Waa maxay pyrolysis? Qeexida fikradda guud ee geedi socodka

Waa maxay pyrolysis? Waa maxay muhiimadda ay leedahay waayo, warshadaha kiimikada casriga ah? Waxaan la arrinta ka qaban doonaan.

On pyrolysis ee Consort

Sidaas daraaddeed, waa maxay pyrolysis? Qeexidda habkan ku lug daatay ee kaamerada of xarunta organic aan joogitaanka oxygen. Sakhiray si ay burburtay oo saliid ah, dhuxusha, qori. Kadib markii geedi socodka soo saarta gaaska Avv, iyo sidoo kale waxyaabaha kale ee dhamaadka.

Features habka

reaction pyrolysis waxaa lagu fuliyaa at heerkul ah 800 si ay u 900 digrii. Nidaamkan waxaa loo arkaa mid ka mid ah aasaasiga ah ee formation of ethylene. Tani hydrocarbon roodhida waa feedstock muhiim ah oo noocyo kala duwan oo xeryahooda organic: benzene, propylene divinyl.

pyrolysis qori

Ku dooday in ka badan waxa pyrolysis, waxaan la soco in markii ugu horeysay technology tani waa kiimikada ah ee saliidda iyo gaaska ayaa la xiranayo Summer AA ee 1877. Waa maxay pyrolysis ka sameeyey qori? reaction Tani waxaa lagu fuliyaa at heerkul ah oo ku saabsan 500 digrii. Waxaa la xidhiidha dhismaha qaybaha muhiimka ah waxyaabaha kiimikada sida acid acetic, dhuxusha, cusbi, acetone. Marka la eego in dalkeena uu yahay "khasnad" kaymaha ee Russia shaqeeyaan dhirta waaweyn ee habka pyrolysis qoryaha.

qashinka pyrolysis

Pyrolysis qashinka waa mashruuc gaar ah burburinta qashinka guriga. kakanaanta ee pyrolysis ee balaastigga, taayirada, qashinka organic kala duwan ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in technology wareegay kala duwan, taas oo si weyn u kala duwan yihiin habka of baaraandegidda qalabka kale ee adag.

Halabuurka The oo qashin badan yahay baaruud, chlorine, fosfooraska, taas oo ka dib markii lagu qayilo (formation of oxides) bartaan guryaha Degenaansho. waxyaabaha pyrolysis waa khatar ku ah deegaanka.

Marka dhexgalka ee chlorine la walxaha organic sameeyay ka dib markii la dhameeyo nidaamka kala daatay, waxaa hawada ah waarta xeryahooda u aabayeelin sida dioxins. In si ay u qabsadaan cuntooyinkan dhaadheer qiiq, waxay u baahan tahay rakibaadda gaar ah pyrolysis. Nidaamka noocan oo kale ah u baahan tahay muhiim ah kharashka wax.

Waayo dal oo Yurub ah, muhiimadda dhawrista waa weyn yahay ee dhibaatada u warshadaynta ee taayirada jir qaybaha caag, kuwaas oo rumoobay nolosha adeeg ay. Sababo la xaqiiqada ah in feedstock shidaalka dabiiciga ah waa macdan views la bedeli karin, waa in la isticmaalaa si khayraadka sare ilaa heerka ugu badnaan.

Of burburka qoyska iyo dhismaha ka heli kartaa noocyo kala duwan oo badan oo walxaha of Halabuurka organic iyo imanba, sidaas darteed waxaa muhiim ah in la horumariyo goobta this warshadaha.

Polymers iyo taayir waa wax weyn oo qiimo leh ceeriin. Ka dib markii processing by pyrolysis low-heerkulka waxaa laga heli karaa jajabka dareere ah Consort cokan (saliid dardaro), gaaska guban, hadhay carbon iyo xadhig bir. Marka gubasho tons taayirrada caag lagu sii deynayo jawiga amarka of 270 kg ee madow carbon oo ku saabsan 450 kg ee walxaha sunta ah gaseous.

gaaska Avv

Tani waxay isku dar ah hydrogen iyo carbon monoxide (2). In heer warshadeed waxaa laga heli by qabashada uumi toobad of methane, gasification ee dhuxusha, methane processing lagu qayilo qashinka organic. Iyada oo ku xidhan technology oo soo saarta gaaska Avv ah, kuna waari dhexdeeda ratio ee carbon monoxide iyo hydrogen kala duwanaan karaan gudahood kala duwan ee laga bilaabo 1: 1 to 1: 3.

Waxaa ka mid ah codsiyada ugu weyn ee wax xumu ay qaadanayso meel methanol saarka gaarka ah iyo Avv Fischer-Tropsch. Waxaa loola jeedaa in reaction kiimikada dhacda in joogitaanka Hannaan a a. Waxay ka kooban tahay in diinta ee carbon monoxide iyo hydrogen in noocyo kala duwan oo Consort oo dareere ah. Asal ahaan sida Xoojiya (Sheelare) dhexgalka this la doorto Cobalt iyo bir.

cayimayo ee geedi socodka this awood u leeyahay inuu soo saaro qalab dardaro ay codsiga foomka oo saliid cabbeeyo dardaro ama shidaalka.

Cayimayo helo

Waa maxay chemistry ee falcelinta? Aynu isku day in aad xisaabiso waxa ay tahay. Qeexidda pyrolysis ayaa lagu kor ku xusan ka wada hadleen, oo haatan diiradda on sifooyinka of nidaamka kiimikada. habka Fischer-Tropsch ku lug leedahay fal methane la oxygen. waxyaabaha Reaction waa carbon monoxide iyo hydrogen. falcelinta siiyey hydrocarbon taxane alkane iyo uumiga biyaha. Waxaa la sameeyay wax soo saarka shidaalka ka dib markii saabsanaa isdaahirinta, waxaa loo isticmaalaa in la abuuro oo saliid ah synthetic.

Macnaha pyrolysis

Carbon monoxide gaaska iyo gaaska hydrogen sameeyey by qayilo qayb ka mid ah qoryo iyo dhuxul. Muhiimadda geedi socodka noocan oo kale ah waa formation of qalab adag cayriin (hydrocarbon qashinka ama dhuxul) hydrogen ama Consort oo dareere ah.

Marka pyrolysis nonoxidative qashinka adag hadda ku jiraa gaaska warshadaha kiimikada Avv soo saarka. Qaar ka mid ah waxaa ka mid ah waxaa loo isticmaalaa in shidaalka baabuurta oo aan processing dheeraad ah by hoosaysiiyo ku reaction Fischer-Tropsch. Haddii loo baahdo, isticmaal shidaalka ah paraffins la mid ah dareere iyo labeen applied technology kiimikada fudud.

Haddii ay lagama maarmaan tahay in la kordhiyo xaddiga hydrogen soo saaray isbedel in mugga of uumi waxaa ku barakacay ee isla'egta this hoganaya kiimikada. In kiiska noocan oo kale ah, marka la dhameystiro falcelinta soo saaray hydrogen iyo carbon dioxide.

technology Horumarinta

Ka dib markii la ogaaday, ka dhigay in 1920 by Cilmi-German Hans Tropsch iyo Frantsem Fisherom, technology si joogta ah casriyeeyey, hagaagtay. Tartiib tartiib tirada shidaalka dardaro abuuray by pyrolysis, in Germany gaadhay 124 kun oo fuusto maalin kasta. tilmaame noocan oo kale ah jiraye ee 1944.

casriga

Maalmahan, waxaa jira laba shirkadood oo waaweyn, kuwaasi oo loo isticmaalo in ay technology Fischer-Tropsch. shidaalka naaftada soo saaray pyrolysis ee Koonfur Afrika intooda badan, waxyaabaha lagu qayilo xiga sameeyay.

fiiro gaar ah waxaa technology kiimikada siiyey helay ka dib markii saynisyahano bilaabeen in ay raadiyaan habab si loo soo saaro walxaha naaftada low-baaruud awood inuu u keeno dhaawac ugu yaraan in deegaanka. Tusaale ahaan, shirkadaha US hadda feedstock coke xushay ama dhuxusha, dhalaya Consort oo dareere ah oo tayo sare leh.

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in geeddi-socodka pyrolysis waa technology adag oo loo isticmaali karo on qiyaasta weyn, waxaa la xiriira kharashka wax xad sare dayactirka iyo dayactirka rakibo. Waayo, saarayaasha badan, tani waa waano, sababtoo ah waxaa jira u janjeera in ay hoos u dhigaan qiimaha saliidda dunida.

gunaanad

kaydka dhuxusha World waa weyn oo ku filan. Waxay waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sida il shidaal ah ay sabab u yaraadan saliidda lagama maarmaanka ah. Falanqeeyayaasha ayaa ku lug leh maslaxadda Batroolka iyo Gaaska ee, ayaa waxaa ka dhaadhacsan in ay pyrolysis soo saari kartaa Consort oo tayo sare leh. Waxay la soco in shidaalka ka dhalanaya ma aha oo kaliya uu leeyahay qaab ciyaareed sareeya deegaanka marka la barbardhigo saliidda shidaalka, laakiin sidoo kale si fiican u la aqbali karo in macaamiisha kala duwan qiimo. In the case iskujir ah Fischer-Tropsch oo gasification dabdhaliyayaasha waxaa suurtagal ah in ay ka hadlaan hab rajo fiican u soo saarta shidaalka wareegi a gaari muuqashadii.

qalab dardaro cayriin helay pyrolysis ee dhuxushu tahay tartan kaliya marka qiimaha saliidda ka badan $ 40 foosto. Waayo, wax soo saarka ee isku dar ah ee Consort sida lagama maarmaan ah in ay maal-duwan ee toddoba ilaa sagaal bilyan oo doolar siddeetan kun oo barmiil oo shidaal ah synthetic. Technologies oo la xidhiidha geedi socodka pyrolysis ku, aqoonsan deegaan ka mid ah ugu bay'adda. Taasi waa sababta sannadihii la soo dhaafay, wadamo badan oo horumaray fiiro weyn horumarinta hababka cusub ee soo saara shidaalka shidaalka, taas oo u oggolaan inay u soo guurto ka alaabta ceeriin saliid dhaqanka iska. Wacan tahay hal-abuurnimo iyo silsilado horumar habka pyrolysis ku farsamada ayaa noqday si weyn u jaban iyo fududahay si aad u hesho a Consort oo dareere ah oo tayo sare leh. Shayga keentay waxaa loo isticmaalaa ma aha oo kaliya sida shidaalka laakiin sidoo kale noocyo kala duwan oo walxaha organic.