyay farshaxan animalistic. shuqullada waxay ahaayeen in dalabka, taas oo iyana ka qayb qaatay fidinta ee wax soo saarka.

Waqti ka, fanaaniinta ay awoodaan si ay u abuuraan style a qaar ka mid ah waxyaabaha ay: walxaha galaas qaab organic ciyaari faraxsan oo dhalaalaysa rinji glaze potechnyh. Konakovo faience dhoofiyo dalal badan. waxyaabaha qaar waxa ay si nabad ah in laga maalmood our.

dhoobada Semikarakorsk

Semikarakorsk faience - a ifafaale farshaxanka Don dhulka cad. gobolka Rostov ayaa waxaa ku hawlan soo saarta pottery tan iyo wakhtiyadii hore. waa helaa badan oo qadiimi ah ayaa tilmaamaya jiritaanka Potteries artisanal Semikarakorsk tan iyo wakhtiyadii pre-Christian.

style Art muuqaalada earthenware Semikarakorsky farshaxankiisa asalka ah, buketno-ubaxa isku sharraxdid, goobaha dabiiciga ah, yabban taariikhiga ah. Masters in sawiro ahaayeen awoodaan in ay gaadhsiin quruxda iyo xooggii gobolka, dhaqan Don, ruuxa Cossacks ah.

Maaddaama ay heerka sare ee xirfadaha farshaxanka faience Semikarakorsk adduunka oo dhan ka heli shuqullada tahay.

Noocyada earthenware

Maanta, meel loo isticmaalo dhoobo. Tani ma aha oo kaliya in ay qiimo jaban, laakiin xog ee samaynta articles sida ugu wacan. The suxuunta inta badan soo saaray earthenware: maddiibadaha, taarikada for appetizers iyo saxamada ugu weyn, fijaan oo qoto dheer, seledochnitsy, waxay u taagan tahay cunto iyo cajiin, maraqa, tureens maraq fuud iyo dheryaha, koob loogu talagalay cabitaan kulul, Ashuummada caanaha, koobabka, cusbo iyo sonkor. Inta maalmahan in dukaamada aad ka arki kartaa noocyo kala duwan oo badan oo xubno ka naqshadda ka faience, marmarka, musqulaha. alaabta Home caddayn sida ma aha oo kaliya oo ku saabsan dhadhan wanaagsan milkiilaha, laakiin sidoo kale ku saabsan sida ay dhaqaale fayo-qabka.

Sidee maacuun

Quartz, madax adkaadeen, oo ah laba qaybood, waa mid ka mid ah u isticmaalaan si ay u abuuraan earthenware dhoobo cad. Geedi socodka ah ee soo saarta alaabta dhoobada bilaabmaa daaweynta ee la soo dhaafay. Sayidka, gubashadii waa la fuliyay dhowr jeer mass dhoobo ah heerkulka a of 1050 ° C, inta lagu guda jiro this, waa in ay bedeshaa midabka. Markaas at heerkul ah 950 ° C waxaa laga codsadaa in glaze ah oo hufan ama midab leh. At heerka ugu dambeeya waa dib-u-rasaas. Sidaas darteed of mass faience gaadhista sida weli furan iyo ku haboon naqshado dahabka. Haddii pottery waxaa rasaas heerkulka hooseeyo, waxaa u roon in doonaa si ay u sii ka rinjiga underglaze daran.

Sidaas darteed, wax ku marayo tallaabooyin badan processing, halka helitaanka faience diyaar. taarikada Photo habka wax soo saarka ayaa muujineysa taxadir ah ee geedi socodka this.

faience caafi

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay ka badan iyo earthenware caafi dheeraad ah oo caan ah. Its saarka qaadataa meel on technology ka duwan soo saaridda of suxuunta ama figurines. In la abuuro wax xoog sare dahaarka leh kula a alaabta daahan gaar ah. Iyada oo tuubooyinka earthenware hawlgalka habboon iyo si taxaddar leh si ay ugu adeegaan dheer oo ku filan in kiiska this awood u eegi doonaa la mid ah sida waqtiga iibsiga.

Sida loo kala saaro pottery ka china

Qaar badan oo ka aadan aqoon faraqa u dhexeeya galaas ka pottery, oo waxaa inta badan wareersan, laakiin iyaga u dhexeeya uu jiro farqi u. alaabta dhoobada waxaa lagu gartaa heerka hoose ee isakaga, oo dhumucdiisuna waxay derbiga weyn oo xoog hoose. waxyaabaha ku dhameysatay ayaa la kala duwanaayeen qaababka siman. Maacuun, la galaas aan awoodin in ay sii hayn kulaylka waqti dheer marka la barbar dhigo. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxyaabaha sida adkeysan karaan heerkulka sare. Haddii suxuunta maydhay biyo kulul, waxaa crack karo. Sidaa darteed, in kiisas badan oo waa ka badan wax ku ool ah si ay u isticmaalaan weelka of galaas sameeyey.

Si aad si fiican u fahamto faraqa u dhexeeya galaas ka pottery, waxaad samayn kartaa marka la barbardhigo ah waxyaabaha ka qalabkan. The kala duwan yihiin muhiim marka hore - mawduuca sonority. Waa in ay fududahay in la garaacayaa qarkii ee ahaa wasladdii. Galaas shanqarta Hum dheer oo kala duwan. Isla mar ahaantaana rugleyn faience jalaska.

Waxa kale oo suuragal si loo ogaado faience iyo sifooyinka dibadda. Oo alaabteeda oo dhoobada sameeyey ma iftiin ma gudbiyaan. Tan waxa u sabab xaqiiqada ah in badeecada eryo heerkulka a yar. Farqiga u caan ah waa dusha siman ugu hooseysa suxuunta. Mararka qaarkood waxaad ku arki kartaa dimples yar, taas oo loo sameeyay intii lagu jiray rasaas. Wixii la barbardhigo, hoose ee china ah had iyo jeer waa ka da.ay.

Dadka haysta maacuun in ay dhaqaale dheeraad ah in lagu daweeyo oo la socon iyada xaaladda. Haddii dildilaaca isticmaalin waxyaabaha sida uu yahay loo baahnayn, tan iyo bakteeriyada dhex gelin u geliyey daloolada of earthenware oo ka cadhaysiinina karaan horumarinta cudurro kala duwan.

Sida loo daryeelo faience

Sida suxuunta kasta, waxyaabaha earthenware u baahan daryeel gaar ah. Tixgalinta dhammaan oo ka mid ah guryaha ee wax this, waxaa aad u muhiim ah in aad u hoggaansamaan xeerarka hawlgalka, in la kordhiyo nolosha adeeg ee faience ah.

Xeerka ugu muhiimsan - si aad u maydho articles of galaas oo kaliya in biyo diiran iyo mayr qabow. In the case of biyo kulul on suxuunta loo sameeyay dildilaaca yar yar iyo qaab-dhismeedka wax jabay.

Saabuun, gaar ahaan ka carfayaan, waxaa wanaagsan in aadan isticmaalin waa. Si aad u fududeeyo maacuun madoobaan waxaa loo isticmaali karaa xal baking soda ama milix iyo khal in cabirku yahay 1: 1. Gaar ahaan waa in si taxadir leh loo is ogow of articles dahab. Xaqiiqada ah in tirooyinka, kuwaas oo lagu qurxiyey faience, glazed. Sidaa darteed, ka dib markii lagu dhaqo noqnoqda sii dhawrsan. Sida gilding - waxaa laga codsadaa in ka badan glaze iyo si tartiib tartiib ah tirtirayaa isticmaalka caadiga ah. Sidaa darteed, meeshii lagu qurxiyey rinjiga dahab ah, aad xoqin karaa si xoog leh, waxaa wanaagsan in la isticmaalo maro jilicsan ama isbuunyo. ka alaabta earthenware kartaan saar Wasaqda Maro qoyan qadar yar oo ah ammonia.

Inkastoo faa'iidooyinka galaas, dadka weli sii wadaan si ay u iibsadaan pottery. Tani wuxuu kobciyaa soo saarayaasha dhoobada soo saaraan waxyaabaha cusub ee ujeedooyin kala duwan.