Manidu maskax iyo waxa u shaqeeya waxa qabata

maskax waa laan ugu rostral of habka dareemayaasha jirka. Waxay ka kooban tahay barka ah ee maskaxda (kiliyaha) iyo ganglia ee asalka. Arintaan, isagoo kiliyaha, oo ku yaalla inta u dhexeysa qaybaha aad kaliga ku dhaca maskaxda iyo diencephalon. Halabuurka The oo ka mid ah dhismayaasha nuclear ka mid ah halyeeyada caudate ah, qolof ah, taas oo wada koobnaan striatum gulkroppshormon ah. Its magaca waxa uu helay iyadoo ay sabab u iskhilaafka arrinta cawlan, ka kooban unugyada dareenka, iyo caddaan. walxahaasi, wada jir ah ula kubada cirro cerebral, oo la yidhaahdo nidaamka foomka striopallidarnoy markii laysu tago. Tani habka ku nuujiya, oo ay ku jiraan in aadanuhu, waa qalab weyn nuclear oo isagu qayb ka ah habka dhaqanka motor iyo hawlaha kale ee muhiimka ah.

Halabuurka The of ganglia ee asalka waa nuclei subcortical isagoo ka kooban gacanta aad u kala duwan. pallidus globus waa neurons waaweyn iyo kuwo yaryar. cell Striatum leeyahay urur la mid ah. Waayo, nidaamka neurons striopallidarnoy tago falalkooda ka kiliyaha cerebral, thalamus, istaajiyo nuclei.

Waa maxay shaqooyinka nuclei subcortical?

nidaamyada yaruna striopallidarnoy ku lug motor-duwidda iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa baabuurta. Carbinta xuduntii caudate ah, jeestay madaxdii qof soocayo iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa hubka ama forelimbs xayawaanka ruxaya. In geeddi-socodka waxbarashada striatum ah, waxaa la helay in uu leeyahay door-galo hawlaha dhaqdhaqaaqa xafididda. Lur dhismeedka this jebiyo habka xasuusta iyo barashada. nidaamka Striopallidarnoy fulyo saamaynta inhibitory on waxqabad socon karto iyo qaybaha ay dareen, sida dareen-celinta dagaal.

jilif ee barka ah ee maskaxda

maskax waxaa ka mid ah waxbarashada, oo la yidhaahdo qolof ah. Waxaa loo arkaa formation ugu da'da yaraa ee maskaxda. Morphologically, kiliyaha ka kooban yahay arrin cirro daboola maskaxda oo dhan oo ay leedahay aag aad u ballaaran ay sabab u tahay laalaabka iyo convolutions badan. arrinta cirro ka kooban yahay tiro badan oo unugyada dareenka. Sababo la this tirada xiriir synaptic waa mid aad u ballaaran, waxa uu siiyaa kaydinta iyo processing macluumaadka helay. Ku saleysan oo ka mid ah muuqaalka iyo horumar, qolof ah ee qadiimiga ah, jirka oo cusub go'doon. Inta lagu guda jiro horumar ah ee neocortex ku mammalian horumariyo gaar deg deg ah. jilif qadiimiga ah ee ay ka kooban ayaa nalalka olfactory iyo wadooyin, ka tubercles olfactory. Dhismaha qayb ka mid ah jirka ah ee gyrus cingulate, amygdala iyo gyrus hippocampal. Meesha haray iska leh neocortex ah.

Unugyada dareemaha of kiliyaha cerebral iyo habsami diyaarin in layers, in qaab dhismeedka sameynta lix layers:

1st - yeedhay kelli, aasaasay plexus fiiloyin dareemayaasha oo ku jira tirada ugu yar ee unugyada dareenka.

2nd - yeedhay faqayo dibadda ah. Waxay ka kooban tahay neurons yar oo qaabab kala duwan, oo la mid ah badar.

Saddexaad - ka kooban yahay neurons pyramidal.

4aad - granular gudaha, sida daaha dibadda, waxay ka kooban tahay neurons yar.

5-teedii - waxaa ku jira unugyada Betz (unugyada pyramidal Rafaa). Geeddi socodka ee unugyadan (Axon) si ay u sameeyaan mareenka pyramidal, taasoo gaaro qaybaha caudal oo ag maraaba in xididada hore ee laf dhabarta.

6-deedii - multiforme ka kooban yahay neurons xagalka ah iyo fusiform.

Inkastoo ururka neural of kiliyaha wuxuu leeyahay badan oo la sameeyo, waxbarasho faahfaahsan oo dheeraad ah oo ku muujisay farqiga u muuqda in ay fiiloyin, xajmiga iyo tirada unugyada iyo dhabkiyo branching. By ka barta maskaxda aadanaha map kiliyaha loo diyaariyey, oo ay ku jiraan gobollada 11 iyo 52 oo duurka jooga.

Anigu waxaan mas'uul ka ahay waxa maskax?

Inta badan jir iyo wixii ka weyn jilif la xoojiyey. Waxay sameeyaan maskaxda olfactory. maskax ayaa sidoo kale mas'uul ka ah nastorazhivanie iyo dareenka waa, ka qayb reactions autonomic. Nidaamka ka qeyb qaadanaya dhismaha dabeecad dabiici ah iyo dareenka. In tijaabooyinka xayawaanka, marka Lur jilif jir muuqan saamaynta la xidhiidha nidaamka dheefshiidka: calalinta, liqidda, peristalsis. Sidoo kale waa diiqayo si qumanka ee sababa isbedel ku shaqo ee xubnaha gudaha (kelyaha, ilma-galeenka, kaadi). meelo ka mid ah kiliyaha ay lug ku leeyihiin geeddi-socodka xafididda.

Si wadajir ah hypothalamus ah, meesha limbic iyo maskax-ka (jilif qadiimiga ah iyo jir) sameeyaan nidaamka limbic, taas oo uu xusay in homeostasis oo ay hubisaa in ilaalinta ee noocyada.